CN111701446A - Method and device for denitration and heat recovery of industrial furnace flue gas - Google Patents

Method and device for denitration and heat recovery of industrial furnace flue gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111701446A
CN111701446A CN202010545057.5A CN202010545057A CN111701446A CN 111701446 A CN111701446 A CN 111701446A CN 202010545057 A CN202010545057 A CN 202010545057A CN 111701446 A CN111701446 A CN 111701446A
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flue gas
reversing
reversing valve
air
outlet
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CN111701446B (en
Inventor
胡敏
王刻文
王德瑞
杨利然
牛春林
王帆
朱雷鸣
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Engineering Group Co Ltd
Sinopec Guangzhou Engineering Co Ltd
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Engineering Group Co Ltd
Sinopec Guangzhou Engineering Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/02—Arrangements of regenerators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/202—Hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/204—Carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for denitration and heat recovery of industrial furnace flue gas. The method comprises the steps that high-temperature flue gas is changed into low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange and reaction in a flue gas channel formed by a U-shaped regenerator containing a catalyst, ambient air is changed into high-temperature air after heat exchange in an air channel formed by the U-shaped regenerator containing the catalyst, and the flue gas channel and the air channel are switched through a reversing valve; the device mainly comprises a heating furnace and an air distribution control system thereof, a U-shaped regenerative chamber, a reversing valve, an air inlet and outlet module, a flue gas inlet and outlet module and a reversing valve driving device; the air inlet and outlet module, the reversing valve and the flue gas inlet and outlet module are positioned on the diameter of the reversing valve, and the U-shaped regenerative chambers are equally distributed on two sides of the diameter of the reversing valve. The invention integrates the functions of denitration and heat storage type heat recovery, and can integrally replace a waste heat boiler and a denitration tower; reducing agents do not need to be introduced from the outside, and the investment, the occupied area and the operation cost of the device are greatly reduced.

Description

Method and device for denitration and heat recovery of industrial furnace flue gas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method and a device for denitration and heat recovery of industrial furnace flue gas.
Background
In flue gas of various reaction furnaces, heating furnaces and the like in the industries of petrifaction, steel, nonferrous metallurgy, thermal power generation and the like, nitrogen oxides are generally contained, and denitration is required before emission. SCR or SNCR methods are generally adopted for industrial flue gas denitration.
The SCR method reduces nitrogen oxides in flue gas to nitrogen gas by using ammonia or urea as a reducing agent under the action of a catalyst. At present, the commonly adopted medium-temperature SCR denitration temperature is 300-400 ℃, and the SCR catalyst can only be arranged between the high-temperature section and the low-temperature section of the waste heat boiler, so that the integrity and the continuity of equipment are damaged, and the investment and the occupied area are additionally increased.
According to the SNCR method, ammonia or urea is directly injected into the flue gas as a reducing agent under the condition of no catalyst at the temperature of 850-1100 ℃ or higher, so that nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen. The method has high temperature requirement, the denitration efficiency is generally only 30-60%, and the environmental-friendly emission requirement cannot be met under most conditions. Both the SCR method and the SNCR method need to additionally inject a reducing agent, so that not only are additional urea/ammonia preparation and dilution facilities needed, but also substances such as ammonia and the like are stored in the device and have certain dangerousness; at the same time, the injection of the reducing agent also increases the operating costs of the device.
Chinese patent CN 102000498B discloses a flue gas denitration combustion device and method without additional reducing agent, the method adopts electrode discharge to remove CO in the flue gas2And converting the carbon dioxide into CO, and then realizing denitration through the catalytic reaction of the CO and the nitrogen oxide. According to the method, the self-produced CO is used as a reducing agent, so that an output reducing agent and related facilities are omitted, and the operation cost of the flue gas denitration system is reduced. However, the method additionally introduces a discharge system, which brings new electric energy consumption; meanwhile, for a flue gas system with strict fire protection requirements, electric sparks can bring new potential safety hazards. In addition, CO in flue gas is converted by electric discharge2The smoke has certain requirements on the self composition, humidity, smoke composition, conductivity and the like, and the application range has larger limitation.
Chinese patent CN 105783020B discloses an oxygen-rich low-nitrogen combustion denitration process for a coal-fired boiler, wherein CO-rich gas is mixed into primary air distribution to control the content of nitrogen oxides; then oxygen-enriched secondary air is introduced to ensure complete combustion. Although the method avoids the input of reducing agents in the traditional SCR denitration process such as ammonia and urea, CO needs to be input from the outside; in the primary combustion, the generation of nitrogen oxides is reduced by the reduction of CO and the oxygen deficient combustion, but in the secondary oxygen-enriched combustion, nitrogen oxides are inevitably regenerated. The CO generation facility and PSA/VPSA oxygen production and the like adopting the method need additional investment, land occupation and operation cost.
Chinese patent CN 108905556a discloses an integrated process and apparatus for denitration and CO generation, which uses a mixture of semicoke and iron powder as a reducing agent to reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxidize semicoke to CO; the CO can also be used as a reducing agent to further react with the nitrogen oxide. In order to avoid the risk of spontaneous combustion of the semicoke at high temperature, the method separately carries out flue gas denitration and the reaction of the semicoke for generating CO, thereby increasing the investment and the occupied area of the device; although the method avoids the input of reducing agents in the traditional SCR denitration process such as ammonia and urea, the consumption of semicoke, iron powder and the like is additionally increased, and the operation cost of the device is also increased. In order to prevent the temperature rise of the semicoke from being too high, the method also introduces a spraying device, so that once the spraying device fails or the water quantity is improperly controlled, the CO generation equipment is easily changed into slurry which is difficult to treat.
