CN111693251B - Method for measuring hydrodynamic interference coefficient of rudder by paddles - Google Patents

Method for measuring hydrodynamic interference coefficient of rudder by paddles Download PDF

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CN111693251B
CN111693251B CN202010770905.2A CN202010770905A CN111693251B CN 111693251 B CN111693251 B CN 111693251B CN 202010770905 A CN202010770905 A CN 202010770905A CN 111693251 B CN111693251 B CN 111693251B
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赵桥生
王习建
肖冬林
国威
李永成
方田
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring hydrodynamic interference coefficient of a rudder by a paddle, which relates to the technical field of hydrodynamic force, and aims at carrying out towing constraint model test on a ship model to obtain related test data, obtaining the slope and intercept of a linear part straight line of a fitting curve of dimensionless rudder force and rudder angle through data regression processing, determining the current speed ratio before the rudder by using the slope and the normal force coefficient, obtaining the rudder angle by using the intercept, and carrying out data regression data based on the current speed ratio before the rudder and the rudder angle to obtain the hydrodynamic interference coefficient of the rudder by the paddle.

Description

Method for measuring hydrodynamic interference coefficient of rudder by paddles
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrodynamic force, in particular to a method for measuring hydrodynamic interference coefficient of a rudder by a paddle.
Background
The ship constraint model test is the most widely applied method for obtaining ship hydrodynamic derivative at present, i.e. mechanical constraint is used to force the ship model to make specified movement, such as linear movement, dragging and the like, and during the model test, the hydrodynamic force acting on the ship model is measured by systematically changing the motion parameters of the ship model, so as to obtain each hydrodynamic system.
When a drag constraint model test in a constraint model test is carried out, the ship model is forced to carry out constant drag at a certain speed according to a certain rudder angle and a certain attitude angle, and the multi-component sensor can be used for measuring the hydrodynamic force acting on the ship body of the ship model. When the ship is subjected to the towing constraint model test, the motion of the ship model is a constraint model motion in a horizontal plane, and the Froude numbers meeting the test speed are equal when the ship maneuvering hydrodynamic constraint model test is performed.
In the ship maneuvering motion, the rudder force is the most important hydrodynamic force next to the hull force, the ship separation type mathematical model is based on the hydrodynamic force characteristics of the hull, the paddle and the rudder and considers the mutual hydrodynamic interference among the hull, and no towing constraint mode test data processing method for determining the interference coefficient of the paddle to the rudder aiming at the ship model exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring hydrodynamic interference coefficient of a rudder by a paddle aiming at the problems and technical requirements, and the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for determining a hydrodynamic disturbance factor of a rudder by a paddle, the method comprising:
manufacturing a ship model, and carrying out an open water rudder hydrodynamic test on the ship model to determine a normal force coefficient;
carrying out towing constraint model tests on the ship model under different test working conditions, and measuring the rudder force acting on the rudder of the ship model during each test, wherein at least one of the rotating speed and the rudder angle of the propeller under different test working conditions is different;
performing dimensionless processing on all the obtained rudder forces respectively to obtain dimensionless rudder forces;
aiming at the rotating speed of each propeller, fitting curves are made for all dimensionless rudder forces and rudder angles corresponding to the rotating speed of the propeller, and the slope and intercept of a linear part straight line of the fitting curves are determined;
determining the speed ratio of the incoming flow before the rudder according to the slope of the fitted curve of the rotating speed of each propeller and the normal force coefficient, and determining the intercept as an effective rudder angle, wherein the speed ratio of the incoming flow before the rudder is the ratio of the incoming flow before the rudder to the ship model speed;
determining a first intermediate variable according to the rudder forward incoming flow speed ratio and the rudder angle corresponding to the rotating speed of each propeller, and determining a second intermediate variable according to the forward speed coefficient and the thrust coefficient corresponding to the rotating speed of each propeller;
and (4) making a regression fitting curve for the second intermediate variable and the first intermediate variable corresponding to the rotating speed of each propeller, and calculating according to the linear slope and the constant term of the regression fitting curve to obtain the hydrodynamic interference coefficient of the propeller to the rudder.
