CN111693995A - Inverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging vibration phase error estimation device and method - Google Patents

Inverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging vibration phase error estimation device and method Download PDF

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CN111693995A
CN111693995A CN202010555827.4A CN202010555827A CN111693995A CN 111693995 A CN111693995 A CN 111693995A CN 202010555827 A CN202010555827 A CN 202010555827A CN 111693995 A CN111693995 A CN 111693995A
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vibration phase
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李建
魏凯
徐晨
付瀚初
晋凯
江长春
李敏
张雨东
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Institute of Optics and Electronics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G01S13/9064—Inverse SAR [ISAR]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9094—Theoretical aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for estimating the imaging vibration phase error of an inverse synthetic aperture laser radar, wherein the device comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of mutually interfering and extracting interference phases by antennas with corresponding serial numbers on two baselines in the baseline direction, calculating to obtain a vibration phase error gradient by a geometric relationship and a target motion speed, integrating to obtain a vibration phase error in time, finally carrying out average calculation in the baseline space direction to obtain an estimated vibration phase error, and carrying out compensation imaging on original data by using the estimated vibration phase error, so that the imaging quality of the inverse synthetic aperture laser radar is improved, and the influence of the vibration error on the imaging quality is reduced.

Description

Inverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging vibration phase error estimation device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Laser (ISAL) imaging system design and data processing, and particularly relates to a system design and imaging data processing method of an interference Inverse Synthetic Aperture Laser (ISAL) with an optimized baseline structure.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is also known as Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) in scenarios where the Radar system is stationary relative to a target when applied to imaging a moving target. With the increasing demand of imaging resolution and the vigorous development of laser technology, the popularization of ISAR in optical band is becoming faster. In long-distance target imaging, in order to acquire vibration phase error of the system and three-dimensional characteristic information of a target, the concept of interference imaging is introduced into an ISAL imaging system.
At present, a plurality of units at home and abroad develop indoor verification work and outdoor airborne experiment work of Synthetic Aperture laser radar (SAL).
Foreign representatives are: the U.S. Firefond lidar System (Alfred B.Gschwendtner, William E.Keicher. development of Coherent Laser Radar at Lincoln Laboratory [ J ]. Lincoln Laboratory J., 2000.); the 14th Coherent Laser radar reference (CLRC), Snowmass, Colorado, USA, July, 8-13, 2007; The 2011, The United states, Roma, 1.6km airborne SAL test (Brian Krause, Joseph Buck, Christopher Ryan, et al. Synthetic Aperture Ladar Flight description [ C ]. Optical Society of America/Conference on Laser and electric-optics (OSA/CLEO), 2011).
At present, a large amount of theoretical and experimental research works related to SAL/ISAL are also carried out by units such as an electronics institute of Chinese academy and a glossing institute of Chinese academy in China, most of the research works of InISAL are still in a theoretical stage, simulation analysis is carried out on vibration phase errors of an InISAL imaging system by Hu et al (Xuan H, Daojing L. interference phase estimation based on multi-channel interference for ISAL [ J ] Applied Optics, 2018, 57 (22): 6481-containing 6490.), an ISAL vibration phase error estimation method based on orthogonal baseline interference processing is provided, baselines form an orthogonal form through M receiving channels, and M times of observation are carried out at the same visual angle and the same distance. In principle, if the target does not have vibration, the observation results of each time should be the same, if the target has vibration, the interference phase of the target echo obtained by each two times of observation is the differential value of the vibration phase error, the coefficient of the vibration error model is estimated through splicing of time and space to obtain the error observation result within the complete imaging observation time, and the effectiveness of the error estimation method is verified by using microwave InISAR data.