Chinese patent CN 107875851a discloses an autocatalytic reduction denitration system applied to full-load flue gas denitration, compared with the conventional SCR denitration, it only changes the reducing agent from ammonia, urea, etc. to "biological calcium base reducing agent" and activated carbon, the problem that it has is the same as the conventional SCR denitration, and simultaneously, because of the introduction of activated carbon, it also brings the risk of high-temperature spontaneous combustion.
Chinese patent CN200610018705.1 discloses an exhaust gas treatment device for simultaneously recovering waste heat and removing pollutants, which switches back and forth between two porous ceramic regenerators through a valve, one for heat storage and one for heat release. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following problems that 1, reducing media such as ammonia and the like are required to be additionally injected; 2. during the change-over period between the regenerators, larger pressure and pollutant content fluctuation can exist; 3. there is a high requirement for the synchronism of the valve, and if the switches are not synchronous, the system may be broken down.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for denitration and heat recovery of flue gas of an industrial furnace, aiming at solving the technical problems that in the prior art, a reducing medium needs to be additionally injected, the fluctuation of pressure and pollutant content can be large during the reversing of a regenerator, and the system paralysis can be caused due to low synchronism of a valve.
The invention provides a method for denitration and heat recovery of industrial furnace flue gas, which comprises the following steps:
1) the high-temperature flue gas enters a reversing chamber A1 of the reversing valve through a flue gas inlet, N1 branches are divided in the reversing chamber A1 and respectively enter N1U-shaped heat storage chambers containing catalysts, the flue gas is changed into low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange and reaction in the heat storage chambers, the low-temperature flue gas is converged into the reversing chamber A2 of the reversing valve through outlets of the heat storage chambers and is discharged through a flue gas outlet, and at the moment, N1U-shaped heat storage chambers containing catalysts form a flue gas channel;
2) when the step 1) is carried out, ambient air enters a reversing chamber A3 of the reversing valve through an air inlet, is divided into N2 strands in the reversing chamber A3 and respectively enters N2U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalyst, the heat is exchanged in the heat storage chambers to become high-temperature air, the high-temperature air is converged into the reversing chamber A4 of the reversing valve through outlets of the heat storage chambers and enters a combustor through an air outlet, and at the moment, N2U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalyst form an air channel;
3) after the steps 1) and 2) are carried out for a certain time, the reversing valve is switched from an initial position to a final position;
4) after the reversing valve is switched to the stop position, high-temperature flue gas enters a reversing chamber A4 of the reversing valve through a flue gas inlet, is divided into N2 in the reversing chamber A4 and respectively enters N2U-shaped heat storage chambers containing catalysts, the flue gas is changed into low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange and reaction in the heat storage chambers, the low-temperature flue gas is converged into the reversing chamber A3 of the reversing valve through outlets of the heat storage chambers and is discharged through a flue gas outlet, and at the moment, N2U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalysts form a flue gas channel;
5) when the step 4) is carried out, ambient air enters a reversing chamber A2 of the reversing valve through an air inlet, is divided into N1 strands in the reversing chamber A2 and respectively enters N1U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalyst, the heat is exchanged in the heat storage chambers to become high-temperature air, the high-temperature air is converged into the reversing chamber A1 of the reversing valve through outlets of the heat storage chambers and enters a combustor through an air outlet, and at the moment, N1U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalyst form an air channel;
6) after the steps 4) and 5) are carried out for the same time as the steps 1) and 2), the reversing valve is switched again, and the reversing valve returns to the initial position from the end position;
7) after the reversing valve returns to the initial position, repeating the steps 1) to 6) in cycles;
8) carrying out online monitoring on nitrogen oxides on the low-temperature flue gas discharged in the step 1) and the step 4), and adjusting the flow of the ambient air entering the air inlet in the step 2) and the step 5) according to the difference value between the monitoring value and the set value of the nitrogen oxides, thereby adjusting the reducing media CO and H in the high-temperature flue gas2The content of (A);
n1 is N2 which are positive integers;
the reversing chambers A1-A4 refer to the internal space of the reversing valve, which distributes or converges smoke or air when the valve plate of the reversing valve is at the initial position or the final position;
the reversing chamber A1 is communicated with the reversing chamber A2 through N1U-shaped regenerators, and the reversing chamber A3 is communicated with the reversing chamber A4 through N2U-shaped regenerators;
the initial position or the final position refers to the position of the valve plate of the reversing valve when the reversing chamber A1 and the reversing chamber A4 are separated and the reversing chamber A2 and the reversing chamber A3 are separated.
For the convenience of describing the method of the invention, the following are defined: when the reversing valve is in the initial position, the smoke inlet is communicated with the reversing chamber A1, the smoke outlet is communicated with the reversing chamber A2, the air inlet is communicated with the reversing chamber A3, and the air outlet is communicated with the reversing chamber A4; when the reversing valve is at the end position, the smoke inlet is communicated with the reversing chamber A4, the smoke outlet is communicated with the reversing chamber A3, the air inlet is communicated with the reversing chamber A2, and the air outlet is communicated with the reversing chamber A1.
