CN111694191A - Liquid crystal display and liquid crystal display system - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display and liquid crystal display system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111694191A CN111694191A CN201910182086.7A CN201910182086A CN111694191A CN 111694191 A CN111694191 A CN 111694191A CN 201910182086 A CN201910182086 A CN 201910182086A CN 111694191 A CN111694191 A CN 111694191A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid crystal display and a liquid crystal display system, wherein the liquid crystal display adopts an ultraviolet light alignment method for alignment, and the liquid crystal display comprises: a first substrate; the second substrate is arranged on the opposite surface of the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal composition comprising a rod-like liquid crystal and a chiral liquid crystal. The chiral liquid crystal is added into the liquid crystal layer, so that liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer have nematic phase characteristics, and under the condition that the ultraviolet light alignment direction is matched with the specific liquid crystal alignment direction, dark stripes of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are improved, and the penetration rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of display, and particularly relates to a liquid crystal display and a liquid crystal display system.
Background
With the development of science and technology, Liquid Crystal displays (LCD for short) are widely used, such as Liquid Crystal televisions, mobile phones, computer screens, digital cameras, and the like.
A conventional Liquid Crystal display generally includes a Color Filter Substrate (CF), a Thin Film Transistor Array Substrate (TFT), and a Liquid Crystal Layer (LCL) filled between the CF Substrate and the TFT Substrate. In the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal layer crystal molecules are arranged according to a specific direction and an angle by an alignment technology. Common alignment technologies include a rubbing alignment method and an ultraviolet alignment method (Ultra Violet, abbreviated as UV), wherein the rubbing alignment method can only perform alignment in one horizontal direction and is widely applied in the field of liquid crystal displays, but the liquid crystal displays at present need a large viewing angle; the ultraviolet vertical alignment method in UV can realize the state that all liquid crystal molecules incline to the design direction through the alignment film, and enhances the visual angle performance of the liquid crystal display, so the method is widely applied to the alignment of the liquid crystal display.
However, in the current uv alignment process, a TFT substrate and a CF substrate are generally aligned vertically and horizontally, and after the TFT substrate and the CF substrate are boxed, the lcd forms 4 regions in one pixel unit, but the alignment may form dark fringes at the boundary of the regions, which affects the transmittance of the lcd.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display and a liquid crystal display system. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a liquid crystal display, which adopts an ultraviolet alignment method for alignment and comprises the following components:
a first substrate;
the second substrate is disposed on the opposite surface of the first substrate 30;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal composition comprising a rod-like liquid crystal and a chiral liquid crystal.
In one embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, the pitch of the liquid crystal composition is p, the ratio of the thickness d to the pitch p is n/20, and the value of n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is 2 μm to 5 μm.
In an embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystal display further includes a first polarizing plate disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizing plate disposed on a side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.
In an embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystal display further includes a first ITO electrode layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and a second ITO electrode layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
In an embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystal display further includes a first PI alignment layer and a second PI alignment layer, the first PI alignment layer is disposed between the first ITO electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and the second PI alignment layer is disposed between the first ITO electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of alignment regions formed on the first PI alignment layer and the second PI alignment layer is 2 × N1，N1≥1，N1Is a positive integer.
In one embodiment of the invention, the number of the alignment regions is 2^ N2,N2≥2，N2Is a positive integer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first substrate is a color filter substrate, and the second substrate is a thin film transistor array substrate.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display system including the liquid crystal display as described in any one of the above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the chiral liquid crystal is added into the liquid crystal layer, so that liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer have nematic phase characteristics, and under the condition that the ultraviolet light alignment direction is matched with the specific liquid crystal alignment direction, dark stripes of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are improved, and the penetration rate is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal mixture in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3 a-3 b are schematic views of alignment structures of a TFT substrate and a CF substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention, which generates 4 regions in an ultraviolet alignment process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of simulated liquid crystal directors of an LCD according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6a to 6c are schematic diagrams illustrating dark fringes produced by different d/p of a liquid crystal display in an ultraviolet alignment process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7a to 7b are schematic diagrams illustrating a comparison between details of dark fringes generated by a conventional uv alignment process for a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention and a uv alignment process for a liquid crystal display according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the transmittance ratio of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention under different d/p.
