CN111708023A - Phase inconsistency correction method and imaging system for millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array - Google Patents
Phase inconsistency correction method and imaging system for millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array Download PDFInfo
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- CN111708023A CN111708023A CN202010840929.0A CN202010840929A CN111708023A CN 111708023 A CN111708023 A CN 111708023A CN 202010840929 A CN202010840929 A CN 202010840929A CN 111708023 A CN111708023 A CN 111708023A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
- G01S7/4056—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes specially adapted to FMCW
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
Abstract
A phase inconsistency correction method and an imaging system of a millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array are disclosed, wherein a target echo signal is recorded by the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array; taking a metal flat plate as a reference target, and recording an echo signal of the reference target; combining the size and the position of the metal flat plate and the array element distribution mode of the millimeter wave multiple-transmitting and multiple-receiving linear arrays, and obtaining a simulation echo signal of the metal flat plate under the same scene by adopting electromagnetic calculation software; and compensating the target echo signal by using the reference target echo signal and the simulation echo signal to obtain a target echo signal with corrected phase inconsistency, wherein the corrected target echo signal is directly used for imaging and reconstructing the target. The invention adopts the metal flat echo signal simulated by the electromagnetic calculation software as the compensation data of the distance recovery, does not need to calculate the real distance to be compensated, can directly recover the real imaging geometric relation under the multi-transmission multi-receiving sparse array imaging scene, and ensures the imaging quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar signal processing, and particularly relates to a phase inconsistency correction method and an imaging system for a millimeter wave multi-sending and multi-receiving linear array.
Background
Millimeter waves generally refer to electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 30GHz and 300GHz (corresponding to a wavelength of 1mm-10 mm), and are the most popular electromagnetic spectrum studied in recent years. Compared with the electromagnetic wave of microwave and lower frequency band, the millimeter wave radar has higher carrier frequency and shorter wavelength, and is easier to realize radar signals with large bandwidth, thereby realizing the imaging with higher distance and azimuth resolution, and having great application prospect in the fields of safety inspection, nondestructive detection and the like.
In recent years, with the major breakthrough of millimeter wave sources and detection devices, millimeter wave security inspection imaging systems have been developed by a plurality of domestic and foreign research institutions, and can be mainly classified into two categories according to array structures: quasi-single-station array imaging systems and sparse multi-station array imaging systems. The transmitting array element interval and the receiving array element interval of the quasi-single station array imaging system are uniform, and the transmitting and receiving linear arrays are staggered at half array element intervals left and right to form quasi-single station distribution. The array system has the advantages that the omni-directional beam coverage on a target can be realized, the system structure and the imaging algorithm are simple, but the number of array element channels is large, and the cost is high. The transmitting array elements and the receiving array elements of the sparse multistation array imaging system are sparsely distributed according to a certain design rule, and the same functions as those of the standard multistation array imaging system can be realized by using less array element numbers through equivalent array element center distribution or adopting a corresponding sparse array imaging algorithm, so that the hardware cost and the system power consumption are greatly reduced, and the method is the mainstream development trend of the current millimeter wave imaging system.
For the millimeter wave array imaging system, due to the influence of device manufacturing differences and the electrical size length of a transmission channel, the same source signal passes through different transmitting channels and receiving channels, and the initial phases of the corresponding radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal are often inconsistent. This inconsistent phase disrupts the lateral doppler information of the echo of the target recorded by the array, which in turn causes the imaging result to be defocused and even blurred. For the conventional standard billIn a millimeter wave array system, a metal flat plate is usually adopted as a reference target to correct phase inconsistency, and then the linear distance between the metal flat plate and a linear array is compensated so as to restore the real imaging geometric relationship. For a multi-transmitting and multi-receiving sparse array, a certain distance exists between the transmitting and receiving array elements, so that the quasi-single station approximately fails, after the metal flat plate is adopted as a reference target to correct the inconsistency of the phase, the distance needing to be compensated is larger than the distance between the metal flat plate and the linear array, and the distance needing to be compensated between the transmitting and receiving array elements is accurately calculated at the moment, so that great difficulty exists. Taking a four-transmitting eight-receiving linear array as an example, the array elements are distributed as shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, the circle is a receiving array element, the cross mark is a transmitting array element, and the total length of the linear array is 0.17 meter. The millimeter wave system works in a superheterodyne mode, the transmitted signal is a broadband linear frequency modulation signal, and the pulse width isT P . The four transmitting array elements transmit the signal in turn, and the time interval of the transmitting signal between the array elements isT A (T A >T P ) When each array element transmits signals, the eight receiving channels are synchronously started to simultaneously receive echo signals of a target, so that the coherence among the signals is ensured. Due to the influences of horizontal difference of devices such as antennas and the like and inconsistent electrical size lengths of transmission channels, the same source signal passes through different transmitting channels and receiving channels, and the corresponding initial phases of the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal have certain difference. The inconsistent phase can destroy the true lateral Doppler information of the target echo recorded by the array, and the imaging result is defocused and even blurred.
