CN111692950B - Device and method for measuring outer diameter of thin-wall bearing ring - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring outer diameter of thin-wall bearing ring Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111692950B
CN111692950B CN202010734497.5A CN202010734497A CN111692950B CN 111692950 B CN111692950 B CN 111692950B CN 202010734497 A CN202010734497 A CN 202010734497A CN 111692950 B CN111692950 B CN 111692950B
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axis
thin
bearing ring
measuring
reverse
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CN111692950A (en
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刘晓初
范立维
吴子轩
黄建枫
梁忠伟
萧金瑞
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Guangzhou University
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Guangzhou University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an outer diameter measuring device and method of a thin-wall bearing ring, wherein the device comprises a support frame, a workbench arranged on the support frame, a positioning mechanism arranged on the workbench, a measuring mechanism and a reverse-supporting mechanism; the worktable is provided with a measuring center, and the positioning mechanism comprises a Y-axis positioning mechanism and an X-axis positioning mechanism which are arranged on the worktable; the measuring mechanism comprises a torsion spring comparator arranged on the workbench in a sliding manner and a measuring and adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the torsion spring comparator to move on the workbench along the Y-axis direction; the reverse supporting mechanism comprises a reverse supporting rod arranged between the Y-axis positioning rod and the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator and a reverse supporting adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the reverse supporting rod to move along the Y-axis guide groove. When the device uses the torsional spring comparator to measure the bearing ring, the force measurement error and the eccentric error of the thin-wall bearing ring in the measurement can be reduced, and therefore the outer diameter measurement precision of the thin-wall bearing ring is improved.

Description

Device and method for measuring outer diameter of thin-wall bearing ring
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing ring outer diameter measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the outer diameter of a thin-wall bearing ring.
Background
The bearing is an important part in the modern mechanical equipment. Its main function is to support the mechanical rotator, reduce the friction coefficient in its motion process, and guarantee its gyration precision. The thin-wall bearing is the one with the thinnest wall thickness in the bearing size series, has extremely light weight, and is widely applied to aerospace, radars, precise robot joints and precise medical equipment. In the field of industrial robots and the like, the bearing capacity of joints of the industrial robots is often high, so that a large number of rolling bodies are needed, a circumference is caused by a large number of rolling bodies, and the bearing rings are required to be as thin as possible and have high precision requirements because the space of the joints of the industrial robots is often limited. The wall thickness of the thin-wall bearing ring is very thin, the ring can be easily deformed when contacting, the deformation is large in the processing process, and the processing precision of the bearing ring is difficult to guarantee, so that the measurement of relevant parameters of the thin-wall bearing is particularly important. Therefore, the inner and outer diameter sizes of the thin-wall bearing are important parameter indexes for judging whether the thin-wall bearing is qualified or not, and the installation precision and the service life of the thin-wall bearing are influenced.
At present, the instrument frequently used for measuring the thin-wall bearing is a diameter measuring instrument provided with a torsion spring comparator, but the instrument has the following defects in the measuring process:
1. the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator can measure only by applying a certain pressure to contact with a measured surface (or line or point), the applied pressure is called measuring force, the measuring force can reach 1-3N, and the thin-wall bearing rings are mutually extruded under the action of the measuring force to cause contact deformation errors of the thin-wall bearing rings, so that force measuring errors are caused.
2. When the existing diameter measuring instrument is used for positioning a thin-wall bearing ring, an inclined track is adopted to adjust a positioning rod, and the inclined track is easy to cause deviation up or down during adjustment, so that the inclined track can not face to the outer wall point of the most lateral surface of the bearing ring, and a measuring head of a torsion spring comparator cannot point to the circle center of the bearing ring, and an eccentric error is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing problems and provide an outer diameter measuring device of a thin-wall bearing ring, which can reduce the force measuring error and the eccentric error of the thin-wall bearing ring in the measurement process when the torsion spring comparator is used for measuring the bearing ring, thereby improving the outer diameter measuring precision of the thin-wall bearing ring.
The invention also aims to provide an outer diameter measuring method of the thin-wall bearing ring.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the outer diameter measuring device of the thin-wall bearing ring comprises a support frame, a workbench, a positioning mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a counter-supporting mechanism, wherein the workbench is obliquely arranged on the support frame; the worktable is provided with a measuring center, wherein,
the positioning mechanism comprises a Y-axis positioning mechanism and an X-axis positioning mechanism, the Y-axis positioning mechanism is arranged on the workbench and used for positioning the Y-axis direction of the thin-wall bearing ring, and the X-axis positioning mechanism is used for positioning the X-axis direction of the thin-wall bearing ring; the Y-axis positioning mechanism comprises a Y-axis guide groove, a Y-axis positioning rod and a Y-axis adjusting mechanism, the Y-axis guide groove is arranged on the workbench and extends along the Y-axis direction of the workbench, the Y-axis positioning rod is connected to the Y-axis guide groove in a sliding mode, the Y-axis adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the Y-axis positioning rod to move and position on the Y-axis guide groove, and the Y-axis positioning rod points to the measuring center; the X-axis positioning mechanism comprises an X-axis positioning rod arranged on the workbench in a sliding manner and an X-axis adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the X-axis positioning rod to move and position along the X-axis direction of the workbench;
the measuring mechanism comprises a torsion spring comparator which is arranged on the workbench in a sliding mode and a measuring and adjusting mechanism which is used for adjusting the torsion spring comparator to move on the workbench along the Y-axis direction; the axis of the Y-axis positioning rod is superposed with the axis of the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator, and the Y-axis positioning rod is arranged opposite to the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator;
the reverse supporting mechanism comprises a reverse supporting rod arranged between the Y-axis positioning rod and the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator and a reverse supporting adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the reverse supporting rod to move along the Y-axis guide groove, and the axis of the reverse supporting rod coincides with the axis of the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator.
The working principle of the outer diameter measuring device of the thin-wall bearing ring is as follows:
when the thin-wall bearing ring needs to be measured, firstly, the positioning mechanism is adjusted, and the distance between the ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod and the measuring center of the workbench is adjusted to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the Y-axis adjusting mechanism; adjusting the distance between the ball head of the X-axis positioning rod and the measuring center of the workbench to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the X-axis adjusting mechanism; then the standard thin-wall bearing ring is placed on the positioning mechanism, so that the standard thin-wall bearing ring is tightly propped against the Y-axis positioning rodThe measuring and adjusting mechanism adjusts the torsion spring comparator to move towards the standard thin-wall bearing ring, and when a measuring head of the torsion spring comparator acts on the outer wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, a pointer of the torsion spring comparator rotates by a certain scale m; then the reverse-resisting adjusting mechanism adjusts the reverse-resisting rod to move towards the direction of the torsion spring comparator on the Y-axis guide groove, so that the ball head of the reverse-resisting rod acts on the inner wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, and the pointer of the torsion spring comparator rotates to the position of m/2-m/4; note down the scale at this time as mSign board(ii) a Then, keeping the positions of the positioning mechanism, the measuring mechanism and the reverse-resisting mechanism unchanged, taking down the standard thin-wall bearing ring, placing the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured on the positioning mechanism, and recording the scale at the moment as m1(ii) a Taking down the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, changing the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured by a certain angle, putting the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured on the positioning mechanism again, and recording the scale as m2Repeating the steps, measuring the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured by changing different angles, and sequentially recording the scales as m3，m4，m5，……，mnWherein n is a positive integer, the scales obtained by measuring at different angles are compared, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is the outer diameter error of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, and the measurement reading m of the torsion spring comparatornReading m when positioning with standard thin-wall bearingSignThe difference between the two and the diameter 2R of the standard thin-wall bearing are diameter measurement data of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, namely the diameter measurement data of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a reverse abutting slider is disposed between the reverse abutting rod and the Y-axis guide groove, the upper end of the reverse abutting slider is connected to the reverse abutting rod, the lower end of the reverse abutting slider is connected to the Y-axis guide groove in a sliding fit manner, and the reverse abutting adjustment mechanism is connected to the reverse abutting slider; the buffer assembly comprises a limit sleeve fixedly arranged on the reverse-supporting sliding block and a buffer spring arranged in the limit sleeve, the tail end of the limit sleeve is provided with a stepped hole, one end of the reverse-supporting rod is provided with a limit step, the limit step penetrates through the stepped hole and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the limit sleeve, one end of the spring acts on the reverse-supporting sliding block, and the other end of the spring acts on the limit step. By adopting the structure, when the thin-wall bearing ring is measured, the acting force of the resisting rod counteracts the measuring force generated by the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator, so that the error caused by the extrusion of the measuring force on the thin-wall bearing ring is reduced, and the measuring precision is improved; in addition, when the resisting rod contacts the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring, the resisting rod moves reversely under the action of the buffer spring to compress the buffer spring, so that the buffer effect is achieved, the deformation of the thin-wall bearing ring and the influence on the measurement precision caused by the overlarge force of the resisting rod acting on the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring are avoided, the resisting rod is in soft contact with the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring through the buffer of the buffer spring, and the thin-wall bearing ring is prevented from being damaged.