The further technical scheme is that a first intermediate variable is determined according to the rudder forward incoming flow speed ratio and the rudder angle corresponding to the rotating speed of each propeller, a second intermediate variable is determined according to the forward speed coefficient and the thrust coefficient corresponding to the rotating speed of each propeller, and the method comprises the following steps of:
according to the formula
Figure BDA0002616568680000021
Calculating to obtain a first intermediate variable, wherein
Figure BDA0002616568680000022
Is the rudder forward incoming flow speed ratio and URsThe current test shows the rudder forward incoming flow speed, U represents the ship model speed, deltaRsThe effective rudder angle of the current test is shown, and w is the wake flow fraction in front of the propeller;
according to the formula
Figure BDA0002616568680000023
Calculating to obtain a second intermediate variable, wherein KTJ is the thrust coefficient and is the speed coefficient and is related to the propeller speed.
The further technical scheme is that the hydrodynamic interference coefficient of the paddle to the rudder comprises a speed increasing coefficient k of water flow in front of the paddle to the rudder and a difference coefficient epsilon of accompanying flow at the positions of the rudder and the paddle, and the hydrodynamic interference coefficient of the paddle to the rudder is obtained by calculation according to the linear slope and the constant term of the regression fitting curve, and the hydrodynamic interference coefficient comprises the following steps:
calculating according to the formula k as b/a to obtain the speed increasing coefficient
Figure BDA0002616568680000024
And calculating to obtain a difference coefficient, wherein b is a constant term of the regression fitting curve, and a is the slope of a straight line of the regression fitting curve.
The further technical scheme is that the rudder force measured in each test is as follows:
Figure BDA0002616568680000025
the dimensionless rudder force obtained by performing dimensionless processing on the rudder force is as follows:
Figure BDA0002616568680000026
where ρ is the density of water, A is the area of the rudder, URsCurrent rudder flow rate for the current test, fαIs the normal force coefficient, deltaRsAnd delta is the rudder angle of the current test, and U represents the speed of the ship model.
The further technical scheme is that fitting curves are made for all dimensionless rudder forces and rudder angles corresponding to the rotating speed of the propeller, and the fitting curves comprise the following steps:
using deltaRs- δ instead of sin (δ)Rs- δ) processing the dimensionless rudder force to obtain a processed dimensionless rudder force:
Figure BDA0002616568680000031
making a fitting curve for all the processed dimensionless rudder force and rudder angle corresponding to the rotating speed of the propeller, wherein the slope of a linear part straight line of the fitting curve is
Figure BDA0002616568680000032
Intercept is B ═ deltaRs。
The further technical scheme is that the forward rudder incoming flow speed ratio is determined according to the slope of a fitting curve of the rotating speed of each propeller and the normal force coefficient, and the forward rudder incoming flow speed ratio is determined to be
Figure BDA0002616568680000033
The further technical scheme is that the method for determining the normal force coefficient comprises the following steps:
when an open water rudder hydrodynamic test is carried out, the area A and the test speed U of the rudder are determinedηAnd rudder angle delta at the time of testηAnd a normal force F acting on the rudder of the ship modelηThe normal force coefficient f is calculated according to the following formulaαIs composed of
Figure BDA0002616568680000034
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the application discloses a hydrodynamic interference coefficient determination method of a rudder by a propeller, which aims at the condition that a ship model is in a towing tank environment, towing constrained model test data of the ship model under different rudder angles and different propeller rotating speeds are obtained by carrying out a straight line towing constrained model test, the hydrodynamic interference coefficient of the rudder by the propeller can be determined and obtained by the methods of approximate processing and regression processing of the test data, the technical vacancy of the industry is made up, the method is simple to operate, the data correlation is high, and a good engineering effect is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a hydrodynamic disturbance coefficient of a rudder by a paddle according to the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The application discloses a method for measuring hydrodynamic interference coefficient of a rudder by a paddle, which comprises the following steps, please refer to a flow chart shown in fig. 1:
step S1, manufacturing a ship model according to the scale, carrying out an open water rudder hydrodynamic test on the ship model in a towing tank, and determining the area A and the test speed U of the rudder during the testηAnd rudder angle delta at the time of testηAnd a normal force F acting on the rudder of the ship modelηFrom which the rudder is calculated according to the following formulaNormal force coefficient fαComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002616568680000041
step S2, carrying out towing constraint model test on the ship model under different test working conditions, wherein the ship model is provided with a propeller and a rudder during the towing constraint model test, and the rotating speed n of the propeller under different test working conditionsmAnd at least one difference in rudder angle delta. The rudder force F acting on the rudder of the ship model was measured at each test.
