CN111698405A - Parallel compression sensing imaging device - Google Patents
Parallel compression sensing imaging device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111698405A CN111698405A CN202010506372.7A CN202010506372A CN111698405A CN 111698405 A CN111698405 A CN 111698405A CN 202010506372 A CN202010506372 A CN 202010506372A CN 111698405 A CN111698405 A CN 111698405A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
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Abstract
The invention relates to a parallel compressed sensing imaging device, and belongs to the technical field of imaging. The imaging device comprises a light source, an optical coupler, an optical fiber array, a transmitting lens, a receiving lens and a single-pixel detector which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path; the optical fiber array is connected with the optical coupler through a plurality of transmission optical fibers, and each transmission optical fiber is provided with an optical switch for gating and controlling a multi-path transmission optical fiber channel; the device also comprises a driving mechanism used for changing the projection direction of the light beam on the target object. The optical switch and the optical fiber array form a modulation template to modulate the light beam in the imaging device, and because adjacent optical fibers in the optical fiber array have certain gaps, in order to avoid the problem of interval sampling caused by the gaps, the all-round scanning is completed through the driving mechanism, the acquisition of all details of a target object is ensured, and the optical fiber array has extremely strong expansibility, so that extremely high image resolution can be obtained, and the imaging device has a simple integral structure and a wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a parallel compressed sensing imaging device, and belongs to the technical field of imaging.
Background
The single-pixel camera is a novel imaging device which is developed rapidly in recent years, can realize the surface imaging of a target by using a single-pixel detector, and an image reconstruction algorithm of the single-pixel camera is mainly based on a compressed sensing theory. The theory of compressed sensing states that: for a compressible signal, it can be data sampled and accurately reconstructed in a manner that is below or well below the nyquist criterion. Unlike shannon's theorem, compressed sensing does not measure the signal itself directly, it uses non-adaptive linear projection (the sensing matrix) to obtain the overall construction of the signal to directly obtain important information, ignoring information that would be discarded in lossy compression. Once this theory is proposed, it has attracted much attention in the fields of image processing, image compression, pattern recognition, astronomy, atmospheric observation, optical/microwave imaging, and the like.
However, the single-pixel compression imaging is to output the compression-sampled image signal in a serial working manner, which is time-consuming, and if a high-resolution image is required, the amount of calculation and the amount of memory are very large, and the single-pixel compression imaging has certain limitations for the compression imaging of a moving scene or a video image. Therefore, a system for parallel compressed sensing imaging is proposed, and the method can obtain a high-resolution image on the basis of greatly reducing the sampling times and the sampling time, so that the real-time performance of imaging is improved. For example: the application publication number of the chinese patent application CN 107727238A discloses an infrared parallel compression imaging system and an imaging method based on mask modulation, which realize parallel compression imaging through a moving mask, and although the problems of large occupied space and high manufacturing cost of the imaging system based on the mask are solved to a certain extent, the resolution of imaging is still to be improved due to the limitation of the mask itself.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a parallel compressed sensing imaging device, which is used for solving the problem of low imaging resolution of the existing device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a technical solution of a parallel compressive sensing imaging device, which includes a light source, an optical coupler, an optical fiber array, a transmitting lens, a receiving lens, and a single-pixel detector sequentially arranged along a light path direction;
a light source for emitting a light beam;
the optical coupler is used for dividing the received light beam into a plurality of paths of light beams;
an optical fiber array for outputting a light beam; the optical fiber array is connected with the optical coupler through a plurality of transmission optical fibers, and each transmission optical fiber is provided with an optical switch for gating and controlling a multi-path transmission optical fiber channel;
the transmitting lens is used for projecting the light beams output by the optical fiber array onto a target object to be imaged;
a receiving lens for focusing a light beam reflected by a target object to be imaged;
the single-pixel detector is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the focused light beam;
the driving mechanism is connected with the emission lens and is used for driving the emission lens to move on a plane vertical to the optical axis; or the driving mechanism is connected with the optical fiber array and used for driving the optical fiber array to move on the focal plane of the emission lens, so that the projection direction of the light beam projected on the target object to be imaged is changed.