Furthermore, the tail end of the reverse resisting rod is provided with an arc-shaped reverse resisting piece, and the arc-shaped reverse resisting piece protrudes outwards relative to the reverse resisting sliding block. The thin-wall bearing ring anti-butting device has the advantages that the contact area of the arc-shaped anti-butting piece contacted with the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring can be effectively increased, and the deformation or damage of the anti-butting rod to the thin-wall bearing ring is reduced.
Preferably, the reverse-abutting adjusting mechanism comprises a reverse-abutting adjusting driving assembly and a reverse-abutting screw transmission assembly, wherein the reverse-abutting adjusting driving assembly is rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench, and the reverse-abutting screw transmission assembly is used for transmitting the power of the adjusting driving assembly to the reverse-abutting sliding block; the reverse-resisting screw rod transmission assembly comprises a reverse-resisting screw rod rotatably arranged in the workbench and a reverse-resisting screw rod nut which is matched with the reverse-resisting screw rod and fixedly connected with the reverse-resisting slide block; the reverse-resistance adjusting driving component comprises a reverse-resistance coarse adjusting component and a reverse-resistance fine adjusting component; the reverse abutting rough adjustment assembly comprises a reverse abutting rough adjustment rocking handle and a rough adjustment transmission gear, wherein the reverse abutting rough adjustment rocking handle is rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench, and the rough adjustment transmission gear is arranged between the reverse abutting rod and the reverse abutting rough adjustment rocking handle and is used for transmitting the power of the reverse abutting rough adjustment rocking handle to the reverse abutting rod; the reverse-supporting fine adjustment assembly comprises a reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle and a fine adjustment transmission gear, wherein the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle is rotatably arranged on the side face of the workbench, the fine adjustment transmission gear is arranged between the coarse adjustment transmission gear and the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle and is used for transmitting power of the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle to the coarse adjustment transmission gear, and the gear ratio of the fine adjustment transmission gear to the coarse adjustment transmission gear is smaller than 1. By the arrangement of the structure, when coarse adjustment is needed, the reverse-resisting coarse adjustment rocking handle is manually rotated to drive the coarse adjustment transmission gear to rotate, so that the reverse-resisting screw rod is driven to rotate, the reverse-resisting screw rod nut is driven to move along the axis of the screw rod, and finally the reverse-resisting sliding block is driven to move along the Y-axis guide groove; when fine adjustment is needed, the fine adjustment transmission gear is driven to rotate through manually rotating the reverse-pressing fine adjustment rocking handle, and then the coarse adjustment transmission gear is driven to rotate, so that the reverse-pressing screw rod is driven to rotate, the reverse-pressing screw rod nut is driven to move along the axis of the screw rod, and finally the reverse-pressing sliding block is driven to move along the Y-axis guide groove; because the gear ratio of the fine adjustment transmission gear to the coarse adjustment transmission gear is less than 1, when the reverse-butting coarse adjustment rocking handle is driven, the moving distance of the sliding block is large; when the reverse-abutting fine-adjustment rocking handle is driven, the moving distance of the sliding block is small, and the coarse adjustment and fine adjustment functions of the reverse-abutting rod are realized.
Furthermore, the coarse adjustment transmission gear comprises a first gear coaxially arranged at the tail end of the reverse-abutting screw rod, a second gear rotatably arranged on the workbench and meshed with the first gear, and a third gear rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench and meshed with the second gear, and the reverse-abutting coarse adjustment rocking handle and the third gear are coaxially arranged; the fine adjustment transmission gear comprises a fourth gear and a fifth gear, the fourth gear is rotatably arranged on the side face of the workbench and meshed with the third gear, the fifth gear is rotatably arranged on the side face of the workbench and meshed with the fourth gear, the reverse-pushing fine adjustment rocking handle and the fifth gear are coaxially arranged, and the number of teeth of the fourth gear and the number of teeth of the fifth gear are smaller than that of teeth of the third gear. By adopting the structure, the coarse adjustment and fine adjustment functions of the resisting rod can be realized, meanwhile, the structure is more compact, and the interference with the torsion spring comparator can be avoided in the adjustment process.
Preferably, the Y-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a Y-axis adjusting rocking handle rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench, a Y-axis first sliding block connected with the Y-axis guide groove in a sliding fit manner, and a Y-axis screw rod transmission assembly used for transmitting the power of the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle to the Y-axis first sliding block, and the upper end of the Y-axis first sliding block is fixedly connected with the Y-axis positioning rod; the Y-axis screw rod transmission assembly comprises a Y-axis screw rod and a Y-axis screw rod nut, the Y-axis screw rod is rotatably arranged inside the workbench, the Y-axis screw rod is matched with the Y-axis screw rod, the Y-axis screw rod nut is fixedly connected with the lower end of the first Y-axis slider, and the tail end of the Y-axis screw rod is fixedly connected with the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle. By adopting the mechanism, the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle is manually rotated to drive the Y-axis screw rod to rotate, so that the Y-axis screw rod nut is driven to move along the axis direction of the Y-axis screw rod, the first slide block of the Y axis slides along the Y-axis guide groove, and finally the movement of the Y-axis positioning rod is realized.
Preferably, the X-axis adjusting mechanism comprises an X-axis guide rail, an X-axis slider, a Y-axis guide rail and a Y-axis second slider; one end of the X-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to the side face of the Y-axis first sliding block, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail extends along the X-axis direction; the X-axis sliding block is connected to the X-axis guide rail in a sliding manner; one end of the Y-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to the X-axis sliding block, and the other end of the Y-axis guide rail extends along the Y-axis direction; the Y-axis second sliding block is connected to the Y-axis guide rail in a sliding mode, and the X-axis positioning rod is fixed to the Y-axis second sliding block. By arranging the mechanism, after the position of the Y-axis first slide block is fixed, the position of the Y-axis guide rail in the X-axis direction is adjusted by moving the X-axis slide block on the X-axis guide rail according to the outer diameter of the thin-wall bearing ring, and then the X-axis positioning rod is driven to move on the Y-axis guide rail by moving the Y-axis second slide block; the distance between the X-axis positioning rod and the circle center of the thin-wall bearing ring on the X axis can be realized by adjusting the X-axis sliding block, and the distance between the X-axis positioning rod and the circle center of the thin-wall bearing ring on the Y axis can be realized by adjusting the Y-axis second sliding block, so that the circle center of the thin-wall bearing ring pointed by the X-axis positioning rod is adjusted.