At present, most of millimeter wave sparse linear arrays in documents are obtained by scanning one transmitting channel and one receiving channel equivalently, and the problem of phase inconsistency among the channels does not exist at the moment. For the phase inconsistency of the real-aperture multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array, the phase difference between channels can be measured through a measuring means, the phase difference is subjected to pre-compensation processing in practical application, certain errors can be avoided in measurement, and when the number of the transmitting and receiving array elements is large, the workload is huge, and accurate measurement is not easy to realize. In the prior art, a small metal ball is also used as a reference target to correct the initial phase of the system, and the correction method is only suitable for imaging scenes with the array length far less than the distance between the reference target and the imaging target, and the distance between the array element and the reference target does not need to be further compensated. This approach is not applicable when the array size is comparable to the target distance. In addition, the metal balls belong to a sliding type scattering center, and the double-station scattering intensity of the metal balls is very weak, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of reference data is low, and a new error phase is introduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of inconsistent phases of array element channels in practical application of a millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array imaging system, the invention provides a method for correcting the phase inconsistency of a millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array and the imaging system, and the imaging performance of the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array is ensured.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the phase inconsistency correction method of the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array comprises the following steps:
(1) target echo signal recorded by millimeter wave multi-sending and multi-receiving linear arrayS r 。
(2) The method comprises the steps of recording echo signals of a metal flat plate as reference targets by using the metal flat plate as the reference targets, wherein the metal flat plate is parallel to a scanning plane of a millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array, and using the echo signals as reference target echo signals with inconsistent phasesS ref ；
(3) Obtaining the simulation echo signal of the metal flat plate under the same scene as the step (2) by utilizing the simulation of electromagnetic calculation softwareS fek The same scene means that the array element distribution, the system working frequency, the size and the setting position of the metal flat plate in the simulation are the same as those in the step (2);
(4) using reference target echo signalsS ref And simulating echo signalsS fek To the target echo signalS r Compensating to obtain target echo signal with corrected phase inconsistencyS t_comp ，
。
As a preferable scheme, the millimeter wave multiple-sending and multiple-receiving linear array is a four-sending and eight-receiving millimeter wave multiple-sending and multiple-receiving linear array.
As a preferred scheme, the millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array sequentially transmits broadband frequency modulation continuous waves.
As a preferable scheme, the metal flat plate set in step (2) of the present invention needs to satisfy the condition that the main lobe beam of the transmitting array element in the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter-multiple-receiver linear array cannot irradiate the edge of the metal flat plate.
Preferably, in the step (3), electromagnetic scattering echo signals of the metal flat plate under the same scene as the step (2) are obtained by utilizing an electromagnetic calculation software FEKO simulation.
As a preferred scheme, in step (1) of the present invention, a millimeter wave multiple-transmitter multiple-receiver linear array is used to record a target echo signal, wherein an expression of the target echo signal of any transceiver array element combination in the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter multiple-receiver linear array is as follows:
In the step (2), the transmission distance between any receiving and transmitting array elements in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array is set asR ref_mn The expression of the reference target echo signal of any receiving and transmitting array element combination in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array is as follows:
whereinσ mn Corresponds to the firstmA transmitting array element antenna for transmitting signals andnthe scattering intensity of the metal plate when the receiving array element antenna receives signals.
In step (3), the electromagnetic scattering echo signal of the metal plate combined by any receiving and transmitting array element in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array obtained by the simulation of the electromagnetic calculation software has the expression:
in step (4) of the invention, the target echo signal after phase inconsistency correctionS t_comp And the target echo signal expression of any receiving and transmitting array element combination in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array after correction is as follows:
the invention also provides a millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array imaging system, and the target echo signal after phase inconsistency correction is obtained by adopting the phase inconsistency correction method of the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array for imaging and reconstructing the target.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the metal flat plate as the reference target to record the echo signal of the reference target, and measures the linear distance from the metal flat plate to the millimeter wave multiple-receiving linear array after the echo signal of the reference target is recorded. After the linear distance is obtained, electromagnetic scattering echo signals of the metal flat plate under the same scene can be obtained by adopting electromagnetic calculation software simulation in combination with the size of the metal flat plate and the array element distribution mode of the millimeter wave multiple-transmitting and multiple-receiving linear array, and the phase information of the electromagnetic calculation data result contains the reference target distance to be compensated. In addition, the amplitude information of the electromagnetic calculation data result corresponds to the real electromagnetic scattering intensity of the metal flat plate, and the compensation of the offset distance and the scattering intensity inconsistency introduced by the reference target can be simultaneously realized by utilizing the electromagnetic calculation data result. The method provided by the invention is the most accurate phase inconsistency correction method of the millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array.