The parallel compressed sensing imaging device has the beneficial effects that: in the imaging device, after the light beam is emitted by the light source, the light beam sequentially passes through the optical coupler, the transmission optical fiber, the optical fiber array and the transmitting lens to irradiate on a target object to be imaged, and is reflected by the target object to be imaged and received by the single-pixel detector through the receiving lens, and high-resolution imaging can be completed only by controlling the state of the optical switch and the action of the driving mechanism in the imaging process. The optical switch and the optical fiber array form a modulation template to modulate the light beam, and because adjacent optical fibers in the optical fiber array have a certain gap, in order to avoid the problem of interval sampling caused by the gap, the omnibearing scanning is completed through the driving mechanism, and the acquisition of all details of a target object is ensured. The optical fiber array in the imaging device has extremely strong expansibility, so that extremely high image resolution can be obtained, and the imaging device has a simple integral structure and a wide application range.
The controller is connected with the optical switch and the driving mechanism and is used for controlling the state of the optical switch and the action of the driving mechanism; and the controller is connected with the single-pixel detector and used for receiving the electric signals of the single-pixel detector to realize parallel compressed sensing imaging.
Further, the optical switch is a mechanical optical switch or a liquid crystal optical switch.
Furthermore, the arrangement mode of the light output ports in the optical fiber array is square, circular or hexagonal.
Further, in order to realize all-directional imaging, the driving mechanism is a micro scanner.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the omnibearing imaging, the movement displacement and the movement times of the micro scanner are determined according to the distance between adjacent optical fibers in the optical fiber array and the diameter of the fiber core of the transmission optical fiber.
Further, to ensure complete coverage of the field of view of the emission, the focal length of the receive lens is less than the focal length of the emission lens.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a parallel compressive sensing imaging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an optical fiber array of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the scan path of the present invention;
FIG. 4-1 is a schematic representation of the beam output of the fiber array of the present invention along the direction of light propagation for a first measurement matrix;
FIG. 4-2 is a schematic representation of the beam output of a fiber array corresponding to a second measurement matrix of the present invention along the direction of light propagation;
4-3 are schematic diagrams of the beam output of the fiber array of the present invention along the light propagation direction corresponding to the third measurement matrix;
FIGS. 4-4 are schematic diagrams of the beam output of a fourth fiber array according to the present invention along the light propagation direction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of sub-images obtained by parallel computation according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sub-image stitching principle of the present invention;
in the figure: the system comprises a laser 1, an optical coupler 2, an optical switch 3, an optical fiber array 4, a micro scanner 5, a transmitting lens 6, a target object to be imaged 7, a receiving lens 8, a single-pixel detector 9 and a general control circuit 10.
Detailed Description
Parallel compressive sensing imaging device embodiment:
the parallel compressive sensing imaging device comprises a laser 1, an optical coupler 2, an optical fiber array 4, a transmitting lens 6, a receiving lens 8 and a single-pixel detector 9 which are sequentially arranged along a light path direction, and further comprises a master control circuit 10 and a micro scanner 5, as shown in fig. 1.
The parameters and effects of each device are described in detail below with the goal of capturing an image of the target within a1 ° × 1 ° field of view.
The laser 1 is used as a light source for emitting a light beam, the frequency of the laser 1 is 10KHz, the pulse output is 160 muj, the single pulse energy is 2ns, and the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the laser 1 is not limited in the invention.
The optical coupler 2 is used to realize splitting of the light beam, that is, to split a light beam emitted by the laser 1 into multiple light beams, in this embodiment, the optical coupler 2 has 1 input and 16 outputs, that is, 1 laser energy is averaged to 16 optical fibers for output.
The optical fiber array 4 is connected with the optical coupler 2 through 16 transmission optical fibers, the diameter of the fiber core of each transmission optical fiber is 50 μm, the optical fiber array 4 is 4 × 4 optical fiber array 4 as shown in fig. 2, the distance between adjacent optical fibers is 300 μm, and the arrangement mode of the optical output ports is square arrangement.
