Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a starting control method of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, which realizes fault self-checking and emergency treatment in the starting process of the fuel cell system, effectively protects the fuel cell system, realizes quick loading and solves the defect that the fuel cell cannot be quickly loaded.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a starting control method of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is realized by the following steps:
1) powering on the fuel cell system and entering an En state;
2) the fuel cell system enters a 'StandBy' state 3s after being electrified, and the system waits for a starting command at the moment;
3) after receiving a starting command, starting the system, entering a 'Start' state, and returning to a 'StandBy' state if receiving a shutdown command in the starting process; if the system has a Fault in the starting process and the Fault level is 2 or 3, the system enters a Fault state, and the step 4) is carried out after the alarm is given out to solve the Fault;
4) when the system is normal or the fault level is 1 level, the system enters a Run state after being started, the air metering ratio is 1.6-1.8, and the rotating speed of the air compressor is 1300-1500 rpm;
5) after entering a Run state, setting parameters according to a maximum air metering ratio 3 required by the fuel cell in no-load, wherein the rotating speed of the air compressor is 3000 revolutions per minute;
6) waiting for a loading command, and after receiving the loading command, carrying out rapid loading according to a set power parameter;
7) when the system reaches the target power, the system remains in the output state and continues to wait for the next instruction.
The three levels of fault setting and processing modes are as follows:
the fault with the fault level of 1 is set as a fault with a system parameter deviating from a normal range, but within an allowable operation range, the system is processed in a mode of continuously running under the current condition, and meanwhile, the fault is alarmed and reported to a monitoring system or a field operator;
the fault with the fault level of 2 is set to be a fault of which the system parameter exceeds an acceptable working range, the processing mode is that the fuel cell module is subjected to controllable shutdown, the fault type and the fault level are reported to a monitoring system, the system carries out load reduction and fault processing operation according to the condition, the system can continue to operate after being converted into the fault of level 1, and restart cannot be attempted if the fault cannot be converted into the fault of level 1 until the fault is solved;
and the fault with the fault grade of 3 is set to be that the system parameter exceeds the safe operation range, the processing mode is that the fuel cell module is immediately shut down once, the alarm is given and the fault class is communicated with the fault grade and reported to the monitoring system, and the fault processing is carried out after the system is automatically reduced to 0 until the fault is not required to be restarted before the fault is eliminated.
The starting control method of the fuel cell system of the invention designs the part of fault self-checking, judges the fault grade according to the parameters in the starting process of the fuel cell system and takes corresponding treatment measures, can respond in time when the system is abnormal, effectively protects the system and prolongs the service life of the system; the air metering ratio of the air compressor at the initial starting stage is improved, the rotating speed of the air compressor is further improved, the air compressor is already at a higher rotating speed when a system receives a loading command, the time from 0 loading to 30KW full power is reduced to 9 seconds from 33 seconds, the response speed of the air compressor is greatly improved, the quick loading of the air compressor is realized, the starting time of the fuel cell is greatly shortened, and the use efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, the start control method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is realized by the following steps:
1) powering on the fuel cell system and entering an En state;
2) the fuel cell system enters a 'StandBy' state 3s after being electrified, and the system waits for a starting command at the moment;
3) after receiving a starting command, starting the system, entering a 'Start' state, and returning to a 'StandBy' state if receiving a shutdown command in the starting process; if the system has faults in the starting process and the Fault level is 2-level or 3-level, the system enters a Fault state, and step 4) is carried out after the alarm is given out to solve the faults;
4) when the system is normal or the fault level is 1 level, the system enters a Run state after being started, the air metering ratio is 1.6-1.8, and the rotating speed of the air compressor is 1300-1500 rpm;
5) after entering a 'Run' state, setting parameters according to a maximum air metering ratio 3 required by the fuel cell during no-load, wherein the rotating speed of an air compressor is 3000 r/min;
6) waiting for a loading command, loading according to a set power parameter after receiving the loading command, wherein the air compressor is set to 3000 rpm at the moment, so that the corresponding time from 1500 rpm to 3000 rpm is saved, the system can be quickly loaded, and in the dynamic loading process, the control system calculates the required air metering ratio in real time according to the current instantaneous value in the dynamic process and converts the air metering ratio into the rotating speed, so that the air compressor has a certain lead in the whole loading process of the system, and the quick loading is realized;
7) when the system reaches the target power, the system remains in the output state and continues to wait for the next instruction.