Description of reference numerals:
a first polarizing plate 10; a second polarizing plate 20; a first substrate 30; a second substrate 40; a first ITO electrode layer 50; a second ITO electrode layer 60; a first alignment layer 70; a second alignment layer 80; a liquid crystal layer 90; a rod-like liquid crystal 901; chiral liquid crystal 902.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the invention. The embodiment of the invention provides a liquid crystal display, which adopts an ultraviolet light alignment method for alignment, and comprises the following components:
a first substrate 30;
a second substrate 40 disposed on the opposite surface of the first substrate 30;
the liquid crystal layer 90 is disposed between the first substrate 30 and the second substrate 40, and the liquid crystal layer 90 includes a liquid crystal composition including a rod-shaped liquid crystal 901 and a chiral liquid crystal 902.
Preferably, the ratio of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 90 to the pitch p of the liquid crystal composition is n/20, and the value of n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5; the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 90 is set to 2 μm to 5 μm.
Specifically, the current methods for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal display include a rubbing method and a UV alignment method, and before the UV alignment technology, the method for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal display is performed on a polymer film by a rubbing method, and the rubbing alignment method can perform alignment only in one horizontal direction and is widely used in the field of the liquid crystal display. The UV alignment method utilizes ultraviolet irradiation to control the alignment of liquid crystal molecules, avoids surface pollution of the first substrate 30 and the second substrate 40 or scratch to alignment films in the rubbing alignment process, and can realize multi-area alignment through an ultraviolet light photomask so as to achieve the purpose of expanding the visual angle of the liquid crystal display. A conventional Patterned Vertical Alignment (PVA) lcd uses an edge field effect and a compensation plate to achieve the purpose of wide viewing angle, and a Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) lcd divides a pixel into a plurality of regions, and uses a Protrusion (e.g., projection) or a specific patterned structure of ITO (e.g., Electrode Slit) to tilt liquid crystal molecules in different regions in different directions, thereby providing a wide viewing angle and improving transmittance.
The ultraviolet light alignment process is a vertical alignment technology for liquid crystal alignment by adopting ultraviolet rays, and the alignment technology omits a bulge, an electrode slit or a compensation plate for controlling liquid crystal molecule alignment in the MVA and PVA alignment processes, so that the aperture opening ratio, the contrast and the influence speed of the liquid crystal display can be improved, the process difficulty of the liquid crystal display can be greatly reduced, the production procedure is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is saved.
The key of the ultraviolet alignment process is the alignment film, the alignment film realizes the state that all liquid crystal molecules incline to the preset direction, the high polymer main chain on the surface of the alignment film inclines along the high polymer main chain along with the ultraviolet irradiation direction, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 90 incline to the same direction at the same time through the electric field control, and therefore uniform brightness and high contrast are obtained, and the display of the liquid crystal display image is realized.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal mixture in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the invention. In order to solve the above problem, in the uv alignment process, the chiral liquid crystal 902 is doped into the original rod-shaped liquid crystal 901 of the liquid crystal layer 90, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 90 form a spiral structure, as shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, the rod includes Liquid Crystal molecules (LC), m represents a director of the Liquid Crystal molecules, and the pitch p corresponds to a distance after the director of the Liquid Crystal molecules in the Liquid Crystal layer 90 rotates fully by 360 °, so that the Liquid Crystal molecules in the Liquid Crystal layer 90 with the chiral Liquid Crystal 902 are distributed in a nematic phase (nematic phase), and the nematic Liquid Crystal can better realize that the Liquid Crystal molecules tilt in the same direction at the same time, so as to obtain uniform brightness and high contrast, thereby realizing the display of the Liquid Crystal display image. In the uv alignment process, most of the conventional liquid crystal layer 90 is rod-shaped liquid crystal, and at this time, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 90 do not have a pitch p, and the structure of the conventional liquid crystal layer 90 has a lot of dark fringes due to the Fringe Field relationship of the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, in the embodiment, the chiral liquid crystal and the rod-shaped liquid crystal are mixed, and the required nematic phase is adjusted by controlling the ratio of d/p, so that the dark fringes generated after the ultraviolet light is aligned are improved. In this embodiment, the optimal ratio d/p of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 90 to the pitch p of the liquid crystal composition is n/20, n is 1-5, and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 90 is 2-5 μm, so that the value range of d can be better adjusted and controlled to obtain a liquid crystal with nematic phase characteristics, thereby improving dark fringes generated after alignment and increasing the transmittance of the liquid crystal.
