CN111709136B - Method for calculating insulation aging degree of power transformer under different external environment temperatures - Google Patents
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/04—Ageing analysis or optimisation against ageing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
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- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating insulation aging degree of a power transformer under different external environment temperatures, which is based on an actual structure of an oil immersed transformer, and is characterized in that a temperature field model of the transformer is established by considering heat conduction between a winding and an iron core, convective heat exchange between the winding and the iron core and radiation heat exchange between an oil tank and air, and according to different environment temperatures, the service life of the transformer is predicted on the basis of influence of the environment temperatures on hot spots of the transformer, so that the relative service life loss rate of the transformer under different environments is obtained, and the insulation aging degree of the transformer is obtained. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: s1: on the basis of a three-dimensional physical model of the oil immersed transformer, a temperature rise model of the transformer is established; s2: analyzing the change condition of the hot spot of the transformer according to the different environmental temperatures; s3: a method for predicting the life of a transformer based on the influence of the temperature of a computing environment on the hot spot of the transformer is analyzed; s4: and analyzing the process that the service life of the budget and the relative aging rate follow the temperature change to obtain the relative life loss rate of the transformer at different environment temperatures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of research on service life of electrical equipment, and relates to a method for calculating insulation aging degree of a power transformer at different external environment temperatures.
Background
The biggest factor that power transformer influences its operating condition in the reality work is the heating and insulating problem, and the temperature rise is the important reference of measuring whether transformer safety and stability. The oil immersed transformer load guideline indicates that the main factor limiting the load carrying capacity of the transformer is the highest temperature value reached when the transformer is running, so this temperature value and where it occurs should be described as accurately as possible. It has been shown that the life expectancy of a transformer is inversely proportional to the temperature of the hot spot of the exponentially increasing transformer windings, i.e. the higher the hot spot temperature the shorter the life expectancy of the transformer. Aging of the insulating material of the power transformer is mainly related to temperature, humidity, degradation in transformer oil and oxygen. Considering that the transformer can work under different external environments, it is necessary to discuss the insulation aging degree of the transformer under different external environment temperatures, and the service life of the transformer can be predicted, so that people can work more safely, and accidents caused by aging are effectively prevented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating insulation aging degree of a power transformer under different external environment temperatures, which is based on an actual structure of an oil immersed transformer, and is characterized in that a temperature field model of the transformer is established by considering heat conduction between a winding and an iron core, convective heat exchange between the winding and the iron core and transformer oil and radiation heat exchange between an oil tank and air, and the service life of the transformer is predicted on the basis of influence of the environment temperature on hot spots of the transformer according to different environment temperatures, so that the relative service life loss rate of the transformer under different environments is obtained.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
s1: on the basis of a three-dimensional physical model of the oil immersed transformer, a temperature rise model of the transformer is established;
s2: analyzing the change condition of the hot spot of the transformer according to the different environmental temperatures;
s3: a method for predicting the life of a transformer based on the influence of the temperature of a computing environment on the hot spot of the transformer is analyzed;
s4: analyzing the process that the service life of the budget and the relative aging rate follow the temperature change to obtain the relative life loss rate of the transformer at different environmental temperatures;
further, step S1 is specifically to add a solid heat transfer model and a laminar flow model on the three-dimensional physical basis of the oil immersed transformer, so as to build a model of transformer temperature rise. The solid heat transfer winding comprises heat conduction among solids, and convective heat transfer should be considered, so a fluid domain control equation needs to be introduced, as shown in the following formula:
the natural oil circulation transformer mainly relies on natural flow caused by thermal buoyancy to dissipate heat, and according to a large number of experiments, it is known that the Reynolds number is related to the fluid density, the fluid flow rate, the fluid dynamic viscosity and the pipe diameter, and is a dimensionless number for distinguishing the fluid flow state, when the Reynolds number of the fluid is smaller than 2300, the laminar flow state is maintained, and when the Reynolds number is larger than 2300, the turbulent flow state is maintained.