The method does not need to fussy measure the numerical value of the phase inconsistency of the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array. When a smooth metal flat plate is taken as a reference target, the offset distance introduced into the reference target is compensated and recovered through accurate electromagnetic calculation data under the same scene, and the compensation distance of the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter-multiple-receiver linear array under the complex geometric relationship between the array element distribution and the reference target does not need to be calculated. On the other hand, the invention provides that the metal flat echo signal simulated by the electromagnetic calculation software is used as compensation data for distance recovery, the real distance to be compensated does not need to be calculated, the real imaging geometric relation under the multi-transmission multi-reception sparse array imaging scene can be directly recovered, and the imaging quality of the system is further ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-shot eight-wire array element distribution;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of imaging geometry for a four-transmit eight-receive array;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the echo distance of a metal plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a FEKO electromagnetic computation scenario;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a phase inconsistency correction method for a millimeter wave multi-transmitter and multi-receiver linear array, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, acquiring the target broadband echo.
The embodiment is directed to a broadband radar system, and the millimeter wave array radar sequentially transmits broadband frequency modulation continuous waves.
Taking a millimeter wave multi-sending and multi-receiving linear array with four sending and eight receiving as an example, the imaging geometrical relationship is shown in fig. 2. The transmission signal at any position of the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter-multiple-receiver linear array has the following pattern.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,tin order to be a short time from the distance,T P for the pulse width of a frequency modulated continuous wave radar,f c is the carrier frequency of the radar,γin order to adjust the frequency of the frequency,rect () represents a square pulse. Let the coordinates be: (x p ,y p ,z p ) The distances between the point target and the transmitting array element antenna and the receiving array element antenna are respectivelyR TmAndR Rn whereinmIn order to transmit the serial number of the array element,nis the received array element sequence number. Scattering coefficient of the target ofσ(x p ,y p ,z p ) The echo of any transmit-receive array element combination can be written as:
where c is the speed of light, exp represents an exponential function with e as the base,jrepresents an imaginary unit of a position ofx Tm ,z) The distance between the transmitting array element antenna and the target is
In the position of: (x Rn ,z) The distance between the transmitting array element antenna and the target is
。
The method comprises the following steps that a transmitting signal is used as a local oscillator signal, a system receives an obtained target echo signal in a line-off tone modulation mode, and after a video phase item is eliminated and an envelope of the signal is ignored, an echo signal expression of any transmitting and receiving array element combination is as follows:
can also be expressed as
Wherein
. The above is a broadband echo signal of a target under an ideal condition, for an actual sparse array imaging system, phase inconsistency exists among different channels, and a target echo signal of any receiving and transmitting array element combination in an actual millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array can be expressed as
Whereinθ m Is as followsmThe additional phase of each of the transmit array element antennas,
is as followsnAdditional phases of the individual receive element antennas.
And S2, acquiring the reference target broadband echo.
The reference target is a metal flat plate, which is arranged parallel to the scanning plane of the sparse linear array in FIG. 2, and has distance coordinates ofy ref . The size of the metal flat plate needs to ensure that the wave beams of any transmitting antenna in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array cannot irradiate the edge of the metal flat plate. According to the mirror reflection theorem, the echo signal of the metal flat plate obtained by each group of transmitting and receiving array elements only has a fixed distance. Taking an arbitrary set of transceiving array elements as an example, the distance diagram is shown in fig. 3. The angle between the incident wave and the horizontal plane is the same as the angle between the reflected wave and the horizontal plane, and at the moment, the receiving array element can receive the echo signal of the corresponding transmitting array element after being scattered by the metal flat plate.
Irrespective of electromagnetic wave transmissionThe distance of the route is set as the transmission distance between any transmitting and receiving array elementsR ref_mn The reference target echo signal of any receiving and transmitting array element combination in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array can be expressed as
Whereinσ mn Corresponds to the firstmA transmitting array element antenna for transmitting signals andnthe scattering intensity of the metal plate when the receiving array element antenna receives signals.
S3, simulating the scattering echo of the metal flat plate under the scene completely the same as that in the figure 3 by utilizing the electromagnetic calculation software FEKO, wherein the simulation scene is shown in the figure 4. The arrow is the position of the transmitting array element, the cross mark is the position of the receiving array element, the target is a pure metal flat plate, the electromagnetic scattering echo of the target is calculated by adopting a physical optical method, a transmitting signal of the transmitting array element can be obtained by single calculation, and echo signals received by 8 receiving array elements are received simultaneously. The PRE file can change the position of the transmitting array element, and the echo signal of the complete sparse array can be obtained through multiple times of calculation.