Preferably, the measuring and adjusting mechanism comprises a sliding groove arranged on the workbench, a measuring slide block in sliding fit with the sliding groove, a clamping rod arranged between the measuring slide block and the torsion spring comparator, and a measuring and adjusting driving component for driving the measuring slide block to move along the sliding groove; the sliding groove and the Y-axis guide groove are arranged in parallel, one end of the clamping rod is fixedly connected with the measuring slide block, and the other end of the clamping rod is fixedly connected with the torsion spring comparator; the measurement adjusting driving assembly comprises a measurement fine adjusting assembly, a measurement coarse adjusting assembly and a measurement screw rod transmission assembly; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the screw rod transmission assembly comprises a measuring screw rod rotatably arranged in the workbench and a measuring screw rod nut which is matched and connected with the measuring screw rod and fixedly connected with the measuring slide block;
the measurement coarse adjustment component comprises a measurement coarse adjustment rocking handle which is rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench, and the tail end of the measurement screw rod is fixedly connected with the measurement coarse adjustment rocking handle;
the measurement fine adjustment assembly comprises a sixth gear, a seventh gear, an eighth gear and a measurement fine adjustment rocking handle, the sixth gear is coaxially arranged on the measurement screw rod, the seventh gear is rotatably arranged on the workbench and meshed with the sixth gear, the eighth gear is rotatably arranged on the workbench and meshed with the seventh gear, the measurement fine adjustment rocking handle is coaxially arranged with the eighth gear, and the tooth numbers of the seventh gear and the eighth gear are smaller than those of the sixth gear. By adopting the mechanism, in the measuring process, when coarse adjustment is needed, the measuring coarse adjustment rocking handle is manually driven to rotate to drive the measuring screw rod to rotate, so that the measuring screw rod nut is driven to move along the axis direction of the measuring screw rod, the measuring slide block is driven to move along the sliding groove, the clamping rod is driven to move, and finally the movement of the torsional spring comparator is realized; similarly, when the fine adjustment is needed, the manual driving measurement fine adjustment rocking handle rotates to sequentially drive the eighth gear, the seventh gear and the sixth gear to move and then drive the measurement screw rod to move, and because the tooth numbers of the seventh gear and the eighth gear are all smaller than those of the sixth gear, the speed reduction function is realized, the fine adjustment function of the torsion spring comparator is finally realized, and the measurement precision is improved.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, the lower end of the workbench is provided with an annular electromagnetic mechanism; the annular electromagnetic mechanism comprises an annular iron core, a coil arranged on the annular iron core and a variable resistor connected with the coil; the circle center of the annular iron core is coincided with the measuring center; the coil is annularly wound on the annular iron core. By adopting the mechanism, when the coil is electrified, the annular iron core generates magnetic force and has suction force on the thin-wall bearing ring, so that the thin-wall bearing ring is prevented from deforming and becoming elliptical due to downward movement of the center of gravity of the thin-wall bearing ring; the variable resistor can adjust the magnetic force to prevent the magnetic force from being overlarge, thereby reducing the self-weight error caused by the self-weight; the coils are annularly wound on the annular iron core, so that the magnetic field direction of each section of coil faces to the center of the workbench; the center of the annular iron core is coincident with the measuring center, so that each point of the thin-wall bearing ring can be uniformly stressed.
The invention further discloses a preferable scheme, wherein the bearing ring positioning device further comprises two reinforcing ribs for preventing the Y-axis positioning rod and the X-axis positioning rod from elastically deforming when positioning the thin-wall bearing ring, and the reinforcing ribs are of double-layer structures and respectively comprise thin magnetic sheets attached to the thin-wall bearing ring and viscoelastic materials arranged on the thin magnetic sheets. The reinforcing ribs can improve the toughness of the thin-wall bearing ring and reduce the positioning errors caused by the depression and elastic deformation of the Y-axis positioning rod and the X-axis positioning rod on the thin-wall bearing ring due to the gravity of the thin-wall bearing; by adopting a double-layer structure, the thin magnetic sheets can enable the reinforcing ribs to be attached to the inner wall of the bearing ring, and the viscoelastic material can enable the reinforcing ribs to generate plastic deformation, so that the reinforcing ribs can be attached to thin-wall bearing rings with different diameters.
A method for measuring the outer diameter of a thin-wall bearing ring comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting a positioning mechanism on the workbench, and adjusting the distance from the ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod to the measuring center of the workbench to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the Y-axis adjusting mechanism; adjusting the distance from the ball head of the X-axis positioning rod to the measuring center of the workbench to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the X-axis adjusting mechanism;
(2) putting the standard thin-wall bearing ring with the inner wall adhered with the reinforcing ribs into a positioning mechanism, and enabling the standard thin-wall bearing ring to be abutted against a ball head of a Y-axis positioning rod and a ball head of an X-axis positioning rod, wherein the positions of the reinforcing ribs correspond to the positions of the Y-axis positioning rod and the X-axis positioning rod;
(3) the adjusting and measuring mechanism adjusts the torsion spring comparator to move towards the standard thin-wall bearing ring through the measuring and adjusting mechanism, and when a measuring head of the torsion spring comparator acts on the outer wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, a pointer of the torsion spring comparator rotates by a certain scale m;
(4) adjusting a reverse-resisting mechanism, wherein the reverse-resisting mechanism adjusts the reverse-resisting rod to move towards the direction of the torsion spring comparator, so that the ball head of the reverse-resisting rod acts on the inner wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, and the pointer of the torsion spring comparator rotates to the position of m/2-m/4; the annular electromagnetic mechanism is electrified, the standard thin-wall bearing ring is subjected to the magnetic force of the annular electromagnetic mechanism, the magnetic force provides an upward force for the standard thin-wall bearing ring, so that the downward movement of the gravity center of the thin-wall bearing ring due to self weight is reduced, the pointer of the torsional spring comparator rotates for a certain scale, and the scale at the moment is marked as mSign；
(5) Keeping the positions of the positioning mechanism, the measuring mechanism and the reverse-resisting mechanism and the suction force of the electromagnetic mechanism unchanged, taking down the standard thin-wall bearing ring, placing the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured with the reinforcing ribs on the positioning mechanism, and recording the scale at the moment as m1；
(6) Taking down the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, readjusting the position of the reinforcing rib, changing the angle of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, placing the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured on the positioning mechanism again, and recording the scale as m2；
(7) Repeating the step (6), measuring the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured by changing different angles, and sequentially recording the scales as m3，m4，m5，……，mnWherein n is a positive integer, the scales obtained by measuring at different angles are compared, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is the outer diameter error of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, and the measurement reading m of the torsion spring comparatornReading m when positioning with standard thin-wall bearingSignThe difference between the two and the diameter 2R of the standard thin-wall bearing are the diameter measurement data of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, namely the actual diameter of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured is 2R + (m)n-mSign board)。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the invention, the positioning mechanism is arranged to accurately position the thin-wall bearing ring in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the X-axis positioning rod and the Y-axis positioning rod can accurately move towards the measurement center; the positioning mechanism of the invention reduces the eccentric error and can improve the measurement precision.
2. According to the invention, the anti-abutting mechanism is arranged, and the anti-abutting rod is adjusted by the anti-abutting adjusting mechanism to move towards the direction of the torsion spring comparator in the measuring process, so that the ball head of the anti-abutting rod acts on the inner wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, the measuring force of the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator is counteracted, the extrusion elastic deformation of the measuring head on the outer wall of the thin-wall bearing ring is eliminated, the force measuring error is reduced, and the measuring precision is improved.
3. According to the preferred scheme, the annular iron core provides an upward force for the thin-wall bearing ring by arranging the electromagnetic mechanism, so that the phenomenon that the thin-wall bearing ring is deformed and becomes elliptical due to the downward movement of the gravity center of the thin-wall bearing ring caused by self weight in the measuring process is reduced; thereby reducing the dead weight error caused by dead weight and improving the measurement precision.