For a natural oil circulation oil immersed power transformer, the flow rate of transformer oil is low, and the natural oil circulation oil immersed power transformer belongs to a laminar flow model, and can be used for converting oil flow into incompressible fluid in engineering:
wherein: mu is the dynamic viscosity of the transformer oil; ρ is the density of transformer oil;is the principal stress tensor.
The step S2 specifically includes analyzing the change condition of the transformer hot spot according to the difference of the ambient temperature: the oil-immersed power transformer works under different environmental temperatures, and the heat dissipation conditions of the oil tank wall and the radiator are changed by changing the environmental temperatures, so that the temperature rise inside the oil-immersed power transformer is affected.
Taking a 50MVA/110kV oil immersed power transformer as an example, through an established transformer temperature rise model, under the same structural design and heat source conditions, the temperature rises of the transformer iron core and the low-voltage winding are compared and analyzed under the rated working conditions, wherein the ambient temperatures are 263.15K,268.15K,273.15K,278.15K,283.15K,288.15K,293.15K,298.15K and 303.15K.
The distribution trend that the temperature is not influenced by changing the ambient temperature under the same heat source and condition only influences the temperature rise, hot spots of the windings appear on the low-voltage windings, the calculated hot spot temperatures and average temperatures of the iron core and the low-voltage windings are listed, and influences of different ambient temperatures on the hot spot temperatures and average temperatures of the iron core and the windings of the oil-immersed power transformer are analyzed by comparison.
According to Newton's law of cooling and the St.Van Boltzmann radiation law, the larger the temperature difference is, the more favorable the heat dissipation is, and the temperature of the iron core, the hot spot temperature of the winding and the average temperature rise along with the rise of the ambient temperature.
Step S3 is specifically a method for analyzing the predicted life of the transformer based on the influence of the computing environment temperature on the hot spot of the transformer. Comprehensive domestic and foreign researches on insulation aging of transformers are carried out, and the temperature is the largest influencing factor of the insulation aging. There is currently no established, simple criteria to calculate the life of a transformer, typically determined by life expectancy. It has been shown that the life expectancy of a transformer is inversely proportional to the hot spot temperature of the transformer windings, i.e. the higher the hot spot temperature, the shorter the life expectancy of the transformer. In the range of 80-140 ℃, the life expectancy of the transformer can be expressed as:
z＝Ae -Pθ
wherein z is the expected life of the transformer; a is a constant related to the composition of the material and the moisture and free oxygen in the insulation; p is the temperature coefficient, independent of the fiber quality.
From the calculation of the normal life expectancy of the transformer:
z N ＝Ae -P×98
by z/z N Indicating the relative life expectancy at any temperature:
the relative aging rate is:
v＝e P(θ-98)
wherein θ is an arbitrary temperature.
According to the law of thermal ageing, when the temperature of the winding is lower than 80 ℃, the loss of the mechanical strength and the electrical strength of the insulation of the transformer is very small and can be ignored, the relative ageing rate of the winding is 0.125 when the temperature of the winding is equal to 80 ℃, and the ageing rate is increased by times when the temperature of the winding is increased by 6 ℃, namely, the relative ageing rate of the winding is 0.25 when the temperature of the winding is 86 ℃, and the insulation ageing rates at all temperatures are analogized.
Step S4 is specifically to analyze the process that the service life of budget and the relative aging rate follow the temperature change, and obtain the relative life loss rate of the transformer at different environmental temperatures; in general, when designing a transformer, it is considered that the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the reference value of the hot spot temperature is 98 ℃, the life expectancy of the transformer is 20 to 30 years, and the insulation aging rate is assumed to be 1. The life of a transformer is considered to be terminated when the mechanical strength of the transformer insulation is reduced to 15% to 20% of its nominal value. The degree of aging of a transformer is often described in engineering terms of relative life expectancy and relative aging rate.