In this embodiment, a chiral liquid crystal is doped into a rod-shaped liquid crystal, so that liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 90 have a chiral property, a required nematic phase is adjusted by controlling d/p, and the existing ultraviolet alignment technology and pixel structure thereof are used, so as to improve dark fringes generated after ultraviolet alignment and improve the transmittance of the liquid crystal display.
Further, the liquid crystal display further includes a first polarizing plate 10 and a second polarizing plate 20, the first polarizing plate 10 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 30 away from the liquid crystal layer 90, and the second polarizing plate 20 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 40 away from the liquid crystal layer 90.
Specifically, the absorption axes (or transmission axes) of the first polarizing plate 10 and the second polarizing plate 20 are perpendicular in the present embodiment.
Further, the liquid crystal display further includes a first ITO electrode layer 50 and a second ITO electrode layer 60, wherein the first ITO electrode layer 50 is disposed between the first substrate 30 and the liquid crystal layer 90, and the second ITO electrode layer 60 is disposed between the second substrate 40 and the liquid crystal layer 90.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first ITO electrode layer 50 and the second ITO electrode layer 60 respectively provide driving voltages to the first substrate 30 and the second substrate 40, and the driving voltages simultaneously incline the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 90 in the same direction. In the uv alignment process, the driving voltage provided by the first ITO electrode layer 50 and the second ITO electrode layer 60 is generally not higher than 8V, and the maximum driving voltage of the liquid crystal display is about 8V because the driving voltage is higher to generate the problem of power consumption.
Preferably, the driving voltage of the present embodiment is 7V.
Further, the liquid crystal display further includes a first PI alignment layer 70 and a second PI alignment layer 80, the first PI alignment layer 70 is disposed between the first ITO electrode layer 50 and the liquid crystal layer 90, and the second PI alignment layer 80 is disposed between the second ITO electrode layer 60 and the liquid crystal layer 90.
Specifically, as can be seen from the above, the key of the ultraviolet alignment technology is the alignment film, in this embodiment, the first PI alignment layer 70 and the second PI alignment layer 80 are respectively added between the first ITO electrode layer 50 and the liquid crystal layer 90, and between the second ITO electrode layer 60 and the liquid crystal layer 90, when the ultraviolet rays irradiate the first PI alignment layer 70 and the second PI alignment layer 80, the first PI alignment layer 70 and the second PI alignment layer 80 use the special polymer material as the alignment film, and the polymer main chain on the surface can realize the tilt of all liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 90 to the design direction, so as to control the tilt of the liquid crystal molecules along the ultraviolet direction with high precision. The special polymer material may be polyimide.
Further, the number of alignment regions formed on the first PI alignment layer 70 and the second PI alignment layer 80 is 2 × N1，N1≥1，N1Is a positive integer.
Further, the number of alignment regions is 2^ N2,N2≥2，N2To be just neatAnd (4) counting.
