CN111693669A - 一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法，包括混合温度计算、温升区域划分、基于电厂附近水体环境开展温升对水生生物影响试验，针对我国温排水对周围生态环境影响评价的技术需求，研究开发温度变化对水体环境影响的评价技术方法，并结合生物学、生态学理论，形成完整的评价温排水对环境水域影响的技术方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生态环境评价利用领域，尤其涉及一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法。
背景技术
我国目前电力工业仍以火力发电为主，大型火电机组的供电效率一般为40％左右，核电不及35％，50％以上的热量被排放到了环境中去。根据我国2018年统计年鉴，2017年我国火电、核电发电量分别为466274000、24807000万千瓦时，由此得到2017年电厂平均每日排放废热735269亿千焦(详见表1)。在发电厂各种用水中，冷却水量最大，一般1台600MW凝汽式发电机机组循环冷却水量在60000t/h左右，1台300MW机组在30000t/h左右。采用直流冷却水系统的电厂需要从湖泊或河流中取用大量冷却水,冷却水流经凝汽器后温度升高7～15℃，而后被排回到原水体中，形成温排水。很多大型电厂为了节约建设投资，选择建设在河流或沿海地区，以充分利用河流或者海洋的水资源作为冷却水。在我国，位于大型水体附近的诸多火电厂、所有的滨海河口核电厂大量采用的是直流冷却水系统,这些电厂规模大、机组数量多(核电厂址规划的机组数量均在4台及以上)、取水量大，如国内的北仑电厂、嘉兴电厂目前装机规模可达5000MW，冷却水水量巨大。大量的温排水会对附近水域产生热污染，尤其是对附近的敏感水域。水体热污染的主要源是电力工业。缺点：我国除了核电厂以外，其它电厂还没有相应的温排水排放标准，对水温的监控和排放指标的限值也很模糊，仅有一些水体温度的规定，在确定排水口位置、温排水排放检测、环境承载能力评估等方面，也没有相关的具体依据。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术的不足，提供一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法。
本发明的一种技术方案：
一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法，所述内容包括混合温度计算、温升区域划分、基于电厂附近水体环境开展温升对水生生物影响试验。
作为一种优选方案，为收集电厂附近水域的观测数据包括地形资料、河流流量、水温、温排水流量与温度等数据利用热平衡方程计算温升。
作为一种优选方案，为收集实地水温数据。
作为一种优选方案，为包括土著贝类、鱼类和其他野生生物种群的生长和繁育，并且考虑温排水与所有其他对物种重要影响的累积影响，开展相关实验室试验。所述实验室试验，为设置多个温度、培养时间下土著鱼类、浮游生物、底栖生物下生物的生理反应，进而评价温度变化对生物的影响；实际测量杀菌剂、取水卷吸效应等对水生生物量造成的损害。
创新点：针对我国温排水对周围生态环境影响评价的技术需求，研究开发温度变化对水体环境影响的评价技术方法，并结合生物学、生态学理论，形成完整的评价温排水对环境水域影响的技术方法。
具体实施方式
为阐述本发明的思想及目的，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法，所述内容包括混合温度计算、温升区域划分、基于电厂附近水体环境开展温升对水生生物影响试验。
为收集电厂附近水域的观测数据包括地形资料、河流流量、水温、温排水流量与温度等数据利用热平衡方程计算温升。
为收集实地水温数据。
为包括土著贝类、鱼类和其他野生生物种群的生长和繁育，并且考虑温排水与所有其他对物种重要影响的累积影响，开展相关实验室试验。所述实验室试验，为设置多个温度、培养时间下土著鱼类、浮游生物、底栖生物下生物的生理反应，进而评价温度变化对生物的影响；实际测量杀菌剂、取水卷吸效应等对水生生物量造成的损害。
一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法包括以下步骤：
S1.收集电厂附近水域的观测数据包括地形资料、河流流量、水温、温排水流量与温度、水域生物种类相关的数据
S2.利用热平衡方程计算温升，使用Fluent软件制作模型划分出温升梯度区域
S3.进行电厂附近水生生物温度耐受实验
S4.考虑温排水与所有其他对物种的重要影响，包括杀菌剂的影响、取水卷吸效应的影响、过度捕捞、其他污染源的排放等的累积影响，实际测量杀菌剂、取水卷吸效应等对水生生物量造成的损害。
S3.包括以下过程：
S31.设置多个温度、培养时间下土著鱼类、浮游生物、底栖生物下生物的生理反应，如测量不同温度、时间下，藻类的细胞死亡率、光合色素含量等指标；
S32.进行鱼类温度耐受实验，包括鱼卵、幼体、成年体三个生长阶段，测量温度对其生理特征如体内激素、脏器的影响，进而综合评价温度变化对生物的影响。
以上是本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法，其特征在于：所述内容包括混合温度计算、温升区域划分、基于电厂附近水体环境开展温升对水生生物影响试验。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法，其特征在于：为收集电厂附近水域的观测数据包括地形资料、河流流量、水温、温排水流量与温度等数据利用热平衡方程计算温升。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法，其特征在于：为收集实地水温数据。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种评价温排水对环境水域影响的方法，其特征在于：为包括土著贝类、鱼类和其他野生生物种群的生长和繁育，并且考虑温排水与所有其他对物种重要影响的累积影响，开展相关实验室试验。所述实验室试验，为设置多个温度、培养时间下土著鱼类、浮游生物、底栖生物下生物的生理反应，进而评价温度变化对生物的影响；实际测量杀菌剂、取水卷吸效应等对水生生物量造成的损害。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114954830A (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | 一种船舶模型外域温排水扩散试验测量装置 |
| CN115618651A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-01-17 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | 一种近海电厂取水卷吸效应研究的物理模拟方法 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114954830A (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | 一种船舶模型外域温排水扩散试验测量装置 |
| CN115618651A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-01-17 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | 一种近海电厂取水卷吸效应研究的物理模拟方法 |
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