In a preferred embodiment, the three levels of fault setting and processing modes are as follows:
the fault with the fault level of 1 level is set as the condition that the system parameters deviate from the normal range, but within the allowable operation range, the system continues to operate under the current condition in a processing mode, and simultaneously alarms and reports the fault to a monitoring system or field operating personnel;
the fault grade is 2-grade fault, the fault is set to be that the system parameter exceeds the acceptable working range, the processing mode is that the fuel cell module is controlled to stop, the fault type and the fault grade are reported to the monitoring system, the system carries out load reduction and fault processing operation according to the condition, the system can continue to operate after being converted into 1-grade fault, and restart cannot be attempted if the fault cannot be converted into 1-grade fault until the fault is solved;
and the fault with the fault grade of 3 is set to be that the system parameter exceeds the safe operation range, the processing mode is that the fuel cell module is immediately shut down once, the alarm is given and the fault class is communicated with the fault grade and reported to the monitoring system, and the fault processing is carried out after the system is automatically reduced to 0 until the fault is not required to be restarted before the fault is eliminated.
In the specific application process, the setting of the fault level and the corresponding processing mode can be different in details, and the fault level can be set by self according to the parameter condition of the fuel cell system, and the fault level and the corresponding processing mode belong to the protection scope of the invention on the premise of not violating the major principle of the invention.
In this embodiment, three levels of fault expression and processing modes are specifically designed, as shown in the following table, table 1 is a fault level classification mode, and table 2 is a specific fault level processing mode.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Taking the starting process of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell with the full power of 30KW as an example, the control method is compared with the control method which is not adopted, and the loading curve chart is shown in FIG. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the abscissa is the time required for loading, the unit is second, the ordinate is the power for starting and operating the system, the unit is kilowatt, the curve 1 is the loading rate using the control method of the present invention, and the curve 2 is the loading rate without using the control method of the present invention, it can be clearly seen that the curve 1 is loaded to full power of 30 kilowatts from 1, the loading time is 9 seconds, the loading time of the curve 2 is 33 seconds, and the difference of the loading times is very large, and it can be seen that the control method of the present invention has significant effect.
The invention subdivides the fault grade into 3 grades, as can be seen from the fault table 1, the faults of grade 1 and grade 2 are slight faults, when the system has 1 grade fault, the processing mode is to maintain the system to continue to operate under the current state, alarm and report the fault to the monitoring system or the operator, and the fault processing can be carried out after the system operates or in the operating process without influencing the start of the system; when a 2-level fault occurs, the monitoring system controls the air compressor to gradually reduce the load and simultaneously sends an alarm, when the load is reduced to a certain power value, if the 2-level fault is converted into a 1-level fault, the continuous operation of the system is not influenced, and if the load is reduced, the 2-level fault still cannot be repaired, the system is shut down and is processed, and the operation cannot be restarted unless the fault is relieved; when a 3-level fault occurs, the system automatically reduces the load to '0' and stops running, fault processing is carried out until the fault processing is completed, and otherwise, the running can not be restarted.
The following describes the start-up operation process of the present invention specifically by taking the embodiment shown in fig. 1 as an example:
1) powering up the fuel cell system and entering an En state;
2) entering a main state StandBy 3 seconds after the system is powered on and no reset command is given;
3) after receiving a starting command, entering a starting state Startup, and if receiving a shutdown name in the starting process, returning to the standby state; if the 2-level or 3-level Fault is reported in the starting process, directly entering a Fault state Fault; skipping to a running state Run when the state is starting completion;
4) when a 3-level fault occurs in the operation process, directly entering a fault state without load reduction, and then entering a Shutdown purging state Shutdown; receiving a Shutdown command or having a 2-level fault, entering a Load reduction Shutdown process, and entering a Shutdown purging state Shutdown when the Load reduction is completed or the system has a 3-level fault;
5) detecting that a 3-level fault directly enters a fault 8 state Err in the shutdown purging process, wherein external reset or power-on recovery is needed at the moment, and jumping out of the fault state after receiving an external reset command to clear the fault and entering an En state; after shutdown purging is completed, and a Fault 7 state Fault is entered when a level 2 Fault occurs, the shutdown command in the state is reset to 1 and can be recovered, after the level 2 Fault is shut down, the startup command is reset to 1 and then returns to a StandBy state StandBy, and the startup state is restarted; returning to the StandBy state StandBy when shutdown purging is completed and the fault level is less than or equal to 1; the startup state is resumed.
In summary, the invention has significant advantages in terms of fault self-checking and processing modes, and when the system has slight fault of level 1 or level 2, the system can still keep running, so that the normal use of the client is not influenced, and the influence of the user side is reduced as much as possible. When the 2-level fault cannot be converted into the 1-level fault and continuously operates, the system is stopped to process the fault, when the 3-level fault occurs, the system is immediately stopped, the fuel cell system is effectively protected, the quick loading function of the fuel cell air compressor is combined, the use efficiency and the service life of the fuel cell are improved to the maximum extent, the use experience of a user is optimized, the waste of resources such as manpower is reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.