The optical switches 3 are arranged on the transmission optical fibers, and the optical switches 3 are mechanical 4 x 4 optical switches 3 which correspond to the optical fiber arrays 4 one by one and are used for gating and controlling the light beams of each transmission optical fiber; the optical switch 3 and the optical fiber array 4 form a sampling template, and modulate 16 paths of light beams output by the optical coupler 2.
The transmitting lens 6 is used for projecting the light beams output by the optical fiber array 4 onto a target object 7 to be imaged; since the optical fiber array 4 is a4 × 4 optical fiber array 4, the adjacent optical fibers have a pitch of 300 μm, and it is required to capture an image of a target within a field of view of 1 ° × 1 °, the scanning range of the optical fiber array 4 as a light beam emitting end is 300 μm × 4 ═ 1.2mm, the focal length of the emission lens 6 is (1.2mm/2)/tan (1 °/2) ═ 68.75mm, and the end face of the optical fiber array 4 is located at the focal plane of the emission lens 6.
A receiving lens 8 for focusing the light beam reflected by the target 7 to be imaged; the focal length of the receiving lens 8 should be less than or equal to that of the transmitting lens 6, so that it can completely cover the transmitting field of view. The optical axis of the receiving lens 8 is arranged parallel to the optical axis of the transmitting lens 6.
And the single-pixel detector 9 is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the focused light beam, and the light signal obtained by the single-pixel detector 9 at each time is the sum of the reflected light signals. The single-pixel detector 9 selects a PMT device with the size of a photosensitive surface being more than or equal to 1.2mm multiplied by 1.2 mm; to ensure that the receiving field of view completely covers the transmitting field of view.
The micro scanner 5 is used as a driving mechanism and is connected with the emission lens 6, and is used for driving the emission lens 6 to generate micro displacement motion on a plane vertical to the optical axis, so that the projection direction of the laser light projected to the target object 7 to be imaged is changed.
The master control circuit 10 is used as a controller and is a core circuit of the imaging device, the master control circuit 10 is connected with the laser 1, the optical switch 3 and the micro scanner 5 in a control mode and used for controlling the working state of each device, meanwhile, the master control circuit 10 is also connected with the single-pixel detector 9, receives an electric signal of the single-pixel detector 9, and achieves parallel compression sensing imaging after the electric signal is calculated.
The following describes the control process of the overall control circuit 10, that is, the imaging process of the parallel compressive sensing imaging apparatus in detail.
Before imaging, the control logic of each device needs to be set:
first, a scanning path of the micro scanner 5 is set, since the core diameter of the transmission fiber is 50 μm, and the pitch between adjacent fibers in the fiber array 4 is 300 μm, in order to scan the entire target field of view, the micro scanner 5 is set to drive the emission lens 6 to move 6 × 6 times, each time by 50 μm, and to scan according to the path shown in fig. 3, an arrow represents the moving direction of the emission lens 3 with respect to the fiber array 4, and finally, the image resolution is (4 × 6) × (4 × 6) ═ 24 × 24.
Secondly, setting the optical switch 3 and the optical fiber array 4 to form a sampling measurement matrix (namely, an encoding template) of a sampling template, adopting a gaussian random matrix or a hadamard transformation matrix commonly used by a compressive sensing technology, and selecting 4 groups of measurement matrices a1, a2, A3 and a4 when the sampling rate is 0.25, wherein the time required for sampling is one fourth of that of the conventional scanning measurement method, and generally, the number of the measurement matrices is far less than the total number of transmission optical fibers.
The optical switch 3 opens and closes the optical fiber channels corresponding to the transmission optical fibers according to the measurement matrix, and directly corresponds to the output of the optical fiber array 4, as shown in fig. 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, and 4-4, the measurement matrix a1 corresponds to fig. 4-1, the measurement matrix a2 corresponds to fig. 4-2, the measurement matrix A3 corresponds to fig. 4-3, the measurement matrix a4 corresponds to fig. 4-4, and the places of circles in the figures represent the optical fiber channels (along the light propagation direction), wherein 0 in the matrix corresponds to a black circle in the figures, which represents closing of the corresponding optical fiber channel, and 1 in the matrix corresponds to a white circle in the figures, which represents opening of the corresponding optical fiber channel.