Vibration phase error compensation is an indispensable part for engineering application of the interferometric acoustic resonance imaging (InISAL) system, because the laser wavelength is usually 3 orders of magnitude shorter than the microwave wavelength, and even a small system vibration error can have a serious influence on the imaging effect. The ISAL vibration phase error estimation method based on orthogonal baseline interference processing has the limitations that a strict orthogonal baseline arrangement mode in engineering application is difficult to realize, the vibration phase error estimation processing method can only extract components in the along-track direction, and the effectiveness of the vibration phase error estimation method is influenced to a certain extent under the condition that a target motion mode is more complex, so that an imaging vibration phase error estimation method which is more sensitive to optical vibration is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for estimating the imaging vibration phase error of an inverse synthetic aperture laser radar, which improve the flexibility of the engineering application of an InISAL system and the effectiveness of the estimation of the vibration phase error.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a vibration phase error estimation device for inverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging comprises a laser system 1, a multi-channel signal receiving system 6, a multi-channel data acquisition system 7, a data processing system 8, a signal transmitter 5, a beam splitter 2 and a detector 9, wherein the multi-channel signal receiving system 6 is a V-shaped arranged multi-channel signal receiving system, two baselines formed by signal receivers in the V-shaped arranged multi-channel signal receiving system are not orthogonal, the distance between the receivers is obtained through optimization design, the effectiveness of data received through the arrangement mode on vibration phase error estimation is higher,
the laser system generates linear frequency modulation signals for target detection, wherein one part of the linear frequency modulation signals is used as local oscillation signals and reference signals, the other part of the linear frequency modulation signals is used for target detection, the local oscillation signals and echo signals are subjected to frequency mixing to obtain intermediate frequency signals containing target information, the reference signals are used for transmitting signal nonlinear error compensation, 2M +1 signal receivers are arranged in the V-shaped multi-channel signal receiving system in total to form two baselines, the angle formed by the two baselines is uncertain and can be an acute angle, a right angle or an obtuse angle, M signal receivers are arranged on each baseline, the optimal value of the arrangement interval of every two signal receivers can be obtained through optimization calculation, and the data processing system receives acquired data s according to the multi-channel signal receiving system and the multi-channel datai(t) estimating and imaging the vibration phase error, wherein i is 0, 1, 2 … … M, M +1, … … 2M. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: using reference signals sref(tk，tm) For echo data si(tk，tm) Performing nonlinear compensation to obtain siu(tk，tm)；
Step 2: to siu(tk，tm) The translation compensation and the rotation compensation are carried out to obtain siuc(tk，tm)；
And step 3: to siuc(tk，tm) Performing frequency mixing and range-wise compression to obtain siuc(fr，tm)；
And 4, step 4: step 3, processing to obtain 2M +1 group data, wherein the same serial number antenna on each base line interferes with the central antenna signal, and M base line squares are extractedTo interference phases containing a gradient of the vibration phase error
Figure BDA0002544286330000031
And 5: estimating target motion speed by frequency modulation rate calibration method according to echo data
Figure BDA0002544286330000032
Step 6: according to the phase of interference
Figure BDA0002544286330000033
Target motion velocity obtained from geometric relationship and estimation
Figure BDA0002544286330000034
Calculating to obtain vibration phase error gradient
Figure BDA0002544286330000035
And 7: gradient of phase error
Figure BDA0002544286330000036
Integrating in time direction to obtain vibration phase error phi between two groups of signals0，i(i)；
And 8: will vibrate the phase error phi0，i(i) Averaging in space along the base line direction to obtain the estimated vibration phase error of the moving object in slow time
Figure BDA0002544286330000037
And step 9: derived from the estimation
Figure BDA0002544286330000038
To si(tk，tm) Compensation is made;
step 10: and performing azimuth compression on the compensated echo data to obtain a target image.
Furthermore, the included angle of the V-shaped structure base line is an acute angle, or a right angle, namely a quadrature interference mode.
Further, the laser system generates a chirp signal for target detection, and the chirp signal is divided into two paths at the beam splitter in proportion, wherein one path is used as a detection signal for target detection, and the other path is used as a local oscillation signal and a reference signal.
Furthermore, the detector is a multi-channel detector, and the specific detection path number is the number of signal receivers plus the number of local oscillator signal paths plus the number of reference signal paths.