4. According to the preferred scheme, the reinforcing ribs are arranged, so that the toughness of the thin-wall bearing ring can be improved, the positioning errors caused by the depression and elastic deformation of the Y-axis positioning rod and the X-axis positioning rod on the thin-wall bearing ring due to the gravity of the thin-wall bearing are reduced, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to fig. 3 are schematic structural views of a first embodiment of an outer diameter measuring apparatus of a thin-walled bearing ring according to the present invention, in which fig. 1 is a perspective view, fig. 2 is a front view, and fig. 3 is a perspective view of another viewing direction in which the thin-walled bearing ring and the reinforcing ribs are omitted.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the support frame and the workbench according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the thin-walled bearing ring outer diameter measuring device of the present invention without the support frame, the worktable, and the annular electromagnetic mechanism.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a positioning mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the measuring mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the counter-thrust mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cushioning assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the ring-shaped electromagnetic mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the installation position of the tightening mechanism in the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a partial enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the mounting position of the X-axis torsion spring comparator of the measuring mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the X-axis positioning mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art understand the technical solutions of the present invention well, the following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the embodiment discloses an outer diameter measuring device of a thin-walled bearing ring, which includes a support frame 1, a worktable 2 obliquely arranged on the support frame 1, a positioning mechanism arranged on the worktable 2 for positioning the thin-walled bearing ring to be measured, a measuring mechanism 3 for measuring the outer diameter of the thin-walled bearing ring to be measured, a counter-supporting mechanism 4 for counteracting the measuring force generated by the measuring mechanism 3 on the thin-walled bearing ring to be measured, an annular electromagnetic mechanism 5 arranged at the lower end of the worktable 2, and a reinforcing rib 6 for preventing the positioning mechanism from elastically deforming when positioning the thin-walled bearing ring; and a measuring center is arranged on the workbench 2.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the positioning mechanism includes a Y-axis positioning mechanism 7 provided on the table 2 for positioning the Y-axis direction of the thin-walled bearing ring and an X-axis positioning mechanism 8 for positioning the X-axis direction of the thin-walled bearing ring.
Referring to fig. 4-6, the Y-axis positioning mechanism 7 includes a Y-axis guide slot 7-1 disposed on the worktable 2 and extending along the Y-axis direction of the worktable 2, a Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 slidably connected to the Y-axis guide slot 7-1, and a Y-axis adjusting mechanism for adjusting the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 to perform moving positioning on the Y-axis guide slot 7-1, wherein the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 points to the measurement center; the Y-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a Y-axis adjusting rocking handle 7-3 rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench 2, a Y-axis first sliding block 7-4 connected with the Y-axis guide groove 7-1 in a sliding fit manner, and a Y-axis screw rod 7-5 transmission assembly used for transmitting the power of the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle 7-3 to the Y-axis first sliding block 7-4, wherein the upper end of the Y-axis first sliding block 7-4 is fixedly connected with the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2; the Y-axis lead screw 7-5 transmission assembly comprises a Y-axis lead screw 7-5 which is rotatably arranged in the workbench 2 and a Y-axis lead screw nut 7-6 which is matched with the Y-axis lead screw 7-5 and is fixedly connected with the lower end of the Y-axis first sliding block 7-4, and the tail end of the Y-axis lead screw 7-5 is fixedly connected with the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle 7-3. By adopting the mechanism, the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle 7-3 is manually rotated to drive the Y-axis screw 7-5 to rotate, so that the Y-axis screw nut 7-6 is driven to move along the axis direction of the Y-axis screw 7-5, the Y-axis first sliding block 7-4 slides along the Y-axis guide groove 7-1, and finally the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 moves.
Referring to fig. 4-6, the X-axis positioning mechanism 8 includes an X-axis positioning rod 8-1 slidably disposed on the worktable 2 and an X-axis adjusting mechanism for adjusting the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 to move and position along the X-axis direction of the worktable 2; the X-axis adjusting mechanism comprises an X-axis guide rail 8-2, an X-axis sliding block 8-3, a Y-axis guide rail 8-4 and a Y-axis second sliding block 8-5; one end of the X-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to the side face of the Y-axis first sliding block 7-4, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail extends along the X-axis direction; the X-axis sliding block 8-3 is connected to the X-axis guide rail 8-2 in a sliding manner; one end of the Y-axis guide rail 8-4 is fixedly connected to the X-axis sliding block 8-3, and the other end of the Y-axis guide rail extends along the Y-axis direction; the Y-axis second sliding block 8-5 is connected to the Y-axis guide rail 8-4 in a sliding mode, and the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 is fixed to the Y-axis second sliding block 8-5. By arranging the mechanism, after the position of the Y-axis first sliding block 7-4 is fixed, the position of the Y-axis guide rail 8-4 in the X-axis direction is adjusted by moving the X-axis sliding block 8-3 on the X-axis guide rail 8-2 according to the outer diameter of the thin-wall bearing ring, and then the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 is driven to move on the Y-axis guide rail 8-4 by moving the Y-axis second sliding block 8-5; the distance between the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 and the center of the thin-wall bearing ring on the X axis can be realized by adjusting the X-axis sliding block 8-3, the distance between the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 and the Y axis can be realized by adjusting the Y-axis second sliding block 8-5, and therefore the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 is adjusted to point to the center of the thin-wall bearing ring.
Furthermore, scales are arranged on the X-axis guide rail 8-2 and the Y-axis guide rail 8-4, the starting point of the scale of the X-axis guide rail 8-2 corresponds to the axis of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2, the starting point of the scale of the Y-axis guide rail 8-4 corresponds to the ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2, and one end of the X-axis sliding block 8-3, which is close to the Y-axis first sliding block 7-4, corresponds to the ball head of the X-axis positioning rod 8-1. By the aid of the mechanism, the position of the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 can be adjusted more conveniently, and adjustment precision is improved.
Referring to fig. 6, the second Y-axis slider 8-5 is provided with a through groove 8-51 for observing the scale of the Y-axis guide rail 8-4.
4-5 and 7, the measuring mechanism 3 comprises a torsion spring comparator 3-1 slidably arranged on the worktable 2 and a measuring and adjusting mechanism for adjusting the torsion spring comparator 3-1 to move along the Y-axis direction on the worktable 2; the axis of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 coincides with the axis of the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator 3-1, and the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 is arranged opposite to the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator 3-1.
Referring to fig. 4-5 and 7, the measuring and adjusting mechanism comprises a sliding groove 3-2 arranged on the worktable 2, a measuring slide block 3-3 in sliding fit with the sliding groove 3-2, a clamping rod 3-4 arranged between the measuring slide block 3-3 and the torsion spring comparator 3-1, and a measuring and adjusting driving assembly for driving the measuring slide block 3-3 to move along the sliding groove 3-2; the sliding groove 3-2 and the Y-axis guide groove 7-1 are arranged in parallel, one end of the clamping rod 3-4 is fixedly connected with the measuring sliding block 3-3, and the other end of the clamping rod is fixedly connected with the torsion spring comparator 3-1; the measurement adjusting driving assembly comprises a measurement fine adjusting assembly, a measurement coarse adjusting assembly and a measurement screw rod 3-5 transmission assembly; the screw rod transmission assembly comprises a measuring screw rod 3-5 which is rotatably arranged in the workbench 2 and a measuring screw rod nut 3-6 which is matched and connected with the measuring screw rod 3-5 and fixedly connected with the measuring slide block 3-3; the measurement coarse adjustment component comprises a measurement coarse adjustment rocking handle 3-7 which is rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench 2, and the tail end of the measurement screw rod 3-5 is fixedly connected with the measurement coarse adjustment rocking handle 3-7; the measurement fine adjustment assembly comprises a sixth gear 3-8 coaxially arranged on the measurement screw rod 3-5, a seventh gear 3-9 rotatably arranged on the workbench 2 and meshed with the sixth gear 3-8, an eighth gear 3-10 rotatably arranged on the workbench 2 and meshed with the seventh gear 3-9, and a measurement fine adjustment rocking handle 3-11 coaxially arranged with the eighth gear 3-10, wherein the tooth numbers of the seventh gear 3-9 and the eighth gear 3-10 are smaller than the tooth numbers of the sixth gear 3-8. By adopting the mechanism, in the measuring process, when coarse adjustment is needed, the measuring coarse adjustment rocking handle 3-7 is manually driven to rotate to drive the measuring screw rod 3-5 to rotate, so that the measuring screw rod nut 3-6 is driven to move along the axial direction of the measuring screw rod 3-5, the measuring slide block 3-3 is driven to move along the sliding groove 3-2, the clamping rod 3-4 is driven to move, and finally the movement of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 is realized; similarly, when fine adjustment is needed, the measurement fine adjustment rocking handle 3-11 is driven to rotate manually, the eighth gear 3-10, the seventh gear 3-9 and the sixth gear 3-8 are driven to move in sequence, and then the measurement screw rod 3-5 is driven to move, because the tooth numbers of the seventh gear 3-9 and the eighth gear 3-10 are all smaller than the tooth number of the sixth gear 3-8, the speed reduction function is realized, the fine adjustment function of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 is finally realized, and the measurement precision is improved.