As a further improvement, when the reversing valve is switched between the initial and final positions, reversing chamber A1 communicates with reversing chamber A4 and reversing chamber A2 communicates with reversing chamber A3.
The core principle of the method is that CO and H in the hearth of the heating furnace are controlled by adjusting the air distribution quantity entering the combustor on line2The generation amount of reducing substances is equalized, so that reducing media CO and H in the high-temperature flue gas are controlled2The content of (2) enables the nitrogen oxides in the high-temperature flue gas to be reduced into nitrogen gas under the action of a catalyst at a proper temperature, so that denitration is realized. The main reaction formula is as follows:
2CO+2NO＝N2+2CO2
4CO+2NO2＝N2+4CO2
2H2+2NO＝N2+2H2O
4H2+2NO2＝N2+4H2O
the specific implementation process comprises the following steps of monitoring the concentration of NOx in discharged low-temperature flue gas on line, adjusting the air distribution quantity of a burner, enabling high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of a heating furnace to enter a U-shaped heat storage chamber, and reacting nitrogen oxides in the flue gas with reducing substances for denitration under the action of a catalyst on the surface of a heat storage body of the U-shaped heat storage chamber; along with the operation of the reversing valve driving device, the flue gas and the air are switched among different heat accumulators, energy recovery is realized by heating the air through the heat accumulators, and meanwhile, each heat accumulator can be ensured to be under a proper reaction temperature condition in a certain time period in the processes of temperature rise and temperature reduction; meanwhile, the ammonium sulfate generated by the reaction at low temperature can be automatically decomposed at higher temperature, and cannot be gathered to block the catalyst pore channel.
One of the important characteristics of the method is that in the process of exchanging the flue gas channel and the air channel, the reversing chamber A1 and the reversing chamber A4, the reversing chamber A2 and the reversing chamber A3 can be communicated in pairs and switched synchronously.
The invention also provides a device for denitration and heat recovery of the flue gas of the industrial furnace, which mainly comprises a heating furnace and an air distribution control system thereof, a U-shaped regenerative chamber, a reversing valve, an air inlet and outlet module, a flue gas inlet and outlet module and a reversing valve driving device; the reversing valve is integrally cylindrical, the U-shaped heat storage chambers, the air inlet and outlet modules and the smoke inlet and outlet modules which are in fan-shaped shapes are annularly arranged around the reversing valve, the air inlet and outlet modules, the reversing valve and the smoke inlet and outlet modules are positioned on the diameter of the reversing valve, and the U-shaped heat storage chambers are evenly distributed on two sides of the diameter of the reversing valve; the air inlet and outlet module is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the flue gas inlet and outlet module is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet through a reversing valve and a U-shaped heat storage chamber, the air outlet is communicated with an inlet of a burner of a heating furnace, a high-temperature flue gas outlet of the heating furnace is communicated with the flue gas inlet, the flue gas inlet is communicated with the flue gas outlet through the reversing valve and the U-shaped heat storage chamber, the flue gas outlet is connected with the air inlet through an air distribution control system, and a catalyst is arranged in the U-shaped heat storage chamber.
The air distribution control system comprises an online monitor, an air blower and an adjusting valve, wherein the adjusting valve is arranged on a pipeline between the air blower and an air inlet, and the online monitor is respectively connected with the flue gas outlet, the air blower and the adjusting valve.
The U-shaped regenerator comprises a regenerator body, regenerator intermediate baffles and a tail passage, the regenerator body is divided into an upper regenerator layer and a lower regenerator layer by the regenerator intermediate baffles, the regenerator body is filled in the upper regenerator layer and the lower regenerator layer, the upper regenerator layer and the lower regenerator layer are communicated through the tail passage, and a catalyst with denitration reaction activity or a combined/embedded structure of the denitration catalyst and the regenerator body is laid on the surface of the regenerator body. The heat accumulator can be a metal plate, a nonmetal plate or honeycomb ceramic.
The reversing valve comprises a valve cover, a valve shell, a valve shaft, a reversing valve interface clapboard, a reversing valve intermediate clapboard and a valve plate (comprising an upper baffle and a lower baffle), wherein the reversing valve interface comprises a flue gas interface, an air interface and regenerator interfaces with the same number as that of U-shaped regenerators; the upper baffle and the lower baffle are coaxial and rotate synchronously along with the valve shaft, and the mounting directions of the upper baffle and the lower baffle are completely consistent.
The air inlet and outlet module comprises an air side reversing valve interface, an air inlet and outlet middle partition plate, an air outlet and an air inlet, the air side reversing valve interface is communicated with the air interface of the reversing valve, the air inlet and outlet middle partition plate is in contact sealing with the reversing valve interface partition plate, the air inlet and outlet middle partition plate partitions the air inlet and outlet module, an upper layer channel and a lower layer channel are formed in the air inlet and outlet module, one end of the upper layer channel is communicated with an upper cavity of the reversing valve, and the other end of the upper layer channel is communicated with the air outlet (or the air; one end of the lower channel is communicated with the lower chamber of the reversing valve, and the other end of the lower channel is communicated with an air inlet (or an air outlet).