Preferably, the number of alignment regions is 4.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3a to 3b, fig. 3a to 3b are schematic diagrams of alignment structures of a TFT substrate and a CF substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of an alignment structure of a TFT substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of an alignment structure of a CF substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. The first substrate 30 and the second substrate 40 of this embodiment are a color filter substrate (CF substrate) and a thin film transistor array substrate (TFT substrate), respectively. The TFT substrate and the CF substrate respectively include a plurality of pixel units, and in order to realize that each pixel unit generates a 4-region structure, the optical alignment of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate of this embodiment divides the TFT substrate and the CF substrate into a left portion and a right portion, and an upper portion and a lower portion, respectively. The alignment directions of the left part and the right part of the TFT substrate are opposite, the alignment direction of the left part is from top to bottom, and the alignment direction of the right part is from bottom to top; the alignment directions of the upper and lower portions of the CF substrate are opposite, the alignment direction of the upper portion is from right to left, and the alignment direction of the lower portion is from left to right.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention generating 4 regions under an ultraviolet alignment process. The CF substrate and the TFT substrate are subjected to alignment treatment by adopting an ultraviolet alignment method, the alignment of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate is as shown in fig. 3a and fig. 3b, after the liquid crystal layer 90 is formed into a box, each liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal layer 90 forms a 2x 2-4 area, the 4 areas are respectively an upper left area, a lower left area, an upper right area and a lower right area, the rotating directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the 4 areas are as shown by solid arrows in fig. 4, the rotating directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the upper left area, the lower left area, the upper right area and the lower right area after alignment are different, and the rotating directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the adjacent areas are mutually vertical, so that a larger visual eye angle is realized. In this embodiment, the ultraviolet vertical alignment mode of the 4 regions of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 90 is specifically as follows: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a CF substrate pixel unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part, a light leakage gap of a CF substrate ultraviolet light photomask covers the upper half part of the CF substrate pixel unit for irradiation, so that the upper half part of a CF substrate is aligned, then, a light leakage gap of the CF substrate ultraviolet light photomask covers the lower half part of the CF substrate pixel unit for irradiation, so that the lower half part of the CF substrate is aligned, wherein when the upper part and the lower part of the CF substrate are irradiated by ultraviolet light, the irradiation directions are opposite, namely the alignment directions of the upper half part and the lower half part of the CF substrate pixel unit are opposite, and the alignment mode of the CF substrate is a scanning exposure mode; and secondly, dividing the TFT substrate pixel unit into a left part and a right part, wherein the light leakage gap of the TFT substrate ultraviolet light photomask covers the left half part of the TFT substrate pixel unit for irradiation to complete the alignment of the left half part of the TFT substrate, and then the light leakage gap of the TFT substrate ultraviolet light photomask covers the right half part of the TFT substrate pixel unit for irradiation to complete the alignment of the right half part of the TFT substrate, wherein when the left part and the right part of the TFT substrate are irradiated by ultraviolet light, the irradiation directions are opposite, namely the alignment directions of the left half part and the right half part of the TFT substrate pixel unit are opposite, and in order to achieve a better alignment effect, the alignment mode of the TFT substrate is a Shot exposure mode.