When the electromagnetic calculation software calculates the target scattering data, the simulation conditions are all in ideal conditions, and the problem of inconsistent phase among channels does not exist. At this time, the electromagnetic scattering echo signal of the metal plate combined by any receiving and transmitting array element in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array can be expressed as:
s4, compensating the echo signal of the target by using the reference data and the electromagnetic calculation data to obtain
At this time, the phase inconsistency among the channels of the millimeter wave multi-transmission multi-receiving linear array is corrected.
Example 2:
the present embodiment provides a millimeter wave multi-transmitter and multi-receiver linear array imaging system, which obtains a target echo signal after phase inconsistency correction by using the phase inconsistency correction method for a millimeter wave multi-transmitter and multi-receiver linear array described in embodiment 1, where the corrected target echo signal is directly used for imaging and reconstructing a target.
In summary, although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The phase inconsistency correction method of the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) target echo signal recorded by millimeter wave multi-sending and multi-receiving linear array
；
(2) The method comprises the steps of recording echo signals of a metal flat plate as reference targets by using the metal flat plate as the reference targets, wherein the metal flat plate is parallel to a scanning plane of a millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array, and using the echo signals as reference target echo signals with inconsistent phasesS ref ；
(3) Obtaining the simulation echo signal of the metal flat plate under the same scene as the step (2) by utilizing the simulation of electromagnetic calculation softwareS fek Wherein the same scene refers to the array element distribution of the millimeter wave multiple-emitting and multiple-receiving linear array, the working frequency of the system and the ruler of the metal flat plate in simulationThe inch and the arrangement position are the same as those in the step (2);
(4) using reference target echo signalsS ref And simulating echo signalsS fek To the target echo signalS r Compensating to obtain target echo signal with corrected phase inconsistencyS t_comp ，
。
2. The method for correcting the phase inconsistency of the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiver linear arrays according to claim 1, wherein the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiver linear arrays are four-transmitter and eight-receiver millimeter wave multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiver linear arrays.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the millimeter wave multi-transmitter and multi-receiver arrays sequentially transmit wideband frequency modulated continuous waves.
4. The method for correcting the phase inconsistency of the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiver linear arrays according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the size of the metal plate set in the step (2) is required to meet the requirement that the main lobe beam of the transmitting array elements in the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiver linear arrays cannot irradiate the edge of the metal plate.
5. The method for correcting the phase inconsistency of the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter-multiple-receiver array as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (3), electromagnetic scattering echo signals of the metal flat plate under the same scene as in the step (2) are obtained by utilizing an electromagnetic calculation software FEKO simulation.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step (1), the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter multiple-receiver linear array is used to record a target echo signal, and the expression of the target echo signal of any transceiver array element combination in the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter multiple-receiver linear array is:
wherein the coordinates are (x p ,y p ,z p ) The distances between the point target and the transmitting array element antenna and the receiving array element antenna in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array are respectivelyR TmAndR Rn whereinmIn order to transmit the serial number of the array element antenna,nfor receiving the antenna serial number of the array element, the scattering coefficient of the target isσ(x p ,y p ,z p ) In the position of: (x Tm ,z) The distance between the transmitting array element antenna and the target is
In the position of: (x Rn ,z) The distance between the transmitting array element antenna and the target is
；
，tIn order to be a short time from the distance,f c is the carrier frequency of the radar,γfor frequency modulation, c is the speed of light, exp represents an exponential function with e as the base,θ m is as followsmThe additional phase of each of the transmit array element antennas,
is as followsnAdditional phases of the individual receive element antennas.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step (2), the distance of the transmission path of the electromagnetic wave is not considered, and the phase inconsistency is determinedThe transmission distance between any receiving and transmitting array elements in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting multi-receiving linear array isR ref_mn The expression of the reference target echo signal of any receiving and transmitting array element combination in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array is as follows:
whereinσ mn Corresponds to the firstmA transmitting array element antenna for transmitting signals andnthe scattering intensity of the metal plate when the receiving array element antenna receives signals.
8. The method for correcting the phase inconsistency of the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiver linear arrays according to claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the electromagnetic calculation software simulates the expression of the electromagnetic scattering echo signal of the metal flat plate combined by any transceiver array element in the millimeter wave multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiver linear arrays, and the expression is as follows:
9. the method of claim 8, wherein in step (4), the phase inconsistency of the target echo signal is correctedS t_comp And the target echo signal expression of any receiving and transmitting array element combination in the millimeter wave multi-transmitting and multi-receiving linear array after correction is as follows:
10. a millimeter wave multi-transmitter and multi-receiver linear array imaging system, characterized in that a phase inconsistency correction method of a millimeter wave multi-transmitter and multi-receiver linear array as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted to obtain a target echo signal after phase inconsistency correction for imaging and reconstructing a target.
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