CN111690851A - Iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of aluminum matrix composites. The method comprises the following steps: b element is adopted to carry out iron-rich phase modification on the Al-Si melt with high Fe content; carrying out crushing treatment on the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon; carrying out high-temperature spheroidizing treatment to obtain an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material taking an iron-rich phase as a reinforcing phase; the design components of the aluminum matrix composite material comprise: si: 10.0-13.0%, Fe: 2.6% -5.0%, Mg: 0.25-0.4%, B: 0.03-0.06%, less than or equal to 0.30% of other impurity elements, wherein the content of Mn is less than or equal to 0.05%, the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of Al. The method combines iron-rich phase transformation, large plastic deformation and high-temperature spheroidization principles, can convert large needle-shaped iron-rich phase and eutectic silicon into superfine reinforcing phase with dispersion distribution, high sphericity and high volume fraction, and can obviously improve the wear resistance of the alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, in particular to an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material is prepared by taking aluminum and aluminum alloy as a matrix and taking ceramic particles, whiskers, fibers and the like as reinforcements through a certain method, and has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, fatigue resistance, wear resistance, good electric conduction and heat conduction performance and the like. In particular, the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite has the characteristics of isotropy, high dimensional stability, good processing performance, various preparation methods, lower cost and the like, and can be widely applied to the high-end application fields of aerospace, automobiles and military industry.
The commonly used preparation methods of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material include stirring casting method, powder metallurgy method, spray deposition, extrusion casting method, metal infiltration, semi-solid forming, in-situ autogenesis and the like. Depending on the source of the reinforcing particles, there may be added methods including stirring casting, powder metallurgy, spray deposition, squeeze casting, metal infiltration, semi-solid forming, etc. as mentioned above, and in-situ autogenous methods. Wherein, the in-situ self-generation method means that under certain conditions, the additive and the matrix are subjected to chemical reaction to generate a small-size and uniformly-distributed reinforcing phase, such as: oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides, and the like. Compared with an external method, the in-situ internal and external method has the biggest advantages that the interface between the reinforcing phase and the matrix is tightly combined, is clean and pollution-free, and the prepared composite material has better thermodynamic stability and mechanical property and wide engineering application prospect.
Fe is the most harmful impurity element in the regenerated aluminum, is basically insoluble in aluminum solid, and the in-situ generated iron-rich phase has the characteristics of high hardness, high thermal stability and the like, and has the potential of being used as an aluminum matrix composite reinforcing phase. However, since the iron-rich phase is generally in the form of a coarse needle-like plate, it exerts a strong cracking action on the matrix and deteriorates the toughness of the alloy. Therefore, how to transform the needle-shaped iron-rich phase into the small-sized, high-sphericity and uniformly distributed iron-rich phase is the key point for preparing the aluminum matrix composite material taking the iron-rich phase as the reinforcing phase.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, which combine iron-rich phase transformation, large plastic deformation and high-temperature spheroidization principles and can effectively convert a large needle-shaped iron-rich phase and eutectic silicon into a dispersion-distributed, high-sphericity and high-volume-fraction ultrafine reinforced phase, thereby remarkably improving the wear resistance of the alloy.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method of an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite, including the following steps:
b element is adopted to carry out iron-rich phase modification on the Al-Si melt with high Fe content;
carrying out crushing treatment on the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon;
carrying out high-temperature spheroidizing treatment to obtain an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material taking an iron-rich phase as a reinforcing phase;
the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprise, by mass, Si: 10.0-13.0%, Fe: 2.6% -5.0%, Mg: 0.25-0.4%, B: 0.03-0.06%, less than or equal to 0.30% of other impurity elements, wherein the content of Mn is less than or equal to 0.05%, the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of Al.
In an alternative embodiment, before the step of modifying the iron-rich phase of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the method further comprises the following steps:
heating the aluminum material to a high-temperature state and then completely melting the aluminum material to obtain an original melt;
adjusting the actually measured components of the Si element, the Fe element and the Mg element in the original melt and the Mn element and the Cr element in the impurity elements to the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and then carrying out cooling treatment to obtain the Al-Si melt with high Fe content.