Referring to fig. 4-5 and 8, the counter-supporting mechanism 4 includes a counter-supporting rod 4-1 disposed between the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 and the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator 3-1, and a counter-supporting adjusting mechanism for adjusting the movement of the counter-supporting rod 4-1 along the Y-axis guiding slot 7-1, wherein an axis of the counter-supporting rod 4-1 coincides with an axis of the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator 3-1.
Referring to fig. 4-5 and 8-9, a counter sliding block 4-2 is arranged between the counter rod 4-1 and the Y-axis guide groove 7-1, the upper end of the counter sliding block 4-2 is connected with the counter rod 4-1, the lower end is connected with the Y-axis guide groove 7-1 in a sliding fit manner, and the counter adjusting mechanism is connected with the counter sliding block 4-2; a buffer assembly is arranged between the reverse supporting rod 4-1 and the reverse supporting sliding block 4-2, the buffer assembly comprises a limiting sleeve 4-3 fixedly arranged on the reverse supporting sliding block 4-2 and a buffer spring 4-4 arranged in the limiting sleeve 4-3, a stepped hole 4-31 is formed in the tail end of the limiting sleeve 4-3, a limiting step 4-101 is arranged at one end of the reverse supporting rod 4-1, the limiting step 4-101 penetrates through the stepped hole 4-31 to be in sliding fit with the inner wall of the limiting sleeve 4-3, one end of the spring acts on the reverse supporting sliding block 4-2, and the other end of the spring acts on the limiting step 4-101. By adopting the structure, when the thin-wall bearing ring is measured, the acting force of the resisting rod 4-1 counteracts the measuring force generated by the measuring head of the torsional spring comparator 3-1, so that the error caused by the extrusion of the measuring force on the thin-wall bearing ring is reduced, and the measuring precision is improved; in addition, when the resisting rod 4-1 contacts the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring, under the action of the buffer spring 4-4, the resisting rod 4-1 moves reversely to compress the buffer spring 4-4, so that a buffer effect is achieved, the phenomenon that the thin-wall bearing ring deforms and the measurement precision is influenced due to overlarge force of the resisting rod 4-1 acting on the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring is avoided, the resisting rod 4-1 is in soft contact with the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring through the buffer of the buffer spring 4-4, and the thin-wall bearing ring is prevented from being damaged.
Furthermore, the tail end of the reverse resisting rod 4-1 is provided with an arc-shaped reverse resisting sheet 4-5, and the arc-shaped reverse resisting sheet 4-5 protrudes outwards relative to the reverse resisting sliding block 4-2. The thin-wall bearing ring has the advantages that the arc-shaped resisting sheets 4-5 can effectively increase the contact area with the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring, and the deformation or damage of the thin-wall bearing ring caused by the resisting rods 4-1 is reduced.
Furthermore, scales are arranged on the reverse resisting rod 4-1; the diameter coefficient k of the buffer spring 4-4 is 1000N/m or integral multiple thereof. The anti-abutting rod 4-1 is provided with scales, the diameter coefficient k of the buffer spring 4-4 is 1000N/m or integral multiple thereof, so that the displacement can be conveniently calculated when the anti-abutting rod 4-1 is adjusted, and then the displacement is compared with the scale rotating on the torsion spring comparator 3-1 to prevent measurement errors caused by too large anti-abutting force.
Referring to fig. 4-5 and 8-9, the counter-thrust adjusting mechanism comprises a counter-thrust adjusting driving assembly rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench 2 and a counter-thrust rod 4-6 transmission assembly for transmitting the power of the adjusting driving assembly to the counter-thrust slider 4-2; the transmission assembly of the reverse-resisting screw rod 4-6 comprises a reverse-resisting screw rod 4-6 which is rotatably arranged in the workbench 2 and a reverse-resisting screw rod nut 4-7 which is matched with the reverse-resisting screw rod 4-6 and is fixedly connected with the reverse-resisting slide block 4-2; the reverse-resistance adjusting driving component comprises a reverse-resistance coarse adjusting component and a reverse-resistance fine adjusting component; the reverse resistance coarse adjustment component comprises a reverse resistance coarse adjustment rocking handle 4-8 which is rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench 2 and a coarse adjustment transmission gear which is arranged between the reverse resistance rod 4-6 and the reverse resistance coarse adjustment rocking handle 4-8 and is used for transmitting the power of the reverse resistance coarse adjustment rocking handle 4-8 to the reverse resistance rod 4-6; the reverse-supporting fine adjustment assembly comprises reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handles 4-9 rotatably arranged on the side face of the workbench 2 and a fine adjustment transmission gear arranged between the coarse adjustment transmission gear and the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handles 4-9 and used for transmitting power of the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handles 4-9 to the coarse adjustment transmission gear, and the gear ratio of the fine adjustment transmission gear to the coarse adjustment transmission gear is smaller than 1. By the arrangement of the structure, when coarse adjustment is needed, the reverse-resisting coarse adjustment rocking handle 4-8 is rotated manually to drive the coarse adjustment transmission gear to rotate, so that the reverse-resisting screw rod 4-6 is driven to rotate, the reverse-resisting screw rod nut 4-7 is driven to move along the axis of the screw rod, and finally the reverse-resisting sliding block 4-2 is driven to move along the Y-axis guide groove 7-1; when fine adjustment is needed, the reverse-pressing fine adjustment rocking handle 4-9 is manually rotated to drive the fine adjustment transmission gear to rotate, and then the coarse adjustment transmission gear is driven to rotate, so that the reverse-pressing screw rod 4-6 is driven to rotate, the reverse-pressing screw rod nut 4-7 is driven to move along the axis of the screw rod, and finally the reverse-pressing sliding block 4-2 is driven to move along the Y-axis guide groove 7-1; because the gear ratio of the fine adjustment transmission gear to the coarse adjustment transmission gear is less than 1, when the reverse-butting coarse adjustment rocking handle is driven to move 4-8, the moving distance of the sliding block is large; when the reverse-resisting fine-adjusting rocking handle 4-9 is driven, the moving distance of the sliding block is small, and the coarse adjustment and fine adjustment functions of the reverse-resisting rod 4-1 are realized.