The smoke inlet and outlet module comprises a smoke side reversing valve interface, a smoke inlet and outlet middle partition plate, a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, the smoke side reversing valve interface is communicated with the smoke interface of the reversing valve, and the smoke inlet and outlet middle partition plate is in contact sealing with the reversing valve interface partition plate. The middle partition plate of the flue gas inlet and outlet divides the flue gas inlet and outlet module, so that an upper channel and a lower channel are formed inside the flue gas inlet and outlet module, wherein one end of the upper channel is communicated with the upper chamber of the reversing valve, and the other end of the upper channel is communicated with the flue gas inlet (or the flue gas outlet); one end of the lower channel is communicated with the lower chamber of the reversing valve, and the other end is communicated with the flue gas outlet (or the flue gas inlet).
The reversing valve, the U-shaped heat storage chamber, the air inlet and outlet module, the flue gas inlet and outlet module and the reversing valve driving device jointly form a core part of the device: a regenerative reaction-heat exchange assembly;
the five clapboards (the middle clapboard of the reversing valve, the clapboard of the reversing valve interface, the middle clapboard of the regenerator, the middle clapboard of the air inlet and the air outlet and the middle clapboard of the smoke inlet and the smoke outlet) are positioned at the same elevation and in the same plane.
When the plane of the valve plate (comprising the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate) is positioned between the air inlet and outlet module and the flue gas inlet and outlet, the inner cavity of the reversing valve is divided into four reversing chambers by the valve plate and the middle partition plate of the reversing valve, the four reversing chambers are arranged counterclockwise from top to bottom from left to right and sequentially comprise a reversing chamber A1, a reversing chamber A2, a reversing chamber A3 and a reversing chamber A4.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, denitration and energy recovery are realized in the same device through the catalytic action of the reaction heat accumulator and switching among different media, and the problems of low denitration efficiency of the conventional SNCR and thiamine blockage when the denitration temperature of the SCR is low are solved.
2) In the denitration process, the self-produced reducing substances are not completely combusted in the combustion furnace, and a reducing agent is not required to be introduced from the outside, so that the problems of investment, occupied area, cost and secondary pollution caused in the storage, preparation and use processes of the traditional denitration reducing agent are solved; the denitration effect can be adjusted on line in real time through air distribution, and the capability of adapting to load change is strong.
3) Compared with the rotary air preheater in the prior art, the regenerative chamber is not moved, the smoke and air inlet and outlet are not moved, only the valve plate of the reversing valve rotates in a reciprocating manner, the radius of the valve plate and the movement sealing length are far lower than those of the rotary air preheater in the prior art, the air leakage rate is smaller, but the heat storage capacity can be equivalent to that of the rotary air preheater. The problem of the rotary air preheater big leakage wind volume of prior art is solved.
4) Compared with the valve switching type air preheater in the prior art, the heat accumulating type energy recovery technology has the advantages that when the valve plate in the reversing valve rotates and reverses, the whole air preheater does not have the problem of instantaneous cut-off of flue gas flow and air flow. At the most severe moment, only the flue gas flow (air flow of one channel) in one channel is cut off instantaneously, the flue gas flow and the air flow in the other channels are still continuously unblocked, the cut-off of one channel has little influence on the total flue gas flow of a plurality of channels, and the pressure drop fluctuation is limited. The problem of flue gas stream and air current cut off in the twinkling of an eye when having solved current valve switching formula air heater switching-over to and relevant furnace pressure fluctuation problem.
5) Compared with the valve switching type air preheater in the prior art, the regenerative energy recovery technology only has one reversing valve, and the problem that a plurality of reversing valves are not synchronous in reversing is solved.
6) In the method and the device provided by the invention, the low-temperature section can adopt a reaction heat accumulator made of non-metallic materials such as ceramics, the ceramic material has no problem of flue gas dew point corrosion, the flue gas temperature can be lower, and the energy recovery efficiency is high.
7) In the device provided by the invention, flue gas and air horizontally flow in the U-shaped heat storage chamber, the reaction heat storage body is horizontally arranged, and a heat storage body support grid is not required to be additionally arranged.
In a word, the comprehensive denitration and heat accumulation type heat recovery function can integrally replace a waste heat boiler and a denitration tower; meanwhile, a reducing agent is not required to be introduced from the outside, so that the device investment, the occupied area and the operation cost are greatly reduced, and the problems of safety risk, secondary pollution and the like caused in the storage and use processes of the reducing agent in the traditional denitration technology are also avoided.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
The following figure schematically illustrates an embodiment of the present invention, which has 8 reactive thermal storage channels.