In an alternative embodiment, the temperature of the high temperature state is 800-850 ℃, and the temperature reduction treatment is to reduce the temperature to 750-800 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of performing iron-rich phase modification on the Al-Si melt with high Fe content by using B element specifically comprises the following steps:
adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the Al-Si melt subjected to cooling treatment according to the design components.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of the crushing treatment of the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon specifically comprises:
casting and forming the melt subjected to iron-rich phase modification to obtain a billet or a casting;
and (3) performing one-dimensional linear/two-dimensional curve/three-dimensional curved surface stirring friction processing modification on the whole or part of the billet or the casting.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of cast molding specifically comprises:
and (3) sequentially carrying out online refining, standing and slag removal on the melt after the iron-rich phase is modified, then casting the melt into ingots or casting the melt into a heat preservation furnace, and directly supplying the melt to casting forming equipment to obtain billet or casting.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of high-temperature spheroidizing specifically includes:
and putting the billet or the casting subjected to the stirring friction processing modification into a heat treatment furnace for heating treatment and artificial aging treatment.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of high-temperature spheroidizing specifically includes:
the heating treatment step is heating to 500-540 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12-36 hours;
the artificial aging treatment is carried out after quenching, the process temperature is 175-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-8 hours.
In an optional embodiment, the mass percentages of the Si element, the Fe element, the Mg element, the B element, and the Al element in the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material are as follows:
Al-12.0Si-2.6Fe-0.4Mg-0.04B；
or Al-10.0Si-3.5Fe-0.35 Mg-0.03B;
or Al-13.0Si-5.0Fe-0.30 Mg-0.06B;
or Al-13.0Si-4.0Fe-0.30 Mg-0.06B.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which is prepared by the method for preparing an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to any one of the foregoing embodiments.
Embodiments of the invention have at least the following advantages or benefits:
the embodiment of the invention provides an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps of firstly, adopting B element to modify an iron-rich phase of an Al-Si melt with high Fe content, secondly, carrying out crushing treatment on an iron-rich phase and eutectic silicon, and finally, carrying out high-temperature spheroidizing treatment to obtain the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material with the iron-rich phase as a reinforcing phase, wherein the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprise 10.0-13.0% of Si, 2.6-5.0% of Fe, 0.25-0.4% of Mg, 0.03-0.06% of B, less than or equal to 0.30% of other impurity elements according to mass percent, wherein Mn is less than or equal to 0.05%, Cr is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance is Al.5FeSi grows in a small plane mode, namely the transverse growth speed is high, the growth in the thickness direction is slow, so that the FeSi is in an interconnected and large needle shape, but the thickness can reach more than 10 mu m due to high Fe content, after the B is added for modifying the iron-rich phase, on one hand, the forming temperature of the iron-rich phase can be reduced, on the other hand, the FeSi is adsorbed and enriched at the front edge of the iron-rich phase as an active element to block the diffusion of the Fe element so as to inhibit the growth of the iron-rich phase, thereby achieving the purpose of refining the iron-rich phase, particularly β -Al5The thickness of FeSi is less than 5 μm. And the second step is the crushing of the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon, and the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon are crushed into fine particles by utilizing the large plastic deformation characteristic of friction stir processing. The third step is high-temperature spheroidizing, and the crushed eutectic silicon and iron-rich phase periphery are collecteda large amount of dislocation is gathered, the high-energy sharp corner is formed, and under the condition of high-temperature heat treatment, spheroidization occurs because of β -Al5The FeSi phase has higher thermal stability, and the time of high-temperature treatment is longer than that of ordinary solution treatment. Through the three steps, the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum composite material which is 12-30% higher in volume fraction of the iron-rich phase, less than or equal to 3 microns in average particle size, more than or equal to 0.85 in sphericity and uniformly distributed can be prepared, and the wear resistance can be remarkably improved.
Namely, by using the method, the iron-rich phase modification, large plastic deformation and high-temperature spheroidization principle can be combined, and the large needle-shaped iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon are converted into the superfine reinforcing phase with dispersion distribution, high sphericity and high volume fraction, so that the wear resistance of the alloy is obviously improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of a melt degenerated by using element B according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein gray and white needle bars in the metallographic structure diagram are iron-rich phases.