4-5 and 8-9, the coarse adjustment transmission gear comprises a first gear 4-10 coaxially arranged at the tail end of the counter-pressing screw rod 4-6, a second gear 4-11 rotatably arranged on the workbench 2 and meshed with the first gear 4-10, and a third gear 4-12 rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench 2 and meshed with the second gear 4-11, and the counter-pressing coarse adjustment rocking handle 4-8 and the third gear 4-12 are coaxially arranged; the fine adjustment transmission gear comprises a fourth gear 4-13 which is rotatably arranged on the side face of the workbench 2 and is meshed with the third gear 4-12 and a fifth gear 4-14 which is rotatably arranged on the side face of the workbench 2 and is meshed with the fourth gear 4-13, the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle 4-9 and the fifth gear 4-14 are coaxially arranged, and the tooth numbers of the fourth gear 4-13 and the fifth gear 4-14 are smaller than the tooth number of the third gear 4-12. By adopting the structure, the coarse adjustment and fine adjustment functions of the counter-support rod 4-1 can be realized, meanwhile, the structure is more compact, and the interference with the torsion spring comparator 3-1 can be avoided in the adjustment process.
Furthermore, the axis of the Y-axis screw rod 7-5 and the axis of the reverse-resisting screw rod 4-6 are positioned on the same straight line. This has the advantage of making the Y-axis adjustment mechanism and the counter-adjustment mechanism more compact.
Referring to fig. 4, a cross center line is arranged on the surface of the worktable 2, the midpoint of the cross center line is the measuring center, a scale is arranged on one side of the Y-axis guide groove 7-1, the starting point of the scale corresponds to the midpoint of the cross center line, and one end of the Y-axis slider close to the midpoint corresponds to the ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2. The cross center line engraved on the surface of the workbench 2 can be contrasted when driving the Y-axis sliding block to move, one end of the Y-axis sliding block close to the center point corresponds to the ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2, so that the position of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 can be known through the position of the Y-axis sliding block, and the position of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the position of the Y-axis sliding block, so that the positioning mechanism is more accurate and convenient, the eccentric amount is reduced, and the measurement precision is improved.
Referring to fig. 2 and 10, the toroidal electromagnetic mechanism 5 includes a toroidal core 5-1, a coil 5-2 provided on the toroidal core 5-1, and a variable resistor connected to the coil 5-2; the circle center of the annular iron core 5-1 is superposed with the measuring center; the coil 5-2 is annularly wound on the annular iron core 5-1. By adopting the mechanism, when the coil 5-2 is electrified, the annular iron core 5-1 generates magnetic force, so that the magnetic force has suction on the thin-wall bearing ring, and the thin-wall bearing ring is prevented from deforming and becoming oval due to the fact that the center of gravity of the thin-wall bearing ring moves downwards; the variable resistor can adjust the magnetic force to prevent the magnetic force from being overlarge, thereby reducing the self-weight error caused by the self-weight; the coil 5-2 is annularly wound on the annular iron core 5-1, so that the magnetic field direction of each section of coil 5-2 faces to the center of the workbench 2; the center of the circular iron core 5-1 coincides with the measuring center, so that each point of the thin-wall bearing ring can be uniformly stressed.
Referring to fig. 1 and 11-12, the number of the reinforcing ribs 6 is 2, the reinforcing ribs are attached to the inner wall of the thin-wall bearing ring and correspond to the positions of the X-axis locating rod 8-1 and the Y-axis locating rod 7-2 respectively, each reinforcing rib 6 is of a double-layer structure and is composed of a thin magnetic sheet 6-1 attached to the thin-wall bearing ring and a viscoelastic material 6-2 arranged on the thin magnetic sheet 6-1 respectively. The viscoelastic material 6-2 may be plasticine. The reinforcing ribs 6 can improve the toughness of the thin-wall bearing ring and reduce the positioning errors caused by the depression and elastic deformation of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 and the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 on the thin-wall bearing ring due to the gravity of the thin-wall bearing; by adopting a double-layer structure, the thin magnetic sheets 6-1 can enable the reinforcing ribs 6 to be attached to the inner wall of the bearing ring, and the viscoelastic materials 6-2 can enable the reinforcing ribs 6 to generate plastic deformation, so that the reinforcing ribs 6 can be attached to the thin-wall bearing rings with different diameters.
Referring to fig. 11 to 12, a tightening mechanism 9 for tightening the reinforcing ribs 6 against the inner wall of the thin-walled bearing ring is arranged on the workbench 2, the tightening mechanism 9 includes a sliding groove 9-1 arranged on the workbench 2 and forming an angle of 45 degrees with the Y-axis guide groove 7-1, a tightening rod 9-2 in sliding fit with the sliding groove 9-1, an "L" type tightening piece 9-3 arranged at the end of the tightening rod 9-2 for tightening the two reinforcing ribs 6, and a locking bolt arranged on the tightening rod 9-2 for locking and preventing the tightening rod 9-2 from sliding in the sliding groove 9-1, the middle of the "L" type tightening piece 9-3 is arranged in an arc shape, and the end of the tightening rod 9-2 is fixedly connected with the middle of the "L" type tightening piece 9-3. Through setting up above-mentioned mechanism, further make strengthening rib 6 can paste the thin wall bearing ring.
Referring to fig. 13, the measuring mechanism 3 further includes an X-axis torsion spring comparator 3-12 arranged in the X-axis direction and an X-axis measurement adjusting component 3-13 for adjusting the movement of the X-axis torsion spring comparator 3-12 in the X-axis direction, the X-axis measurement adjusting component 3-13 is designed with reference to the measurement adjusting mechanism, and a measuring head of the X-axis torsion spring comparator 3-12 points to a measurement center. Through setting up above-mentioned mechanism, carry out the simultaneous measurement through using two torsional spring comparators, can effectively improve measurement of efficiency.
Furthermore, the measuring head and the measuring rod of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 are made of alloy aluminum. The measuring head and the measuring rod are made of alloy aluminum, so that the dead weight of the measuring head and the measuring rod can be reduced, the measuring force is reduced, and the influence of the annular electromagnetic mechanism 5 on the measuring head and the measuring rod can be avoided.