The transformer is influenced by the ambient temperature and the load fluctuation in the operation process, the temperature of the winding hot spot is greatly changed, the transformer is rapidly aged when the temperature is higher than 98 ℃, the aging speed is very slow when the temperature is lower than 98 ℃, and if the two parts compensate each other, namely the service life lost in a period of time is equal to the service life lost in the same period of time when the temperature of the winding hot spot is 98 ℃, the service life loss caused by the temperature change of the winding in the period of time can be considered to be equal to the service life loss when the temperature of the winding is constant at 98 ℃.
The equivalent aging principle can be expressed as:
wherein T is a time interval; c is a constant.
The aging degree, namely the life loss at each moment can be obtained by quantifying the time in the above formula.
Transformer relative life loss ratio V:
wherein ,θcr For temperature at rated load, θ c Is the winding hot spot temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can obtain the insulation aging degree of the power transformer at different environmental temperatures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a computational logic diagram of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hot spot temperatures of iron core and winding at different ambient temperatures according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing average temperatures of the iron core and the low-voltage winding at different ambient temperatures
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the hot spot and average temperature of the low-voltage winding of the present invention according to the ambient temperature
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the insulation aging rate with temperature according to the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the temperature of the hot spot in the transformer according to the present invention
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relative life loss rate of the transformer at different ambient temperatures according to the present invention
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating insulation aging degree of a power transformer under different external environment temperatures, which is based on an actual structure of an oil immersed transformer, and is characterized in that a temperature field model of the transformer is established by considering heat conduction between a winding and an iron core, convective heat exchange between the winding and the iron core and radiation heat exchange between an oil tank and air, and the service life of the transformer is predicted on the basis of influence of the environment temperature on hot spots of the transformer according to different environment temperatures, so that the relative service life loss rate of the transformer under different environments is obtained. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. on the basis of a three-dimensional physical model of an oil immersed transformer, a temperature rise model of the transformer is established
On the three-dimensional physical basis of the oil immersed transformer, a solid heat transfer model and a laminar flow model are added, so that a transformer temperature rise model is established. The solid heat transfer winding comprises heat conduction among solids, and convective heat transfer should be considered, so a fluid domain control equation needs to be introduced, as shown in the following formula:
the natural oil circulation transformer mainly relies on natural flow caused by thermal buoyancy to dissipate heat, and according to a large number of experiments, it is known that the Reynolds number is related to the fluid density, the fluid flow rate, the fluid dynamic viscosity and the pipe diameter, and is a dimensionless number for distinguishing the fluid flow state, when the Reynolds number of the fluid is smaller than 2300, the laminar flow state is maintained, and when the Reynolds number is larger than 2300, the turbulent flow state is maintained.
For a natural oil circulation oil immersed power transformer, the flow rate of transformer oil is low, and the natural oil circulation oil immersed power transformer belongs to a laminar flow model, and can be used for converting oil flow into incompressible fluid in engineering:
wherein: mu is the dynamic viscosity of the transformer oil; ρ is the density of transformer oil;is the principal stress tensor.
2. Analyzing the change condition of the hot spot of the transformer according to the different environmental temperatures
The oil-immersed power transformer works under different environmental temperatures, and the heat dissipation conditions of the oil tank wall and the radiator are changed by changing the environmental temperatures, so that the temperature rise inside the oil-immersed power transformer is affected. As shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Taking a 50MVA/110kV oil immersed power transformer as an example, through an established transformer temperature rise model, under the same structural design and heat source conditions, the temperature rises of the transformer iron core and the low-voltage winding are compared and analyzed under the rated working conditions, wherein the ambient temperatures are 263.15K,268.15K,273.15K,278.15K,283.15K,288.15K,293.15K,298.15K and 303.15K.