The master control circuit 10 controls the optical switch 3 in turn according to the sequence of the measurement matrixes a1, a2, A3 and a 4.
Finally, the pulse output of the laser 1 and the timing relationship between the pulse output of the laser 1 and the optical switch 3 and the micro scanner 5 are set.
In summary, the imaging process of the parallel compressive sensing imaging device is as follows:
1) the total control circuit 10 sets the measurement matrix of the optical switch 3 to a1 with the emission lens 6 at the origin position.
2) The master control circuit 10 sends an instruction to the laser 1, the laser 1 sends a laser pulse, after the laser pulse is transmitted according to the optical path shown in fig. 1, an echo signal (i.e., the emergent light of the receiving lens 8) is received by the single-pixel detector 9, and the master control circuit 10 records the signal intensity.
3) After the current laser pulse is finished and before the next laser pulse is emitted, the micro scanner 5 drives the emitting lens 6 to move once according to the scanning path as shown in fig. 3, the next laser pulse is emitted, the projection direction of the laser pulse projected on the target object 7 to be imaged is changed, the echo signal is received by the single pixel detector 9, and the signal intensity of the next laser pulse is recorded by the master control circuit 10.
4) And repeating the step 3), so that the transmitting lens 6 moves 36 times, and the overall control circuit 10 records 6 × 6 as 36 times until the transmitting lens 6 returns to the original point, and the first scanning round is finished, so as to obtain 36 recording results.
5) The master control circuit 10 sets the measurement matrix of the optical switch 3 to be A2, repeats the steps 2) to 4), finishes the second scanning, and obtains the recording results of 36 times.
6) The master control circuit 10 sets the measurement matrix of the optical switch 3 to be A3, repeats the steps 2) to 4), and finishes the third round of scanning, and obtains the recording results of 36 times.
7) The master control circuit 10 sets the measurement matrix of the optical switch 3 to be A4, repeats the steps 2) to 4), and finishes the fourth scanning, and obtains the recording results of 36 times.
8) The four scanning results are grouped, the 1 st recording result of each round of measurement is divided into a1 st group, the 2 nd recording result of each round of measurement is divided into a2 nd group, the 3 rd recording result of each round of measurement is divided into a3 rd group, … …, and the 36 th recording result of each round of measurement is divided into a 36 th group, so that each group contains 4 recording results.
9) By substituting the recording results of the measurement matrices a1, a2, A3, a4 and group 1 into the compressed sensing algorithm, a sub-image with a resolution of 4 × 4 pixels can be reconstructed, and 36 sub-images with a resolution of 4 × 4 pixels can be reconstructed by performing parallel calculation on the recording results of 36 groups, as shown in fig. 5.
10) The 36 sub-images are spliced according to the corresponding pixels in the manner shown in fig. 6, so that an image with a resolution of 24 × 24 pixels can be obtained, in fig. 6, the number 1.23 in the pixel indicates the 2 nd row and 3 rd column pixels of the 1 st sub-image, and so on.
In the above embodiments, the selection index of the optical fiber array 4 is low for easy understanding, but the optical fiber array 4 has very strong expansibility, which can be expanded to 100 × 100, 2000 × 1000, 4000 × 6000, etc., so as to obtain very high image resolution, and as another embodiment, the arrangement of the optical output ports may also be circular, hexagonal, etc., and only for different arrangements, the micro scanner 5 needs different scanning paths. And the optical fiber arrays 4 with different wavelengths or different modes can implement the technical solution of the present invention, which is not limited to this.
In the above embodiment, the optical switch 3 is a mechanical optical 3 switch as another embodiment, and the optical switch 3 may be an optical switch 3 based on different principles such as liquid crystal, electro-optical, and acousto-optical.
In the above embodiment, in order to realize the scanning of the whole target field of view, the driving mechanism is the micro scanner 5, and as another embodiment, the driving mechanism may be replaced by a two-dimensional displacement platform.