Specifically, the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle, the X-axis adjusting rocking handle, the measuring coarse adjusting rocking handle, the measuring fine adjusting rocking handle, the reverse coarse adjusting rocking handle and the reverse fine adjusting rocking handle are all composed of a disc and a rocking rod arranged on the eccentric position of the disc.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the working principle of the above-mentioned outer diameter measuring device of the thin-walled bearing ring is as follows:
when the thin-wall bearing ring needs to be measured, firstly, the positioning mechanism is adjusted, and the distance between the ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 and the measuring center of the workbench 2 is adjusted to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the Y-axis adjusting mechanism; the distance between the ball head of the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 and the measuring center of the workbench 2 is adjusted to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the X-axis adjusting mechanism; then, a standard thin-wall bearing ring is placed on the positioning mechanism, the standard thin-wall bearing ring is abutted against a ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 and a ball head of the X-axis positioning rod 8-1, then the measuring and adjusting mechanism adjusts the torsion spring comparator 3-1 to move towards the standard thin-wall bearing ring, and when a measuring head of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 acts on the outer wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, a pointer of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 rotates for a certain scale m; then the reverse-resisting adjusting mechanism adjusts the reverse-resisting rod 4-1 to move towards the direction of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 on the Y-axis guide groove 7-1, so that the reverse-resisting rod 4-The ball head of the torsion spring comparator 1 acts on the inner wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, so that the pointer of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 rotates to a position of m/2-m/4; note down the scale at this time as mSign board(ii) a Then, keeping the positions of the positioning mechanism, the measuring mechanism 3 and the counter-supporting mechanism 4 unchanged, taking down the standard thin-wall bearing ring, placing the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured on the positioning mechanism, and recording the scale at the moment as m1(ii) a Taking down the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, changing the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured by a certain angle, putting the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured on the positioning mechanism again, and recording the scale as m2Repeating the steps, measuring the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured by changing different angles, and sequentially recording the scales as m3，m4，m5，……，mnWherein n is a positive integer, the scales obtained by measuring at different angles are compared, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is the outer diameter error of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, and the measurement reading m of the torsion spring comparatornReading m when positioning with standard thin-wall bearingSign boardThe difference between the two and the diameter 2R of the standard thin-wall bearing are diameter measurement data of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, namely the diameter measurement data of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the present embodiment discloses an outer diameter measuring method of a thin-walled bearing ring, which includes the following steps:
(1) adjusting a positioning mechanism on the workbench 2, and adjusting the distance from the ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 to the measuring center of the workbench 2 to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the Y-axis adjusting mechanism; the distance from the ball head of the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 to the measuring center of the workbench 2 is adjusted by an X-axis adjusting mechanism to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured;
(2) putting the standard thin-wall bearing ring with the inner wall adhered with the reinforcing rib 6 into a positioning mechanism, and enabling the standard thin-wall bearing ring to be tightly propped against the ball heads of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 and the X-axis positioning rod 8-1, wherein the positions of the reinforcing rib 6 correspond to the positions of the Y-axis positioning rod 7-2 and the X-axis positioning rod 8-1;
(3) the adjusting and measuring mechanism 3 is used for adjusting the torsion spring comparator 3-1 to move towards the standard thin-wall bearing ring through the measuring and adjusting mechanism, and when a measuring head of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 acts on the outer wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, a pointer of the torsion spring comparator 3-1 rotates for a certain scale m;
(4) adjusting a reverse-resisting mechanism 4, adjusting a reverse-resisting rod 4-1 to move towards a torsional spring comparator 3-1 through the reverse-resisting adjusting mechanism, enabling a ball head of the reverse-resisting rod 4-1 to act on the inner wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, and enabling a pointer of the torsional spring comparator 3-1 to rotate to a position of m/2-m/4; electrifying the annular electromagnetic mechanism 5, adsorbing the standard thin-wall bearing ring on the workbench 2 by the magnetic force of the annular electromagnetic mechanism 5, rotating the pointer of the torsional spring comparator 3-1 by a certain scale, and recording the scale as mSign board；
(5) Keeping the positions of the positioning mechanism, the measuring mechanism 3 and the counter-supporting mechanism 4 and the suction force of the electromagnetic mechanism unchanged, taking down the standard thin-wall bearing ring, placing the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured with the reinforcing ribs 6 on the positioning mechanism, and recording the scale at the moment as m1；
(6) Taking down the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, readjusting the position of the reinforcing rib 6, changing the angle of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, putting the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured on the positioning mechanism again, and recording the scale as m2；
(7) Repeating the step (6), measuring the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured by changing different angles, and sequentially recording the scales as m3，m4，m5，……，mnWherein n is a positive integer, the scales obtained by measuring at different angles are compared, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is the outer diameter error of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, and the measurement reading m of the torsion spring comparatornReading m when positioning with standard bearingSign boardThe difference between the two and the diameter 2R of the standard thin-wall bearing are the diameter measurement data of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, namely the actual diameter of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured is 2R + (m)n-mSign board)。
Further, in the steps (3) and (4), the measuring force within 0-m of the scale value of 3-1 of the torsion spring comparator is 1-3N, and the measuring force within m/2-m/4 of the scale value of 3-1 of the torsion spring comparator is 0.3-0.6N. The measuring force is 0.3-0.6N, and the outer wall of the thin-wall bearing ring cannot deform.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 14, the present embodiment has the same structure as the other structure of embodiment 1, except that the X-axis adjusting mechanism includes an X-axis adjusting rocking handle 8-6 rotatably disposed on a side surface of the working table 2, an X-axis guide slot 8-7 disposed on the working table 2 and extending along the X-axis direction, and an X-axis sliding block 8-8 slidably engaged with the X-axis guide slot 8-7, the X-axis adjusting rocking handle 8-6 and the X-axis sliding block 8-8 are connected by an X-axis screw driving assembly, the X-axis screw driving assembly is designed with reference to the above-mentioned Y-axis screw 7-5 driving assembly, the X-axis positioning rod sliding block 8-1 is fixedly connected with the X-axis positioning rod 8-8, and the ball head of the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 faces the measurement center. By arranging the mechanism, the X-axis adjusting rocking handle 8-6 is manually rotated to drive the X-axis lead screw transmission assembly to move, so that the X-axis sliding block 8-8 is driven to move along the X-axis guide groove 8-7, and the X-axis positioning rod 8-1 is driven to move towards the measuring center, and the positioning of the thin-wall bearing ring in the X-axis direction is realized.
Example 3
The structure of the present embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the transmission assembly of the Y-axis screw 7-5, the transmission assembly of the measurement screw 3-5 and the transmission assembly of the positioning screw can all adopt a transmission mode of a synchronous belt.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The device for measuring the outer diameter of the thin-wall bearing ring is characterized by comprising a support frame, a workbench, a positioning mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a counter-supporting mechanism, wherein the workbench is obliquely arranged on the support frame; the worktable is provided with a measuring center, wherein,
the positioning mechanism comprises a Y-axis positioning mechanism and an X-axis positioning mechanism, wherein the Y-axis positioning mechanism is arranged on the workbench and used for positioning the Y-axis direction of the thin-wall bearing ring, and the X-axis positioning mechanism is used for positioning the X-axis direction of the thin-wall bearing ring; the Y-axis positioning mechanism comprises a Y-axis guide groove, a Y-axis positioning rod and a Y-axis adjusting mechanism, the Y-axis guide groove is arranged on the workbench and extends along the Y-axis direction of the workbench, the Y-axis positioning rod is connected to the Y-axis guide groove in a sliding mode, the Y-axis adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the Y-axis positioning rod to move and position on the Y-axis guide groove, and the Y-axis positioning rod points to the measuring center; the X-axis positioning mechanism comprises an X-axis positioning rod arranged on the workbench in a sliding manner and an X-axis adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the X-axis positioning rod to move and position along the X-axis direction of the workbench;
the measuring mechanism comprises a torsion spring comparator arranged on the workbench in a sliding mode and a measuring and adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the torsion spring comparator to move on the workbench along the Y-axis direction; the axis of the Y-axis positioning rod is superposed with the axis of the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator, and the Y-axis positioning rod is arranged opposite to the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator;
the reverse-resisting mechanism comprises a reverse-resisting rod arranged between the Y-axis positioning rod and the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator and a reverse-resisting adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the reverse-resisting rod to move along the Y-axis guide groove, and the axis of the reverse-resisting rod is overlapped with the axis of the measuring head of the torsion spring comparator;
a reverse abutting sliding block is arranged between the reverse abutting rod and the Y-axis guide groove, the upper end of the reverse abutting sliding block is connected with the reverse abutting rod, the lower end of the reverse abutting sliding block is connected with the Y-axis guide groove in a sliding fit manner, and the reverse abutting adjusting mechanism is connected with the reverse abutting sliding block; the buffer assembly comprises a limit sleeve fixedly arranged on the reverse-supporting sliding block and a buffer spring arranged in the limit sleeve, the tail end of the limit sleeve is provided with a stepped hole, one end of the reverse-supporting rod is provided with a limit step, the limit step penetrates through the stepped hole and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the limit sleeve, one end of the spring acts on the reverse-supporting sliding block, and the other end of the spring acts on the limit step.
2. The device for measuring the outer diameter of the thin-walled bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the end of the counteracting rod is provided with an arc counteracting piece which protrudes outwards relative to the counteracting slide block.