The light distribution directions of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate are not limited to the light distribution directions of the CF substrate and the TFT substrate in fig. 3a to 3b, and the light distribution directions of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate may be reversed, that is, the light distribution directions of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate divide the TFT substrate and the CF substrate into an upper portion, a lower portion, and a left portion and a right portion, respectively. The alignment directions of the upper part and the lower part of the TFT substrate are opposite, the alignment direction of the upper part is from right to left, and the alignment direction of the lower part is from left to right; the alignment directions of the left and right portions of the CF substrate are opposite, the alignment direction of the left portion is from top to bottom, and the alignment direction of the right portion is from bottom to top. Under the ultraviolet light alignment technology, 4 regions of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 90 are realized, and the ultraviolet light vertical alignment mode specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a TFT substrate pixel unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part, a light leakage gap of a TFT substrate ultraviolet light photomask covers the upper half part of the TFT substrate pixel unit for irradiation to complete the alignment of the upper half part of the TFT substrate, and then the light leakage gap of the TFT substrate ultraviolet light photomask covers the lower half part of the TFT substrate pixel unit for irradiation to complete the alignment of the lower half part of the TFT substrate, wherein when the upper part and the lower part of the TFT substrate are subjected to ultraviolet irradiation, the irradiation directions are opposite, namely the alignment directions of the upper half part and the lower half part of the TFT substrate pixel unit are opposite, and the alignment mode of the TFT substrate is a scanning exposure mode; and secondly, dividing the CF substrate pixel unit into a left part and a right part, wherein the light leakage gap of the CF substrate ultraviolet light photomask covers the left half part of the CF substrate pixel unit for irradiation to complete the alignment of the left half part of the CF substrate, and then the light leakage gap of the CF substrate ultraviolet light photomask covers the right half part of the CF substrate pixel unit for irradiation to complete the alignment of the right half part of the CF substrate, wherein when the left part and the right part of the CF substrate are irradiated by ultraviolet rays, the irradiation directions are opposite, namely the alignment directions of the left half part and the right half part of the CF substrate pixel unit are opposite, and in order to achieve a better alignment effect, the alignment mode of the CF substrate is a Shot exposure mode.
According to the change of the ultraviolet irradiation direction, the present embodiment can obtain 2 kinds of photo-alignment structure combinations of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate, one is the TFT substrate with left and right alignment and the CF substrate with up and down alignment as shown in fig. 3a to 3 b; the other is that the TFT substrate is vertically aligned, and the CF substrate is horizontally aligned; in any photo-alignment structure combination of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate, due to the dual actions of the UV photo-alignment on the two sides of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate and the fringe electric fields of the first ITO electrode layer 50 and the second ITO electrode layer 60, the swastika dark stripes or swastika dark stripes shown in fig. 4 appear in 4 areas formed by the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 90, which are collectively called as the Wanzi dark stripes, and the dark stripes are cross-shaped in the middle and occupy half of the edges. The transmissivity of the opening area of the liquid crystal molecule pixel is seriously influenced by the dark stripes in Chinese character 'Wan', and particularly, the transmissivity becomes the bottleneck of the photoalignment technology along with the increase of the number of pixels per inch of the liquid crystal display screen.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simulated liquid crystal director of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, in order to solve the above problem, a CHIRAL liquid crystal is added to the liquid crystal layer 90 on the ultraviolet light alignment structure, please refer to fig. 2 again, after the CHIRAL liquid crystal is added to the liquid crystal layer 90, the liquid crystal layer 90 is in a spiral structure, and a phase difference is generated at a position where "swastika dark streaks" or "swastika dark streaks" originally appear due to the action of the CHIRAL liquid Crystal (CHIRAL), specifically please refer to fig. 5 again, the simulated liquid crystal director in fig. 5 includes a liquid crystal carton vector near the TFT substrate, a liquid crystal director near the center of the liquid crystal box, and a liquid crystal director near the CF substrate, and the diagram on the right side of fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulated liquid crystal director at the center of the liquid crystal box, it can be seen that the liquid crystal molecules rotate from the counterclockwise direction, wherein the liquid crystal director near the TFT substrate is the liquid crystal director near the outer side, the liquid crystal director near the CF substrate is the liquid, the liquid crystal director clamped close to the TFT substrate and the liquid crystal director close