The distribution trend that the temperature is not influenced by changing the ambient temperature under the same heat source and condition only influences the temperature rise, hot spots of the windings appear on the low-voltage windings, the calculated hot spot temperatures and average temperatures of the iron core and the low-voltage windings are listed, and influences of different ambient temperatures on the hot spot temperatures and average temperatures of the iron core and the windings of the oil-immersed power transformer are analyzed by comparison.
From newton's law of cooling and the law of stoneley boltzmann radiation, it is known that the larger the temperature difference, the more advantageous the heat dissipation, and as the ambient temperature increases, the core, winding hot spot temperature and average temperature all rise as shown in fig. 3.
3. Method for predicting service life of transformer based on influence of computing environment temperature on hot spot of transformer
Comprehensive domestic and foreign researches on insulation aging of transformers are carried out, and the temperature is the largest influencing factor of the insulation aging. There is currently no established, simple criteria to calculate the life of a transformer, typically determined by life expectancy. It has been shown that the life expectancy of a transformer is inversely proportional to the hot spot temperature of the transformer windings, i.e. the higher the hot spot temperature, the shorter the life expectancy of the transformer. In the range of 80-140 ℃, the life expectancy of the transformer can be expressed as:
z＝Ae -Pθ
wherein z is the expected life of the transformer; a is a constant related to the composition of the material and the moisture and free oxygen in the insulation; p is the temperature coefficient, independent of the fiber quality.
From the calculation of the normal life expectancy of the transformer:
z N ＝Ae -P×98
by z/z N Indicating the relative life expectancy at any temperature:
the relative aging rate is:
v＝e P(θ-98)
wherein θ is an arbitrary temperature.
From the law of thermal ageing, it is known that when the winding temperature is lower than 80 ℃, the loss of mechanical strength and electrical strength of insulation of the transformer is very small and can be ignored, the relative ageing rate is 0.125 when the winding temperature is equal to 80 ℃, and when the winding temperature is increased by 6 ℃, the ageing rate is increased by times, namely, the relative ageing rate is 0.25 when the winding temperature is 86 ℃, and the insulation ageing rates at all temperatures are analogized as shown in fig. 4. It is obvious that the heat spot temperature rises very fast at the insulating aging rate of 120-140 ℃, so that the service life of the transformer is rapidly lost when the heat spot temperature of the winding is at a temperature exceeding the design value for a long time.
4. Analyzing the process that the service life of the budget and the relative aging rate follow the temperature change to obtain the relative life loss rate of the transformer at different environmental temperatures;
in general, when designing a transformer, it is considered that the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the reference value of the hot spot temperature is 98 ℃, the life expectancy of the transformer is 20 to 30 years, and the insulation aging rate is assumed to be 1. The life of a transformer is considered to be terminated when the mechanical strength of the transformer insulation is reduced to 15% to 20% of its nominal value. The degree of aging of a transformer is often described in engineering terms of relative life expectancy and relative aging rate.
The transformer is influenced by the ambient temperature and the load fluctuation in the operation process, the temperature of the winding hot spot is greatly changed, the transformer is rapidly aged when the temperature is higher than 98 ℃, the aging speed is very slow when the temperature is lower than 98 ℃, and if the two parts compensate each other, namely the service life lost in a period of time is equal to the service life lost in the same period of time when the temperature of the winding hot spot is 98 ℃, the service life loss caused by the temperature change of the winding in the period of time can be considered to be equal to the service life loss when the temperature of the winding is constant at 98 ℃.
The equivalent aging principle can be expressed as:
wherein T is a time interval; c is a constant.
The aging degree, namely the life loss at each moment can be obtained by quantifying the time in the above formula.
Transformer relative life loss ratio V:
wherein ,θcr For temperature at rated load, θ c Is the winding hot spot temperature.