Fig. 1 is a 3D view of a regenerative reaction-heat exchange assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 3D view of a U-shaped regenerator module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a 3D view of the U-shaped regenerator module of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an assembled view of the diverter valve of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a 3D view of the diverter valve of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a 3D view of the air inlet/outlet module of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a 3D view of the flue gas inlet and outlet module of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the 3D view of FIG. 1 (with the baffle in the 0-0 position, i.e., the initial position);
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the 3D view of FIG. 1 (baffle in position 1-1, the end position);
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure:
Figure BDA0002540419040000071
an air flow;
Figure BDA0002540419040000072
a flue gas stream;
0-0, starting position of a reversing valve baffle; 1-1, the end position of a reversing valve baffle;
1. a regenerative reaction-heat exchange assembly;
10. a diverter valve;
11. an upper baffle plate; 12. a lower baffle plate; 13. a middle partition plate of the reversing valve; 14. a valve shaft; 15. a valve cover;
16. a valve housing; 17. a change valve interface (subscript indicates a plurality); 18. a bonnet connection; 19. valve with a valve body
Shaft bearings and seals;
20. a U-shaped regenerator (subscript indicates plural); 21. a reaction heat accumulator; 22. u-shaped heat accumulation chamber shell
A body; 23. a middle partition plate of the U-shaped regenerative chamber; 24. a U-shaped regenerator head flange; 25. u-shaped regenerative chamber
A tail flange; 26. sealing a door at the tail part of the U-shaped regenerator; 27. a door sealing connecting piece at the tail part of the U-shaped regenerator;
30. an air inlet and outlet module;
32. an air outlet; 33. an air inlet;
40. a flue gas inlet and outlet module;
42. a flue gas inlet; 43. a flue gas outlet;
50. a drive device;
90. heating furnace; 91. a high-temperature flue gas outlet; 92. a burner; 93. an on-line monitor; 94. regulating device
A valve is saved; 95. a blower; 96. an induced draft fan; 97. a chimney;
100. an air flow; 200. flue gas flow
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings, these embodiments are provided so that those skilled in the art will be able to more fully and completely understand the present invention, and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art; the preferred embodiments presented in this section should not be construed as limiting the implementation of the invention.
As shown in fig. 10, the apparatus of the present invention mainly comprises a heating furnace 90, a regenerative reaction-heat exchange assembly 1 (including a reversing valve, a U-shaped regenerative chamber, a flue gas inlet/outlet module, an air inlet/outlet module, and a reversing valve driving device), an air blower 95, an induced draft fan 96, and an online monitor 93. The heat accumulating type reaction-heat exchange assembly 1 is arranged in a flue gas waste heat recovery system of the heating furnace 90. The flue gas stream 200 flows out of the high-temperature flue gas outlet 91 of the heating furnace 90, enters the flue gas inlet of the heat accumulating type reaction-heat exchange assembly 1, releases heat in the heat accumulating type reaction-heat exchange assembly 1, flows out of the flue gas outlet after the reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxides, and is discharged into a chimney 97 through an induced draft fan 96; the content of nitrogen oxides in the outlet flue gas is monitored on line by an on-line monitor 93, and when the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas is higher than a set value, the flow of an air material flow 100 is reduced by an adjusting valve 94; when the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas is lower than a set value, the flow of the air material flow 100 is increased through the regulating valve 94; the air stream 100 is sent to the air inlet of the regenerative reaction-heat exchange assembly 1 by the blower 95, absorbs heat in the regenerative reaction-heat exchange assembly 1, and then flows out from the air outlet, enters the burner 92 in the heating furnace 90, and enters the furnace for combustion supporting.
A schematic diagram of a regenerative reaction-heat exchange assembly 1 according to the present invention is shown in fig. 1. In this example, 1 diverter valve 10, 8U-shaped regenerators 20 are included-1～81 air inlet and outlet module 30, 1 flue gas inlet and outlet module 40 and 1 set of driving device 50. The reversing valve 10 is in the middle, and the U-shaped regenerator 20, the air inlet and outlet module 30 and the flue gas inlet and outlet module 40 surround the reversing valve 10. The air inlet and outlet module 30, the reversing valve 10 and the flue gas inlet and outlet module 40 form a straight line, and 8U-shaped heat storage chambers 20 are separated on two sides.
The 8 independent reaction heat storage channels of the embodiment of the invention are divided into two groups by the reversing valve baffle, and each group of 4U-shaped heat storage chambers form 4 reaction heat storage channels. First set of U-shaped regenerators 20-1、20-2、20-3、20-4During reaction heat accumulation, the second group of U-shaped heat accumulation chambers 20-5、20-6、20-7、20-8Releasing heat, and after a certain time, reversing the direction of the reversing valve to become a first group of U-shaped regenerators 20-1、20-2、20-3、20-4Exothermic, second set of U-shaped regenerators 20-5、20-6、20-7、20-8After a certain time of reaction heat accumulation, the reversing valve reverses for the second time and returns to the first group of U-shaped heat accumulation chambers 20-1、20-2、20-3、20-4Reaction heat storage, second set of U-shaped regenerators 20-5、20-6、20-7、20-8A state of heat release. The above processes are circularly reciprocated, thereby achieving the purposes of heat exchange and reaction.