to the CF substrate are liquid crystal directors close to the center of the liquid crystal box, and the simulated liquid crystal directors at other positions of the liquid crystal box are similar to the center of the liquid crystal box. As can be seen from the figure, the liquid crystal carton vectors near the TFT substrate, the liquid crystal directors near the center of the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal directors near the CF substrate do not coincide with each other, and the absorption axes of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate are vertically arranged, so that a phase difference is generated by the light passing through the liquid crystal panel, in the ultraviolet light alignment process, when there is no CHIRAL liquid crystal (CHIRAL liquid crystal CHIRAL) in the liquid crystal layer 90 of the conventional liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal axis of the liquid crystal cell is perpendicular or parallel to the absorption axes of the first polarizing plate 10 and the second polarizing plate 20, and at this time, the liquid crystal directors near the TFT substrate, the liquid crystal directors near the center of the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal directors near the CF substrate coincide with each other, so that no phase difference is generated, and therefore, dark fringes are easily generated, and in this embodiment, after the CHIRAL liquid crystal is added to the liquid crystal layer 90, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 90 do not, The absorption axis of the second polarizer 20 is not vertical or parallel, and the liquid crystal director near the TFT substrate, the liquid crystal director near the center of the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal director near the CF substrate do not coincide, so that a phase difference is generated, and the existence of the phase difference increases the brightness of the dark fringes in the ultraviolet light alignment, thereby increasing the transmittance of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal cell. In fig. 5, two mutually perpendicular gray areas represent dark-striped areas, and the portions other than the gray areas represent bright areas.
Referring to fig. 6a to 6c, fig. 6a to 6c are schematic diagrams illustrating dark fringes produced by different d/p of a liquid crystal display in an ultraviolet alignment process according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of the dark fringes generated by ultraviolet light alignment when d/p is 0.05; FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of dark fringes generated by ultraviolet alignment when d/p is 0.1; FIG. 6c is a schematic diagram of dark fringes generated by UV alignment when d/p is 0.15. In this embodiment, the experimental simulation scenario of fig. 6a to 6c is a situation where the pitch p of the liquid crystal composition in the liquid crystal layer 90 is reduced and the thickness d of the liquid crystal cell is not changed, as can be seen from the figure, when the thickness d of the liquid crystal cell is not changed, along with the increase of the pitch p value of the liquid crystal composition, compared with the dark fringe generated in the ultraviolet light alignment of the conventional liquid crystal display in fig. 4, the brightness of the dark fringe in fig. 6a to 6c is all reduced, so that the transmittance of the dark fringe is increased, and further, the transmittance of the entire liquid crystal layer 90 is increased. In this embodiment, the driving voltages provided by the first ITO electrode layer 50 and the second ITO electrode layer 60 for ultraviolet alignment are both 7V.
Referring to fig. 7a to 7b, fig. 7a to 7b are schematic diagrams illustrating a comparison between the ultraviolet alignment of the conventional lcd and the dark fringe details generated by the ultraviolet alignment of the lcd according to the present invention. Fig. 7a is a schematic diagram of dark fringes generated by the conventional liquid crystal display in the ultraviolet alignment mode, and fig. 7b is a schematic diagram of dark fringes generated by the liquid crystal display in the ultraviolet alignment mode according to the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that, regardless of the conventional uv alignment of the liquid crystal display or the uv alignment of the liquid crystal display provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the brightness of the liquid crystal molecules in the entire liquid crystal cell is divided into two regions, which are a bright region and a dark fringe region, respectively, where first in fig. 7a to 7b indicates the bright region and second indicates the dark fringe region. As can be seen from the figure, after the ultraviolet light is aligned, the brightness of the dark fringe area is improved in the present embodiment when d/p of fig. 7b is 0.15 compared with the bright area and the dark fringe area of fig. 7a and 7b under the first polarizing plate 10 and the second polarizing plate 20 which are orthogonal at 0-90 degrees, so that the brightness of the liquid crystal molecules of the entire liquid crystal cell is improved, the transmittance of the dark fringe is improved, and further the transmittance of the entire liquid crystal layer 90 is improved. However, the brightness of the bright area is affected by too high d/p, so the value of d/p is limited to be between 0.05 and 0.25 in this embodiment, that is, the value of d/p exceeds 0.25, the brightness of the bright area will be greatly reduced, and the brightness gain of the dark fringe area cannot compensate the brightness gain lost by the bright area, so that the overall brightness of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 90 is reduced instead, which is not favorable for improving the transmittance.
