CN111706142B - 一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置 - Google Patents

一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置 Download PDF

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CN111706142B
CN111706142B CN202010694560.7A CN202010694560A CN111706142B CN 111706142 B CN111706142 B CN 111706142B CN 202010694560 A CN202010694560 A CN 202010694560A CN 111706142 B CN111706142 B CN 111706142B
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piezoelectric
shape memory
sma wire
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CN111706142A (zh
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付兴
李宏男
李钢
徐志凯
张兴恒
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于结构振动控制技术领域，提供了一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，包括螺杆、钢管、加劲肋、钢片、螺母、压电陶瓷、螺帽和SMA丝束。将结构受压的机械能转化为压电陶瓷的电能，再转化为热能，耗能效率高，受力性能好；SMA丝束抗拉承载力大，具有形状记忆效应，而且抗腐性抗疲劳性好；可根据实际需要对节段数量、压电陶瓷及SMA丝束的规格进行调整，使结构可根据所受轴向力的大小及具体受力情况进行调节；具有构造简单，易于维修，耗能能力优于普通钢管等优点，且安装方便，不影响外部造型，具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置
技术领域
本发明属于结构振动控制技术领域，具体是指一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置。
背景技术
近年来，随着我国钢铁产量的不断增长，管桁架在被越来越广泛地使用，在建筑中所占的比例越来越大，管桁架结构截面材料绕中和轴较均匀分布，使截面同时具有良好的抗压性能及大扭转刚度等特点。另外，管桁架结构整体性能好、构造简单、外表美观，制作、安装、翻身、起吊都比较容易。
当前很多钢桁架构件由于长期受到动力循环荷载，容易造成疲劳裂纹和缺陷，从而产生结构承载能力、耐久性降低等结构性缺陷，不能满足人们正常使用的需求。
本发明创造性地提出了一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，利用压电效应原理，将钢管所受轴向压力转换为电能，再利用电阻丝转化成热能消耗，大大增加耗能效率；利用形状记忆合金(shape memory alloys,SMA)丝束承受拉力，具有允许变形大且变形可恢复等优点，和压电耗能装置共同作用，可有效消耗结构在动力荷载下的能量，从而降低结构动力响应、提高其使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种构造合理，耗能效果明显的桁架连接装置。
本发明的技术方案：
一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，主要由螺杆、钢管、螺母、压电陶瓷、加劲肋、钢片、螺帽和SMA丝束组成，
整个复合型轴向耗能装置设置若干节段，每个节段主要由钢管、钢片和压电陶瓷组成，由SMA丝束串联所有节段；
所述钢片与钢管刚接，节段之间压电陶瓷与上下钢片紧密接触，并由钢片与钢管端部构成的卡扣固定；
所述钢管与钢片之间设置加劲肋；钢片与压电陶瓷中心处预留孔洞；
所述SMA丝束上端与螺杆刚接，下端与螺帽刚接，依次穿过各节段上的钢片与压电陶瓷中心处预留的孔洞；
所述螺母与螺杆扭紧，固定SMA丝束并施加预紧力。
各节段上的钢片预留孔洞刚好可穿过SMA丝束，以限制SMA丝束的横向位移。
节段的数量根据所受轴向力的大小及具体受力情况调节。
单个节段中采用八个对称的加劲肋，使结构更加稳定。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，将结构受压的机械能转化为压电陶瓷的电能，再转化为热能，耗能效率高，受力性能好；
(2)本发明的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，采用应力大应变小的SMA丝束，可承受更大的拉力；具有形状记忆效应，可实现自复位；
(3)本发明的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，可通过螺栓对SMA丝束施加预紧力，且数值灵活，既增强了结构的安全性，也可使结构适用于不同的受力情况；
(4)本发明的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，可根据实际需要对节段的数量、压电陶瓷及SMA丝束的规格进行调整，使结构根据所受轴向力的大小及具体受力情况进行调节；
(5)本发明的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，具有构造简单，易于维修，受力性能优于普通钢管等优点；