Referring to FIG. 8, when the baffle orientation is 0-0 of the starting position of the diverter valve baffle, the high temperature flue gas passes through the second set of U-shaped regenerators 20-5、20-6、20-7、20-8The inner 4 reaction heat storage channels heat the reaction heat storage body therein, and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas react with CO to generate nitrogen under the action of the catalyst on the surface of the reaction heat storage body. At the same time, air passes through the first set of U-shaped regenerators 20-1、20-2、20-3、20-4The inner 4 reaction heat storage channels absorb the heat stored in the reaction heat storage body to obtain high-temperature preheating. After a certain time, the reversing valve reverses, the position of the baffle is switched to 1-1 position of the stop position of the reversing valve, in the reversing process, the reversing chamber A1 is communicated with the reversing chamber A4, and the reversing chamber A2 is communicated with the reversing chamber A3; after reversing, as shown in FIG. 9, the hot flue gases pass through a first set of U-shaped regenerators 20-1、20-2、20-3、20-4The inner 4 reaction heat storage channels heat the reaction heat storage body therein, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas reacts with the reducing agent under the action of the catalyst on the surface of the reaction heat storage body. At the same time, air passes through the second set of U-shaped regenerators 20-5、20-6、20-7、20-8The inner 4 reaction heat storage channels absorb the heat stored in the reaction heat storage body to obtain high-temperature preheating. And after a certain time, the reversing valve reverses for the second time, in the switching process, the reversing chamber A4 is communicated with the reversing chamber A1, the reversing chamber A3 is communicated with the reversing chamber A2, and the steps are repeated in a circulating mode. When the reversing valve is at the initial position 0-0 position or the ending position 1-1 position, the reversing chamber A1 and the reversing chamber A4 are in a blocked state, and the reversing chamber A2 and the reversing chamber A3 are in a blocked state.
Fig. 2 and 3 show a U-shaped regenerator 20, and the U-shaped regenerator 20 mainly comprises a reaction regenerator 21, a U-shaped regenerator shell 22, a U-shaped regenerator middle partition 23, a U-shaped regenerator head flange 24, a U-shaped regenerator tail flange 25, a U-shaped regenerator tail sealing door 26, a U-shaped regenerator tail sealing door connector 27, and the like.
The U-shaped regenerator 20 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by the U-shaped regenerator intermediate baffle 23, the upper layer and the lower layer are filled with the reaction heat accumulators 21, the reaction heat accumulator 21 on the upper layer is supported by the intermediate baffle 23, the reaction heat accumulator 21 on the lower layer is supported by the U-shaped regenerator shell 22, and the upper layer and the lower layer are communicated through a tail channel.
The reaction heat accumulator 21 in the U-shaped regenerator 20 can be loaded and unloaded through a U-shaped regenerator tail seal 26.
In this embodiment, the reaction heat storage body 21 is formed by impregnating a metal compound of a catalytically active component into the surface of a honeycomb ceramic substrate and sintering the substrate.
The upper layer and the lower layer in each U-shaped heat accumulation chamber and the tail channel form 1 internal U-shaped airflow channel, and 8 independent U-shaped airflow channels exist in 8U-shaped heat accumulation chambers.
Fig. 4 and 5 show a reversing valve 10, the reversing valve 10 mainly comprises an upper baffle 11, a lower baffle 12, a reversing valve intermediate partition 13, a valve shaft 14, a valve cover 15, a valve casing 16, a reversing valve interface 17, an interface partition 18 and a baffle axial sealing surface 19, and the baffle 11 and the lower baffle 12 jointly form a valve plate.
The inner cavity of the reversing valve 10 is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a middle partition plate 13 of the reversing valve, the upper baffle plate 11 is positioned in the upper cavity, and the lower baffle plate 12 is positioned in the lower cavity. The upper baffle plate 11 and the lower baffle plate 12 are coaxial and rotate synchronously with the valve shaft 14, and the orientations of the baffle plates are completely consistent.
The total number of the reversing valve connectors 17 is 10, and 17 are respectively used for the reversing valve connectors 17-1、17-2、17-3、17-4、17-5、17-6、17-7、17-8、17-9、17-10Therein is shown, an interface 17-9Which is an air interface, is connected to the air inlet/outlet module 30. Interface 17-10Is a flue gas interface and is connected with a flue gas inlet and outlet module 40. The remaining 8 interfaces 17-1、17-2、17-3、17-4、17-5、17-6、17-7、17-8Is a U-shaped regenerator interface and is respectively connected with a U-shaped regenerator 20-1、20-2、20-3、20-4、20-5、20-6、20-7、20-8. 8U-shaped reaction heat storage channels in the 8U-shaped heat storage chambers are communicated with 8 corresponding interfaces of the reversing valve interface 17 to form a reaction heat storage channel.
Fig. 6 and 7 show the air inlet/outlet module 30 and the flue gas inlet/outlet module 40, which respectively include the corresponding air outlet 32, air inlet 33, flue gas inlet 42 and flue gas outlet 43.
Air inlet/outlet module 30/flue gas inlet/outlet module 40 and air interface 17 of reversing valve 10-10After the communication, the air/smoke can enter the reaction heat storage channel inside the equipment under the guiding action of the upper baffle plate 11 in the reversing valve 10. At the moment when the baffle rotates to a certain angle to seal the inlet and outlet of a certain U-shaped regenerative chamber, 1 reaction heat storage channel is closed, but 3 reaction heat storage channels are still arranged to ensure the smooth smoke. And 1/4 reaction heat accumulation channels are closed, and the influence on the flow speed and the pressure drop of the whole flue gas flow is small.