To further illustrate the advantages of the liquid crystal display of this embodiment, a comparison experiment was performed between the conventional uv alignment and the uv alignment based on the liquid crystal display of this embodiment. Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating transmittance comparison of a liquid crystal display at different d/p according to an embodiment of the invention. It can be seen that, when the value of d/p is 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, under any driving voltage, the transmittance of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment under the ultraviolet alignment is higher than that of the conventional liquid crystal display; in this embodiment, when the value of d/p is 0.2 and 0.25, the transmittance of the uv alignment of the conventional lcd is slightly higher than that of the lcd of this embodiment under low driving voltage, but under high driving voltage, for example, the driving voltage is 8V, the transmittance of the uv alignment of the conventional lcd is decreased, but the transmittance of the uv alignment of the lcd of this embodiment is increased. However, the maximum driving voltage of the liquid crystal display product is about 8V at present due to the problem of energy consumption caused by too high driving voltage.
In summary, in the present embodiment, when the ultraviolet alignment direction is matched with the specific liquid crystal alignment direction, the chiral liquid crystal is added to the liquid crystal layer 90, and the ratio of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 90 to the pitch p of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 90 is controlled to be within the range of d/p being not less than 0.05 and not more than 0.25, at this time, the dark fringes of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 90 are improved, and the transmittance is improved.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display system, which includes any of the above-mentioned liquid crystal displays, and can implement the embodiments of the above-mentioned liquid crystal display, and the implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and are not described herein again.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The liquid crystal display is characterized in that the liquid crystal display adopts an ultraviolet alignment method for alignment, and the method comprises the following steps:
a first substrate (30);
a second substrate (40) disposed on the opposite surface of the first substrate (30);
a liquid crystal layer (90) disposed between the first substrate (30) and the second substrate (40), the liquid crystal layer (90) comprising a liquid crystal composition comprising a rod-like liquid crystal (901) and a chiral liquid crystal (902).
2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer (90) has a thickness d, the liquid crystal composition has a pitch p, a ratio of the thickness d to the pitch p is n/20, and n is 1. ltoreq. n.ltoreq.5.
3. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer (90) is 2 μm to 5 μm.
4. The lcd of claim 1, further comprising a first polarizing plate (10) and a second polarizing plate (20), wherein the first polarizing plate (10) is disposed on a side of the first substrate (30) away from the liquid crystal layer (90), and the second polarizing plate (20) is disposed on a side of the second substrate (40) away from the liquid crystal layer (90).
5. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, further comprising a first ITO electrode layer (50) and a second ITO electrode layer (60), wherein the first ITO electrode layer (50) is disposed between the first substrate (30) and the liquid crystal layer (90), and the second ITO electrode layer (60) is disposed between the second substrate (40) and the liquid crystal layer (90).
6. The LCD of claim 5, further comprising a first PI alignment layer (70) and a second PI alignment layer (80), the first PI alignment layer (70) being disposed between the first ITO electrode layer (50) and the liquid crystal layer (90), the second PI alignment layer (80) being disposed between the first ITO electrode layer (60) and the liquid crystal layer (90).
7. The liquid crystal display according to claim 6, wherein the number of alignment regions formed on the first PI alignment layer (70) and the second PI alignment layer (80) is 2N1，N1≥1，N1Is a positive integer.
8. The liquid crystal display of claim 7, wherein the number of alignment regions is 2^ N2，N2≥2，N2Is a positive integer.
9. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate (30) is a color filter substrate and the second substrate (40) is a thin film transistor array substrate.
10. A liquid crystal display system comprising the liquid crystal display according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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