The invention also provides an imaging method for estimating the vibration phase error, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out nonlinear compensation on echo data by using a reference signal;
step 2: performing translation compensation and rotation compensation on the data subjected to the nonlinear compensation;
and step 3: performing distance direction compression processing on the compensated data;
and 4, step 4: step 3, processing to obtain 2M +1 group of data, wherein the antenna with the same serial number on each base line interferes with the central antenna signal, and extracting to obtain M interference phases with vibration phase error gradients in the base line direction;
and 5: estimating the target motion speed by using a frequency modulation calibration method according to the echo data;
step 6: according to the interference phase, calculating by the geometric relation and the estimated target motion speed to obtain a vibration phase error gradient;
and 7: integrating the phase error gradient in the time direction to obtain the vibration phase error between certain two groups of signals;
and 8: averaging the vibration phase error value baseline direction in space to obtain an estimated vibration phase error of the moving target in a slow time;
and step 9: compensating the received original data according to the estimated vibration phase error;
step 10: and performing azimuth compression on the compensated echo data to obtain a target image.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the V-shaped base line designed by the invention has stronger adaptability to complex and changeable environments in practical engineering application.
The multichannel vibration phase error estimation method provided by the invention averages the vibration phase errors in the spatial baseline direction, the obtained result is closer to the true error value, and the description of the error is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the components and principles of an inverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging vibration phase error estimation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a geometric model of a multi-channel signal receiving system according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of imaging data processing of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures mean: the system comprises a laser system 1, a beam splitter 2, a coupler 3, a transmitting mirror 4, a signal transmitter 5, a multi-channel signal receiving system 6, a multi-channel data acquisition system 7, a data processing system 8 and a detector 9.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The invention provides an inverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging vibration phase error estimation device. The method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a laser system 1, a multi-channel signal receiving system 6, a multi-channel data acquisition system 7, a data processing system 8, a signal emitter 5, a beam splitter 2 and a detector 9.
The laser system 1 generates a chirp signal for target detection:
Figure BDA0002544286330000041
wherein t is tk+tmAt full time, tkIs the distance time, called fast time, tmIs the azimuth time, called the slow time. T ispThe time width of the signal distance direction, fcIs the signal center frequency, Kr(t) is a time-varying frequency modulation rate,i.e. the rate of change of the modulation frequency, is compensated by the reference signal, a being the signal amplitude.
The signal transmitter further comprises a coupler 3 and a transmitting mirror 4, the target is discretized into a plurality of scattering points, and then the echo signal can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002544286330000051
Figure BDA0002544286330000052
in the formula, sip(tk，tm) In order to transmit a signal within a time delay,
Figure BDA0002544286330000053
and the phase error term contained in the phase introduced for fixing the optical path difference is obtained by the vibration phase error estimation method. Rip(t) is the propagation distance of the echo signal of the p scattering point received by the ith receiver, and c is the speed of light.
The propagation distance Rip(t) may be expanded as:
Rip(t)≈R0(t)+xip+yipωtm
the linear frequency modulation signal generated by the laser system 1 is divided into two paths at the beam splitter 2 according to a proportion, wherein one path is used as a detection signal for target detection, and the other path is used as a local oscillation signal and a reference signal.