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置的平面图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置的A-A剖面图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置的B-B剖面图；
图中：1螺杆；2钢管；3螺母；4压电陶瓷；5加劲肋；6钢片；7螺帽；8SMA丝束。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明实施例提供的一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置的一个实施例，包括：螺杆1、钢管2、螺母3、压电陶瓷4、加劲肋5、钢片6、螺帽7、SMA丝束8。
在本实施例中，整个装置设置若干节段，每个节段由钢管2、钢片6、压电陶瓷4组成，由SMA丝束8串联所有节段，当结构受压时，钢管2承受的压力会传递给钢片6，通过设置八个对称的加劲肋5，可保证钢管2与钢片6焊接处的局部稳定并均匀传递集中力，上下两钢片6形成的卡扣可以固定压电陶瓷4的位置，防止其左右滑动；通过施加在SMA丝束上的预紧力，赋予了结构一定的抗弯、抗扭、抗剪性能，使该轴力构件在受到弯矩、扭矩和剪力时仍能保持为一个整体。
结构在动力作用下受到往复的拉力和压力。当该构件受压时，钢片挤压压电陶瓷，压电陶瓷上下表面分别产生正负电荷，通过连接正负极的铜丝形成闭合回路，将电能转化为热能并快速耗散。当该构件受到拉力时，SMA丝束受到两相邻节段传来的拉力，由于其弹性系数较大，受力时产生较小的变形，卸载时具有良好的自复位能力，SMA材料由于其具有形状记忆、超弹性和高阻尼特性的优点，可有效防止结构受拉破坏。
将结构受压的机械能转化为压电陶瓷的电能，再转化为热能，耗能效率高，受力性能好；采用应力大应变小的SMA丝束，可承受更大的拉力，具有形状记忆效应，而且抗腐性抗疲劳性好；可根据实际需要对节段的数量、压电陶瓷及SMA丝束的规格进行调整，使结构可以根据所受轴向力的大小及具体受力情况进行调节；具有构造简单，易于维修，受力性能优于普通钢管等优点。
设计本发明时需注意：第一，压电陶瓷片的抗压承载力要高于钢管管或构件设计压力，保证压电陶瓷片在构件失效前可一直稳定耗能；第二，SMA丝束的抗拉承载力要高于钢管或构件设计拉力，其抗拉刚度要与钢管或设计刚度近似，保证结构整体的刚度和稳定性；第三，与SMA丝束刚接的螺杆与螺帽需要足够的强度与刚度，通过这三者形成的预紧力也要足够大，足以让各个节段相连形成一个整体；第四，设置八个对称的加劲肋，可保证钢管与钢片焊接处的局部稳定并均匀传递集中力；第五，压电陶瓷上下表面应采用多根(2根以上)铜丝相连，保证系统的可靠度和冗余度。
本发明的上述实施例并不是对本发明保护范围的限定，本发明的实施方式不限于此，凡此种种根据本发明的上述内容，按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段，在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下，对本发明上述结构做出的其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更，均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，主要由螺杆(1)、钢管(2)、螺母(3)、压电陶瓷(4)、加劲肋(5)、钢片(6)、螺帽(7)和SMA丝束(8)组成，其特征在于：
整个复合型轴向耗能装置设置若干节段，每个节段主要由钢管(2)、钢片(6)和压电陶瓷(4)组成，由SMA丝束(8)串联所有节段；
所述钢片(6)与钢管(2)刚接，节段之间压电陶瓷(4)与上下钢片(6)紧密接触，并由钢片(6)与钢管(2)端部构成的卡扣固定；
所述钢管(2)与钢片(6)之间设置加劲肋(5)；钢片(6)与压电陶瓷(4)中心处预留孔洞；
所述SMA丝束(8)上端与螺杆(1)刚接，下端与螺帽(7)刚接，依次穿过各节段上的钢片(6)与压电陶瓷(4)中心处预留的孔洞；
所述螺母(3)与螺杆(1)扭紧，固定SMA丝束(8)并施加预紧力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，其特征在于：各节段上的钢片(6)预留孔洞刚好可穿过SMA丝束(8)，以限制SMA丝束(8)的横向位移。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，其特征在于：节段的数量根据所受轴向力的大小及具体受力情况调节。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，其特征在于：单个节段中采用八个对称的加劲肋，使结构更加稳定。
5.根据权利要求3所述的基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置，其特征在于：单个节段中采用八个对称的加劲肋，使结构更加稳定。
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US17/297,872 US11293415B2 (en) 2020-07-17 2020-07-31 Composite axial energy consumption device based on piezoelectricity and shape memory alloy
PCT/CN2020/106048 WO2022011751A1 (zh) 2020-07-17 2020-07-31 一种基于压电和形状记忆合金的复合型轴向耗能装置

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