In the above embodiment, the micro scanner 5 drives the emission lens 6 to change the projection direction, and similarly, the micro scanner 5 may also be connected to the optical fiber array 4 to change the projection direction by driving the optical fiber array 4 to move on the focal plane of the emission lens 6, and the micro scanner 5 is preferably connected to drive the emission lens 6.
In the above embodiment, the sampling rate of the sampling template constituted by the optical switch 3 and the optical fiber array 4 is set to be 4, that is, the sampling rate is 0.25, as another embodiment, the sampling rate may also be set to be 1, the measurement matrix is 4 × 4 — 16, and the time required for sampling is equivalent to that of the conventional scanning measurement method; it is also possible to set the sampling rate to 0.5, the number of measurement matrices to 8, and the time required for sampling to be half of that of the conventional scanning measurement method.
In the above embodiment, the imaging process of the parallel compressive sensing imaging device is that the transmitting lens 6 moves 36 times under each measurement matrix to complete recording of each round, as another embodiment, in step 3), after the current laser pulse is finished and before the next laser pulse is emitted, the micro scanner 5 does not act, the measurement matrix of the optical switch 3 is changed, and then the result is recorded after the next laser pulse is emitted, and the change of the measurement matrix is repeated until the results of 4 measurement matrices are recorded. Then the micro scanner 5 drives the emission lens 6 to move 1 time, changes the measurement matrix to obtain the results of 4 measurement matrices, and so on, that is, under the movement displacement of each emission lens 6, changes the measurement matrix to obtain 4 recording results, completes 36 times of movement until the micro scanner 5 completes the scanning of all positions and returns to the initial position.
The invention adopts the optical switch 3, the optical fiber array 4 and the micro scanner 5 to realize high-resolution imaging, 24 × 24 pixels need to be measured 24 × 24 times to 576 times according to the traditional point scanning type imaging method, while the imaging device only needs to be measured 36 × 4 times to 144 times, thereby improving the imaging efficiency. The invention can be applied to the fields of industrial detection, regional monitoring, biomedical treatment, analytical instruments and the like.
Claims (7)
1. A parallel compression sensing imaging device is characterized by comprising a light source, an optical coupler, an optical fiber array, a transmitting lens, a receiving lens and a single-pixel detector which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path;
a light source for emitting a light beam;
the optical coupler is used for dividing the received light beam into a plurality of paths of light beams;
an optical fiber array for outputting a light beam; the optical fiber array is connected with the optical coupler through a plurality of transmission optical fibers, and each transmission optical fiber is provided with an optical switch for gating and controlling a multi-path transmission optical fiber channel;
the transmitting lens is used for projecting the light beams output by the optical fiber array onto a target object to be imaged;
a receiving lens for focusing a light beam reflected by a target object to be imaged;
the single-pixel detector is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the focused light beam;
the driving mechanism is connected with the emission lens and is used for driving the emission lens to move on a plane vertical to the optical axis; or the driving mechanism is connected with the optical fiber array and used for driving the optical fiber array to move on the focal plane of the emission lens, so that the projection direction of the light beam projected on the target object to be imaged is changed.
2. The parallel compressive sensing imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is connected to the optical switch and the driving mechanism for controlling the state of the optical switch and the action of the driving mechanism; and the controller is connected with the single-pixel detector and used for receiving the electric signals of the single-pixel detector to realize parallel compressed sensing imaging.
3. The parallel compressive sensing imaging device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical switch is a mechanical optical switch or a liquid crystal optical switch.
4. The parallel compressive sensing imaging device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the arrangement of the light output ports in the optical fiber array is square, circular or hexagonal.
5. The parallel compressive sensing imaging device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the driving mechanism is a micro scanner.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the displacement and the number of movements of the micro-scanner are determined according to the distance between adjacent fibers in the fiber array and the diameter of the core of the transmission fiber.
7. The parallel compressive sensing imaging device of claim 1, wherein the focal length of the receive lens is less than the focal length of the transmit lens.
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