The parameter value and the condition of measuring the parameter under the different test condition of this application are shown in the example of following table, and this application is with this suggestion, and this application is tested with 3 different propeller rotational speeds and 13 different rudder angles, thereby the propeller rotational speed is taken from near 3 values of waypoint and is regarded as and can produce 39 different test condition, measures 39 rudder forces F from this.
Figure BDA0002616568680000042
In step S3, the dimensionless processing is performed on all the obtained rudder forces F to obtain dimensionless rudder forces F', and in this application, the rudder forces F measured in each test may be represented as:
Figure BDA0002616568680000043
where ρ is the density of water, A is the area of the rudder, URsCurrent rudder flow rate for the current test, fαThe resulting normal force coefficient, δ, is determined for step S1 aboveRsThe effective rudder angle of the current test is shown, and delta is the rudder angle of the current test.
The dimensionless rudder force F' obtained by dimensionless processing of the rudder force F can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002616568680000044
where U represents the ship model speed of the current test.
Step S4, for each propeller speed nmFor the rotational speed n of the propellermAnd (3) making a fitting curve F ' to delta according to all the dimensionless rudder forces F ' and the rudder angles delta, and determining the slope K and the intercept B of the linear part straight line of the fitting curve F ' to delta.
In curve fitting, the dimensionless rudder force F' and the rudder angle delta are not directly fitted, but sin (delta) is firstly fittedRsDelta) is approximated, in general deltaRsDelta is relatively small, so that delta can be directly utilizedRs- δ instead of sin (δ)Rs- δ) processing the dimensionless rudder force to obtain a processed dimensionless rudder force:
Figure BDA0002616568680000045
if deltaRsIf delta is larger, the approximation cannot be performed, and the corresponding data can be eliminated.
Making a fitting curve F 'to delta for all the processed dimensionless rudder forces F' and rudder angles delta corresponding to the same propeller rotating speed, wherein the slope of a linear part straight line of the fitting curve is
Figure BDA0002616568680000051
Intercept is B ═ deltaRs。
Step S5, according to the slope K of the fitted curve of each propeller rotation speed and the normal force coefficient f determined in step S1αDetermining rudder-to-come speed ratio
Figure BDA0002616568680000052
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002616568680000053
The ratio of the current speed before the rudder is the current speed U before the rudderRsThe ratio to the ship model speed U. Determining the intercept B as the effective rudder angle deltaRs。
Step S6, according to each stepThe rotational speed n of the propellermCorresponding rudder forward flow speed ratio
Figure BDA0002616568680000054
Determining a first intermediate variable x from the rudder angle delta and from the propeller speed nmCorresponding advancing speed coefficient J and thrust coefficient KTA second intermediate variable y is determined. In the present application for each propeller rotational speed:
according to the formula
Figure BDA0002616568680000055
And calculating to obtain a first intermediate variable x, wherein w is the wake flow fraction in front of the propeller, and the propeller open water test result is adopted. According to the formula
Figure BDA0002616568680000056
Calculating to obtain a second intermediate variable y, J as a speed advance coefficient, KTFor the thrust coefficient, the open water test result of the propeller, J and the rotating speed n of the propellermIn this regard, the specific calculation formula is a general formula, and is not shown in detail in this application.
And step S7, making a regression fitting curve for the second intermediate variable and the first intermediate variable corresponding to each propeller rotation speed to obtain a straight slope a and a constant term b of the regression fitting curve.
Specifically, the first intermediate variable x and the second intermediate variable y under the corresponding forward speed coefficient J corresponding to each propeller rotation speed are listed in the following table, and a y-x regression fitting curve is made, for example, the listed table may be corresponding to various test conditions shown in step S2 in the present application:
propeller speed nm Coefficient of advance J x y
n1
n2
n3
Step S8, calculating to obtain a hydrodynamic interference coefficient of the paddle to the rudder according to a straight line slope a and a constant term b of the regression fitting curve, wherein the hydrodynamic interference coefficient of the paddle to the rudder comprises a speed increasing coefficient k of water flow in front of the paddle to the rudder and a difference coefficient epsilon of position wake flow of the rudder and the paddle, calculating to obtain a speed increasing coefficient according to a formula k which is b/a, and calculating to obtain a speed increasing coefficient according to a formula k which is b/a
Figure BDA0002616568680000057
And calculating to obtain a difference coefficient.