3. The device for measuring the outer diameter of the thin-walled bearing ring according to claim 2, wherein the counter-thrust adjusting mechanism comprises a counter-thrust adjusting driving assembly rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench and a counter-thrust screw transmission assembly for transmitting the power of the adjusting driving assembly to the counter-thrust slider; the reverse-resisting screw rod transmission assembly comprises a reverse-resisting screw rod rotatably arranged in the workbench and a reverse-resisting screw rod nut which is matched with the reverse-resisting screw rod and fixedly connected with the reverse-resisting slide block; the reverse-resistance adjusting driving component comprises a reverse-resistance coarse adjusting component and a reverse-resistance fine adjusting component; the reverse abutting rough adjustment assembly comprises a reverse abutting rough adjustment rocking handle and a rough adjustment transmission gear, wherein the reverse abutting rough adjustment rocking handle is rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench, and the rough adjustment transmission gear is arranged between the reverse abutting rod and the reverse abutting rough adjustment rocking handle and is used for transmitting the power of the reverse abutting rough adjustment rocking handle to the reverse abutting rod; the reverse-supporting fine adjustment assembly comprises a reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle and a fine adjustment transmission gear, wherein the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle is rotatably arranged on the side face of the workbench, the fine adjustment transmission gear is arranged between the coarse adjustment transmission gear and the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle and is used for transmitting power of the reverse-supporting fine adjustment rocking handle to the coarse adjustment transmission gear, and the gear ratio of the fine adjustment transmission gear to the coarse adjustment transmission gear is smaller than 1.
4. The outer diameter measuring device of the thin-walled bearing ring according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the Y-axis adjusting mechanism comprises a Y-axis adjusting rocking handle rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench, a Y-axis first sliding block connected with the Y-axis guide groove in a sliding fit manner, and a Y-axis screw rod transmission assembly for transmitting the power of the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle to the Y-axis first sliding block, and the upper end of the Y-axis first sliding block is fixedly connected with the Y-axis positioning rod; the Y-axis screw rod transmission assembly comprises a Y-axis screw rod and a Y-axis screw rod nut, the Y-axis screw rod is rotatably arranged inside the workbench, the Y-axis screw rod is matched with the Y-axis screw rod, the Y-axis screw rod nut is fixedly connected with the lower end of the first Y-axis slider, and the tail end of the Y-axis screw rod is fixedly connected with the Y-axis adjusting rocking handle.
5. The device for measuring the outer diameter of the thin-walled bearing ring according to claim 4, wherein the X-axis adjusting mechanism comprises an X-axis guide rail, an X-axis slide block, a Y-axis guide rail and a Y-axis second slide block; one end of the X-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to the side face of the Y-axis first sliding block, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail extends along the X-axis direction; the X-axis sliding block is connected to the X-axis guide rail in a sliding manner; one end of the Y-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to the X-axis sliding block, and the other end of the Y-axis guide rail extends along the Y-axis direction; the Y-axis second sliding block is connected to the Y-axis guide rail in a sliding mode, and the X-axis positioning rod is fixed to the Y-axis second sliding block.
6. The device for measuring the outer diameter of the thin-walled bearing ring according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the measuring and adjusting mechanism comprises a sliding groove arranged on the workbench, a measuring slide block in sliding fit with the sliding groove, a clamping rod arranged between the measuring slide block and the torsion spring comparator, and a measuring and adjusting driving component for driving the measuring slide block to move along the sliding groove; the sliding groove and the Y-axis guide groove are arranged in parallel, one end of the clamping rod is fixedly connected with the measuring slide block, and the other end of the clamping rod is fixedly connected with the torsion spring comparator; the measurement adjusting driving assembly comprises a measurement fine adjusting assembly, a measurement coarse adjusting assembly and a measurement screw rod transmission assembly; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the screw rod transmission assembly comprises a measuring screw rod rotatably arranged in the workbench and a measuring screw rod nut which is matched and connected with the measuring screw rod and fixedly connected with the measuring slide block;
the measurement coarse adjustment component comprises a measurement coarse adjustment rocking handle which is rotatably arranged on the side surface of the workbench, and the tail end of the measurement screw rod is fixedly connected with the measurement coarse adjustment rocking handle;
the measurement fine adjustment assembly comprises a sixth gear, a seventh gear, an eighth gear and a measurement fine adjustment rocking handle, the sixth gear is coaxially arranged on the measurement screw rod, the seventh gear is rotatably arranged on the workbench and meshed with the sixth gear, the eighth gear is rotatably arranged on the workbench and meshed with the seventh gear, the measurement fine adjustment rocking handle is coaxially arranged with the eighth gear, and the tooth numbers of the seventh gear and the eighth gear are smaller than those of the sixth gear.
7. The device for measuring the outer diameter of the thin-walled bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the worktable is provided with an annular electromagnetic mechanism; the annular electromagnetic mechanism comprises an annular iron core, a coil arranged on the annular iron core and a variable resistor connected with the coil; the circle center of the annular iron core is coincided with the measuring center; the coil is annularly wound on the annular iron core.
8. The device for measuring the outer diameter of the thin-walled bearing ring according to claim 1, further comprising two reinforcing ribs for preventing the Y-axis positioning rod and the X-axis positioning rod from elastically deforming when positioning the thin-walled bearing ring, wherein the reinforcing ribs have a double-layer structure and respectively comprise a thin magnetic sheet attached to the thin-walled bearing ring and a viscoelastic material disposed on the thin magnetic sheet.
9. A method for measuring an outer diameter of a thin-walled bearing ring, which is applied to the device for measuring an outer diameter of a thin-walled bearing ring according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) adjusting a positioning mechanism on the workbench, and adjusting the distance from the ball head of the Y-axis positioning rod to the measuring center of the workbench to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the Y-axis adjusting mechanism; adjusting the distance from the ball head of the X-axis positioning rod to the measuring center of the workbench to be the radius R of the corresponding standard thin-wall bearing ring of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured through the X-axis adjusting mechanism;
(2) putting the standard thin-wall bearing ring with the inner wall adhered with the reinforcing ribs into a positioning mechanism, and enabling the standard thin-wall bearing ring to be abutted against a ball head of a Y-axis positioning rod and a ball head of an X-axis positioning rod, wherein the positions of the reinforcing ribs correspond to the positions of the Y-axis positioning rod and the X-axis positioning rod;
(3) the adjusting and measuring mechanism adjusts the torsion spring comparator to move towards the standard thin-wall bearing ring through the measuring and adjusting mechanism, and when a measuring head of the torsion spring comparator acts on the outer wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, a pointer of the torsion spring comparator rotates by a certain scale m;
(4) adjusting a reverse-resisting mechanism, adjusting a reverse-resisting rod to move towards the direction of the torsion spring comparator through the reverse-resisting adjusting mechanism, enabling a ball head of the reverse-resisting rod to act on the inner wall of the standard thin-wall bearing ring, and enabling a pointer of the torsion spring comparator to rotate to a position of m/2-m/4; the annular electromagnetic mechanism is electrified, the standard thin-wall bearing ring is subjected to the magnetic force of the annular electromagnetic mechanism, the magnetic force provides an upward force for the standard thin-wall bearing ring, so that the downward movement of the gravity center of the thin-wall bearing ring caused by self weight is reduced, the pointer of the torsional spring comparator rotates for a certain scale, and the scale at the moment is marked as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
(5) Keeping the positions of the positioning mechanism, the measuring mechanism and the reverse-resisting mechanism and the suction force of the electromagnetic mechanism unchanged, taking down the standard thin-wall bearing ring, placing the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured with the reinforcing ribs on the positioning mechanism, and recording the scale at the moment as
Figure 742238DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
；
(6) Taking down the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, readjusting the position of the reinforcing rib, changing the angle of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, putting the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured on the positioning mechanism again, and recording the scale as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
(7) Repeating the step (6), and changing different angles to the thin-wall bearing ring to be testedThe measurement is carried out, then the recorded scales are sequentially
Figure 809551DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
，
Figure 279716DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
，……，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Wherein n is a positive integer, the scales obtained by measuring at different angles are compared, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is the outer diameter error of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, and the measurement reading of the torsion spring comparator
Figure 760900DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Reading while positioning with standard thin-wall bearing
Figure 231196DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The difference between the two and the diameter 2R of the standard thin-wall bearing are the diameter measurement data of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured, namely the actual diameter of the thin-wall bearing ring to be measured
Figure 882626DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
。
CN202010734497.5A 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 Device and method for measuring outer diameter of thin-wall bearing ring Active CN111692950B (en)

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