Example one
The temperature of the burnt flue gas of a certain hydrocarbon-containing tail gas incinerator is 1250 ℃, the flue gas basically does not contain SOx, and the content of NOx is 400mg/m3n is the same as the formula (I). The content of nitrogen oxides in the outlet flue gas is monitored on line by an on-line monitor (CEMS)93, and the air quantity of an air blower 95 is adjusted, so that hydrocarbons in the combustion furnace are not completely combusted, and trace CO and H are generated2. CO and H in the heat accumulating type reaction-heat exchange component 12Reacting with NOx in the U-shaped heat storage chamber 20, and impregnating the surface of the reaction heat storage body 21 with V by taking mullite as a base material2O5/MnO3/WO3An active metal compound component. The reversing valve 10 is switched once every 3 minutes, after treatment, the temperature of the discharged flue gas is reduced to 150 ℃, and the NOx in the flue gas is reduced to 80mg/m3n, meeting the emission index requirements, and discharging into a chimney 97 through an induced draft fan 96. The heated air is sent to the tail gas incinerator, and the temperature of the combustion air is increased, so that the temperature of the incinerator is slightly increased even if the hydrocarbons in the incinerator are not completely combusted.
Example two
The temperature of the outlet flue gas of a certain incomplete regeneration reactor is 700 ℃, and the SOx content is 800mg/m3n, NOx content 200mg/m3n, CO content 1000mg/m3n is the same as the formula (I). Since there is no combustion furnace, soThe process of online adjustment of air quantity does not exist, the flue gas directly enters the heat accumulating type reaction-heat exchange component 1, CO reacts with NOx in the U-shaped heat accumulating chamber 20, and the reaction heat accumulator 21 takes honeycomb ceramics as a base material and is impregnated with CeO2/La2O3An active metal catalyst component. The reversing valve 10 is switched once every 2 minutes, and the heat of the heat accumulator is used for heating the process gas with fixed flow, so that the steam consumption originally used for heating the process gas is saved. The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the heat accumulating type reaction-heat exchange component 1 is reduced to 100 ℃, the SOx content is slightly reduced, and the NOx content is reduced to 65mg/m3n, CO content is reduced to 840mg/m3n is the same as the formula (I). After long-period operation, no ammonium sulfate blockage of the heat accumulator or obvious reduction of the catalyst activity is found.
EXAMPLE III
In a certain VOCs treatment facility, RCO is adopted to treat VOCs, the temperature of the produced tail gas is 450 ℃, and the SOx content is 30mg/m3n, NOx content 120mg/m3n, CO content 250mg/m3n is the same as the formula (I). Tail gas directly enters the heat accumulating type reaction-heat exchange component 1, CO reacts with NOx in the U-shaped heat accumulating chamber 20, and the reaction heat accumulator 21 is made of a steel plate substrate and is embedded with ZnαA HKUST zinc-copper bimetallic organic catalyst. The reversing valve 10 is switched once every 2 minutes, after treatment, the temperature of the discharged flue gas is reduced to 120 ℃, and the NOx in the flue gas is reduced to 70mg/m3n, CO content 170mg/m3n meets the emission index requirements. The heat of the heat accumulator is used for heating RCO oxidation air with a fixed flow, so that the fuel consumption of the RCO device is saved.

Claims (9)

1. A method for denitration and heat recovery of industrial furnace flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the high-temperature flue gas enters a reversing chamber A1 of the reversing valve through a flue gas inlet, N1 branches are divided in the reversing chamber A1 and respectively enter N1U-shaped heat storage chambers containing catalysts, the flue gas is changed into low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange and reaction in the heat storage chambers, the low-temperature flue gas is converged into the reversing chamber A2 of the reversing valve through outlets of the heat storage chambers and is discharged through a flue gas outlet, and at the moment, N1U-shaped heat storage chambers containing catalysts form a flue gas channel;
2) when the step 1) is carried out, ambient air enters a reversing chamber A3 of the reversing valve through an air inlet, is divided into N2 strands in the reversing chamber A3 and respectively enters N2U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalyst, the heat is exchanged in the heat storage chambers to become high-temperature air, the high-temperature air is converged into the reversing chamber A4 of the reversing valve through outlets of the heat storage chambers and enters a combustor through an air outlet, and at the moment, N2U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalyst form an air channel;
3) after the steps 1) and 2) are carried out for a certain time, the reversing valve is switched from an initial position to a final position;
4) after the reversing valve is switched to the stop position, high-temperature flue gas enters a reversing chamber A4 of the reversing valve through a flue gas inlet, is divided into N2 in the reversing chamber A4 and respectively enters N2U-shaped heat storage chambers containing catalysts, the flue gas is changed into low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange and reaction in the heat storage chambers, the low-temperature flue gas is converged into the reversing chamber A3 of the reversing valve through outlets of the heat storage chambers and is discharged through a flue gas outlet, and at the moment, N2U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalysts form a flue gas channel;
5) when the step 4) is carried out, ambient air enters a reversing chamber A2 of the reversing valve through an air inlet, is divided into N1 strands in the reversing chamber A2 and respectively enters N1U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalyst, the heat is exchanged in the heat storage chambers to become high-temperature air, the high-temperature air is converged into the reversing chamber A1 of the reversing valve through outlets of the heat storage chambers and enters a combustor through an air outlet, and at the moment, N1U-shaped heat storage chambers containing the catalyst form an air channel;
6) after the steps 4) and 5) are carried out for the same time as the steps 1) and 2), the reversing valve is switched again, and the reversing valve returns to the initial position from the end position;
7) after the reversing valve returns to the initial position, repeating the steps 1) to 6) in cycles;
8) carrying out online monitoring on nitrogen oxides on the low-temperature flue gas discharged in the step 1) and the step 4), and adjusting the flow of the ambient air entering the air inlet in the step 2) and the step 5) according to the difference value between the monitoring value and the set value of the nitrogen oxides, thereby adjusting the reducing media CO and H in the high-temperature flue gas2The content of (A);
n1 is N2 which are positive integers;
the reversing chambers A1-A4 refer to the internal space of the reversing valve, which distributes or converges smoke or air when the valve plate of the reversing valve is at the initial position or the final position;
the reversing chamber A1 is communicated with the reversing chamber A2 through N1U-shaped regenerators, and the reversing chamber A3 is communicated with the reversing chamber A4 through N2U-shaped regenerators;
the initial position or the final position refers to the position of the valve plate of the reversing valve when the reversing chamber A1 and the reversing chamber A4 are separated and the reversing chamber A2 and the reversing chamber A3 are separated.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the reversing valve is switched between the initial and final positions, reversing chamber a1 communicates with reversing chamber a4 and reversing chamber a2 communicates with reversing chamber A3.