The reference signal can compensate the nonlinear characteristic of the signal frequency modulation, and eliminate the time-variation of the frequency modulation, namely the frequency modulation Kr(t) is changed to Kr。
The local oscillator signal and the echo signal are subjected to frequency mixing and heterodyne by a detector 9 to obtain an echo intermediate frequency signal, and are subjected to motion compensation and distance compression to obtain:
Figure BDA0002544286330000054
in the multichannel signal receiving system 6, 2M +1 receivers are arranged on a V-shaped baseline. Obtaining 2M +1 groups of echo data, in the step 4, the antenna with the same serial number on each base line interferes with the central antenna signal, and interference phases containing vibration phase error gradients in the directions of M base lines are extracted and obtained
Figure BDA0002544286330000055
Figure BDA0002544286330000056
The motion speed of the target is obtained by estimating in the step 5
Figure BDA0002544286330000057
Said step 6 is based on the interference phase
Figure BDA0002544286330000058
Target motion velocity obtained from geometric relationship and estimation
Figure BDA0002544286330000059
Calculating to obtain vibration phase error gradient
Figure BDA00025442863300000510
Figure BDA0002544286330000061
Where L is the length of the baseline and the distance from the corresponding numbered signal receiver to the center receiver. Integrating the vibration phase error gradient in the time direction to obtain the vibration phase error,
Figure BDA0002544286330000062
step 8 is to measure the vibration phase error phi0，i(i) Averaging in space along the base line direction to obtain the estimated vibration phase error of the moving object in slow time
Figure BDA0002544286330000063
Figure BDA0002544286330000064
Said step 9 is based on the estimation
Figure BDA0002544286330000065
To si(tk，tm) The compensation is made that is to say,
Figure BDA0002544286330000066
and 10, performing azimuth compression on the compensated echo data to obtain a target image.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications and variations of the present invention within the spirit and principle of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An inverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging vibration phase error estimation device comprises a laser system (1), a multi-channel signal receiving system (6), a multi-channel data acquisition system (7), a data processing system (8), a signal transmitter (5), a beam splitter (2) and a detector (9), and is characterized in that: the multichannel signal receiving system (6) is a multichannel signal receiving system arranged in a V shape, in the multichannel signal receiving system arranged in the V shape, two baselines formed by signal receivers are not orthogonal, the distance between the receivers is obtained through optimization design, the effectiveness of data received through the arrangement mode on vibration phase error estimation is higher, a laser system generates linear frequency modulation signals used for target detection, one part of the linear frequency modulation signals is used as local oscillation signals and reference signals, the other part of the linear frequency modulation signals is used for target detection, the local oscillation signals and echo signals are subjected to frequency mixing to obtain intermediate frequency signals containing target information, the reference signals are used for transmitting signal nonlinear error compensation, and the total 2M of the multichannel signal receiving system arranged in the V shape+1 signal receiver, constitute two baselines, two baselines are not definite to the angle that the base line formed, and can be acute angle, right angle or obtuse angle, install M signal receiver on every baseline, can calculate the optimum value of every two signal receiver arrangement intervals through optimizing, data processing system receives the data s of gathering according to multichannel signal receiving system and multichannel data acquisition systemi(t) estimating and imaging the vibration phase error, wherein i is 0, 1, 2 … … M, M +1, … … 2M.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the included angle of the V-shaped structure base line is an acute angle or a right angle.
3. The apparatus for estimating vibration phase error in inverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging according to claim 1, wherein the laser system (1) generates a chirp signal for target detection, and is divided into two paths at the beam splitter (2) in proportion, wherein one path is used as a detection signal for target detection, and the other path is used as a local oscillation signal and a reference signal.
4. The apparatus for estimating vibration phase error in reverse synthetic aperture laser radar imaging according to claim 1, wherein the detector (9) is a multi-channel detector, and the specific detection paths are the number of signal receivers plus the number of local oscillator signal paths plus the number of reference signal paths.
5. An imaging method of vibro-phase error estimation, comprising:
step 1: carrying out nonlinear compensation on echo data by using a reference signal;
step 2: performing translation compensation and rotation compensation on the data subjected to the nonlinear compensation;
and step 3: performing distance direction compression processing on the compensated data;
and 4, step 4: step 3, processing to obtain 2M +1 group of data, wherein the antenna with the same serial number on each base line interferes with the central antenna signal, and extracting to obtain M interference phases with vibration phase error gradients in the base line direction;
and 5: estimating the target motion speed by using a frequency modulation calibration method according to the echo data;
step 6: according to the interference phase, calculating by the geometric relation and the estimated target motion speed to obtain a vibration phase error gradient;
and 7: integrating the phase error gradient in the time direction to obtain the vibration phase error between certain two groups of signals;
and 8: averaging the vibration phase error value baseline direction in space to obtain an estimated vibration phase error of the moving target in a slow time;
and step 9: compensating the received original data according to the estimated vibration phase error;
step 10: and performing azimuth compression on the compensated echo data to obtain a target image.
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