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. It is to be understood that other modifications and variations directly derivable or suggested by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention are to be considered as included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for determining a hydrodynamic disturbance factor of a rudder of a propeller, the method comprising:
manufacturing a ship model, and carrying out an open water rudder hydrodynamic test on the ship model to determine a normal force coefficient;
carrying out towing constraint model tests on the ship model under different test working conditions, and measuring a rudder force acting on a rudder of the ship model during each test, wherein at least one of the rotating speed and the rudder angle of the propeller under different test working conditions is different;
performing dimensionless processing on all the obtained rudder forces respectively to obtain dimensionless rudder forces;
aiming at the rotating speed of each propeller, fitting curves are made for all dimensionless rudder forces and rudder angles corresponding to the rotating speed of each propeller, and the slope and intercept of a linear part straight line of each fitting curve are determined;
determining a rudder incoming flow speed ratio according to the slope of a fitted curve of the rotating speed of each propeller and the normal force coefficient, and determining the intercept as an effective rudder angle, wherein the rudder incoming flow speed ratio is the ratio of the rudder incoming flow speed to the ship model speed;
determining a first intermediate variable according to a rudder forward incoming flow speed ratio and the rudder angle corresponding to each propeller rotation speed, and determining a second intermediate variable according to a forward speed coefficient and a thrust coefficient corresponding to the propeller rotation speed;
and performing regression fitting curve on the second intermediate variable and the first intermediate variable corresponding to the rotating speed of each propeller, and calculating according to the linear slope and the constant term of the regression fitting curve to obtain the hydrodynamic interference coefficient of the propeller to the rudder.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a first intermediate variable from the rudder angle and rudder current speed ratio for each propeller speed and determining a second intermediate variable from the thrust coefficient and thrust coefficient for the propeller speeds comprises, for each propeller speed:
according to the formula
Figure FDA0002616568670000011
Calculating to obtain the first intermediate variable, wherein
Figure FDA0002616568670000012
Is the rudder forward incoming flow speed ratio and URsThe current test shows the rudder forward incoming flow speed, U represents the ship model speed, deltaRsThe effective rudder angle of the current test is shown, and w is the wake flow fraction in front of the propeller;
according to the formula
Figure FDA0002616568670000013
Calculating to obtain the second intermediate variable, wherein KTJ is the thrust coefficient and is related to the propeller speed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrodynamic disturbance coefficient of the paddle to the rudder comprises a speed increase coefficient k of the water flow in front of the paddle to the rudder and a difference coefficient epsilon of the wake flow between the rudder and the paddle, and the calculating the hydrodynamic disturbance coefficient of the paddle to the rudder according to the slope of the straight line of the regression fitting curve and the constant term comprises:
calculating the speed increasing coefficient according to a formula k as b/a, and calculating the speed increasing coefficient according to a formula
Figure FDA0002616568670000021
And calculating to obtain the difference coefficient, wherein b is a constant term of the regression fitting curve, and a is a straight slope of the regression fitting curve.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the rudder force measured at each test was:
Figure FDA0002616568670000022
the dimensionless rudder force obtained by performing dimensionless processing on the rudder force is as follows:
Figure FDA0002616568670000023
where ρ is the density of water, A is the area of the rudder, URsCurrent rudder flow rate for the current test, fαIs the normal force coefficient, δRsAnd delta is the rudder angle of the current test, and U represents the speed of the ship model.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said fitting a curve to all dimensionless rudder forces and rudder angles for said propeller speed comprises:
using deltaRs- δ instead of sin (δ)Rs- δ) processing the dimensionless rudder force to obtain a processed dimensionless rudder force:
Figure FDA0002616568670000024
making a fitting curve for all the processed dimensionless rudder force and rudder angle corresponding to the rotating speed of the propeller, wherein the slope of a linear part straight line of the fitting curve is
Figure FDA0002616568670000025
Intercept is B ═ deltaRs。
6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining a pre-rudder flow velocity ratio based on the slope of the fitted curve for each propeller rotational speed and the normal force coefficient comprises determining the pre-rudder flow velocity ratio as
Figure FDA0002616568670000026
7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a normal force coefficient comprises:
when an open water rudder hydrodynamic test is carried out, the area A and the test speed U of the rudder are determinedηAnd rudder angle delta at the time of testηAnd a normal force F acting on the rudder of the ship modelηCalculating the normal force coefficient f according to the following formulaαIs composed of
Figure FDA0002616568670000027
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