3. The utility model provides an industrial furnace flue gas denitration and heat recovery's device which characterized in that: the device mainly comprises a heating furnace and an air distribution control system thereof, a U-shaped regenerative chamber, a reversing valve, an air inlet and outlet module, a flue gas inlet and outlet module and a reversing valve driving device; the reversing valve is integrally cylindrical, the U-shaped heat storage chambers, the air inlet and outlet modules and the smoke inlet and outlet modules which are in fan-shaped shapes are annularly arranged around the reversing valve, the air inlet and outlet modules, the reversing valve and the smoke inlet and outlet modules are positioned on the diameter of the reversing valve, and the U-shaped heat storage chambers are evenly distributed on two sides of the diameter of the reversing valve; the air inlet and outlet module is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the flue gas inlet and outlet module is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet through a reversing valve and a U-shaped heat storage chamber, the air outlet is communicated with an inlet of a burner of a heating furnace, a high-temperature flue gas outlet of the heating furnace is communicated with the flue gas inlet, the flue gas inlet is communicated with the flue gas outlet through the reversing valve and the U-shaped heat storage chamber, the flue gas outlet is connected with the air inlet through an air distribution control system, and a catalyst is arranged in the U-shaped heat storage chamber.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the air distribution control system comprises an online monitor, an air blower and an adjusting valve, wherein the adjusting valve is arranged on a pipeline between the air blower and an air inlet, and the online monitor is respectively connected with the flue gas outlet, the air blower and the adjusting valve.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the U-shaped regenerator comprises a regenerator body, a regenerator intermediate baffle and a tail passage, the regenerator is divided into an upper regenerator layer and a lower regenerator layer by the regenerator intermediate baffle, the regenerators are filled in the upper regenerator layer and the lower regenerator layer, the upper regenerator layer and the lower regenerator layer are communicated through the tail passage, and a catalyst with denitration reaction activity or a combined/embedded structure of the denitration catalyst and the regenerator body is laid on the surface of the regenerator body.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the reversing valve comprises a valve cover, a valve shell, a valve shaft, a reversing valve interface clapboard, a reversing valve intermediate clapboard and a valve plate, wherein the valve plate comprises an upper baffle and a lower baffle; the upper baffle and the lower baffle are coaxial and rotate synchronously along with the valve shaft, and the mounting directions of the upper baffle and the lower baffle are completely consistent.
7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the air inlet and outlet module comprises an air side reversing valve interface, an air inlet and outlet middle partition plate, an air outlet and an air inlet, the air side reversing valve interface is communicated with the air interface of the reversing valve, the air inlet and outlet middle partition plate is in contact sealing with the reversing valve interface partition plate, the air inlet and outlet middle partition plate partitions the air inlet and outlet module, an upper layer channel and a lower layer channel are formed in the air inlet and outlet module, one end of the upper layer channel is communicated with an upper cavity of the reversing valve, and the other end of the upper layer channel is communicated with the air outlet; one end of the lower channel is communicated with the lower chamber of the reversing valve, and the other end of the lower channel is communicated with the air inlet.
8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the smoke inlet and outlet module comprises a smoke side reversing valve interface, a smoke inlet and outlet middle partition plate, a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, the smoke side reversing valve interface is communicated with the smoke interface of the reversing valve, and the smoke inlet and outlet middle partition plate is in contact sealing with the reversing valve interface partition plate. The middle partition plate of the flue gas inlet and outlet divides the flue gas inlet and outlet module, so that an upper channel and a lower channel are formed inside the flue gas inlet and outlet module, wherein one end of the upper channel is communicated with the upper chamber of the reversing valve, and the other end of the upper channel is communicated with the flue gas inlet; one end of the lower layer channel is communicated with the lower chamber of the reversing valve, and the other end of the lower layer channel is communicated with the flue gas outlet.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein: when the plane of the valve plate is positioned between the air inlet and outlet module and the flue gas inlet and outlet, the inner cavity of the reversing valve is divided into four reversing chambers by the valve plate and the middle partition plate of the reversing valve, the four reversing chambers are arranged counterclockwise from top to bottom from left to right and sequentially comprise a reversing chamber A1, a reversing chamber A2, a reversing chamber A3 and a reversing chamber A4.
CN202010545057.5A 2020-06-16 2020-06-16 Method and device for denitration and heat recovery of industrial furnace flue gas Active CN111701446B (en)

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