The change in the temperature of the hot spot with ambient temperature is shown in fig. 5. The relative loss of life of the transformer as the calculated ambient temperature increases at 5 deg.c intervals is shown in fig. 6. According to the method for calculating the service life loss rate of the transformer by the environmental temperature, the relative service life loss rate can be calculated according to the daily average air temperature change curve of the actual operation of the transformer, and the daily average insulation aging time can be obtained by multiplying the relative service life loss rate by the time.
The above preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and not restrictive, and various changes in form, details, alterations, or optimizations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope defined in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for calculating insulation aging of a power transformer at different ambient temperatures, comprising:
s1: on the basis of a three-dimensional physical model of the oil immersed transformer, a temperature rise model of the transformer is established;
s2: analyzing the hot spot change condition of the oil immersed transformer according to different environmental temperatures;
s3: analyzing and predicting the service life of the transformer on the basis of calculating the influence of the environmental temperature on the hot spot of the oil-immersed transformer;
s4: and analyzing and predicting the process of the life and the relative aging rate of the transformer along with the temperature change to obtain the relative life loss rate of the transformer at different environmental temperatures.
2. The method for calculating insulation aging degree of power transformer at different external environment temperatures according to claim 1, wherein step S1 is specifically: on the basis of a three-dimensional basic physical model of the oil immersed transformer, a temperature field model of the transformer is established by considering heat conduction between a winding and an iron core, convective heat exchange between the winding and the transformer oil of the iron core and radiation heat exchange between an oil tank and air.
3. The method for calculating insulation aging degree of power transformer under different external environment temperatures according to claim 1, wherein step S2 is specifically that the oil-immersed transformer works under different environment temperatures, and the change of the environment temperature changes the heat dissipation conditions of the oil tank wall and the radiator, so as to influence the temperature rise inside the oil-immersed transformer.
4. The method for calculating insulation aging degree of power transformer under different external environment temperatures according to claim 1, wherein step S3 is specifically a method for predicting life of transformer based on the influence of the temperature of the environment on hot spot of the transformer, wherein the temperature is the most influencing factor of insulation aging;
the service life of the variable oil-immersed transformer is inversely proportional to the hot spot temperature of the transformer winding, and the higher the hot spot temperature is, the shorter the service life of the variable oil-immersed transformer is;
in the range of 80-140 ℃, the relation between the expected service life of the oil-immersed transformer and the hot spot temperature can be expressed as follows:
wherein z is the expected life of the transformer; a is a constant related to the composition of the material and the moisture and free oxygen in the insulation; p is a temperature coefficient, independent of fiber quality;
calculating the normal life expectancy of the oil immersed transformer:
by usingIndicating the relative life expectancy at any temperature:
the relative aging rate is:
wherein θ is an arbitrary temperature.
5. The method for calculating insulation aging degree of power transformer under different external environment temperatures according to claim 4, wherein step S4 is specifically that the aging degree of the oil-immersed transformer is described in engineering by using relative life expectancy and relative aging rate, and the process of predicting the life of the oil-immersed transformer and the relative aging rate along with temperature change is analyzed to obtain the relative life loss rate of the oil-immersed transformer under different environment temperatures;
relative life loss ratio V of oil immersed transformer:
wherein ,for the temperature under rated load, +.>Is the winding hot spot temperature.
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| CN112698161B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-09-28 | 西南交通大学 | Method for predicting residual life of oil-paper insulation of traction transformer bushing |
| CN113704968A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | Method and device for evaluating insulation aging of oil-immersed distribution transformer |
| CN113552438B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2024-04-05 | 国网山东省电力公司威海供电公司 | Method for predicting load capacity of transformer |
| CN115840895B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-05-03 | 江苏常胜电器(淮安)有限公司 | Electronic device temperature protection system |
| CN116413541A (en) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-07-11 | 国网山东省电力公司德州供电公司 | Transformer state sensing method based on digital twin and closed loop optimization |
| CN116430182B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-12-05 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Evaluation method for insulation ageing resistance of dry-type distribution transformer winding |
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