Fig. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein in the metallographic structure diagram, an iron-rich phase is defined as an off-white particle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, adopting B element to carry out iron-rich phase modification on Al-Si melt with high Fe content; secondly, carrying out crushing treatment on the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon; finally, carrying out high-temperature spheroidization to obtain an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material taking the iron-rich phase as a reinforcing phase; the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprise, by mass, Si: 10.0-13.0%, Fe: 2.6% -5.0%, Mg: 0.25-0.4%, B: 0.03-0.06%, less than or equal to 0.30% of other impurity elements, wherein the content of Mn is less than or equal to 0.05%, the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of Al.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the mass percentages of the Si element, the Fe element, the Mg element, the B element, and the Al element in the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material may be specifically selected as follows: al-12.0Si-2.6Fe-0.4 Mg-0.04B; or Al-10.0Si-3.5Fe-0.35 Mg-0.03B; or Al-13.0Si-5.0Fe-0.30 Mg-0.06B; or Al-13.0Si-4.0Fe-0.30 Mg-0.06B. Of course, in other embodiments, the selection and adjustment can be performed according to the requirement.
in detail, the method mainly comprises three steps, namely iron-rich phase modification, iron-rich phase and eutectic silicon crushing and high-temperature spheroidization, wherein the first step is iron-rich phase transformation, the solubility of Fe in high-temperature aluminum melt is as high as 5 wt%, and the iron-rich phase is β -Al with a monoclinic structure in the condition of basically not containing Mn, Cr, Be, Sc and other elements capable of changing the crystal structure of the iron-rich phase5As shown in figure 1, after the iron-rich phase is modified by adding B, on one hand, the formation temperature of the iron-rich phase can be reduced, and on the other hand, the Fe element is adsorbed and enriched at the front edge of the iron-rich phase to block the diffusion of the Fe element so as to inhibit the growth of the iron-rich phase, thereby achieving the purpose of refining the iron-rich phase, particularly reducing β -Al5The thickness of FeSi is less than 5 μm. The second step is the breaking of the iron-rich phase and eutectic siliconthe third step is high temperature spheroidization, a large amount of dislocation is gathered around the crushed eutectic silicon and the iron-rich phase, high energy sharp corner is formed, and spheroidization occurs under the condition of high temperature heat treatment5The FeSi phase has higher thermal stability, and the time of high-temperature treatment is longer than that of ordinary solution treatment. Through the three steps, the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum composite material which is shown in figure 2 and has the volume fraction of the iron-rich phase being 12-30%, the average particle size being less than or equal to 3 mu m, the sphericity being more than or equal to 0.85 and being uniformly distributed can be prepared, and the wear resistance of the composite material can be obviously improved.
The following is a detailed description of the steps of subjecting the original melt of the aluminum material to iron-rich phase modification by element B to obtain the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, and sequentially subjecting the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material to iron-rich phase and eutectic silicon crushing and high-temperature spheroidizing to obtain the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: heating the aluminum material to a high-temperature state and then completely melting the aluminum material to obtain an original melt;
wherein, the aluminum material can be selected as waste filter material, so as to save the manufacturing cost and save the resources. Of course, other embodiments may also be selected from general aluminum materials, and this embodiment is not limited. Meanwhile, the waste aluminum materials are put into an aluminum alloy melting furnace in a high-temperature state of being heated to 800-850 ℃, and the aluminum materials can be fully melted in the high-temperature state, so that the normal operation of the subsequent steps is ensured.
S2: adjusting the actually measured components of the Si element, the Fe element and the Mg element in the original melt and the Mn element and the Cr element in the impurity elements to the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and then carrying out cooling treatment to obtain the Al-Si melt with high Fe content.
In detail, after the aluminum material is completely melted, the melt can be stirred and sampled from the middle of the melt, and the chemical composition of the melt can be tested, so that the actual composition of the melt can be adjusted conveniently according to the design composition, and the composition of the melt can meet the requirements of Si: 10.0-13.0%, Fe: 2.6% -5.0%, Mg: 0.25-0.4%, B: 0.03-0.06%, less than or equal to 0.30% of other impurity elements, wherein the content of Mn is less than or equal to 0.05%, the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance is Al. And after the components are qualified, cooling the melt to 750-800 ℃ so as to ensure the stability of each component in the melt and facilitate the subsequent preparation steps.
S3: adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the Al-Si melt subjected to cooling treatment according to the design components.
in detail, since the solubility of Fe in an aluminum melt at 800 ℃ is as high as 5 wt.%, the type of iron-rich phase is monoclinic β -Al in the substantial absence of Mn, Cr, Be, Sc, etc. elements capable of changing the crystal structure of the iron-rich phase5meanwhile, the addition of B element can reduce the formation temperature of the iron-rich phase on one hand, and on the other hand, the Fe element is adsorbed and enriched on the front edge of the iron-rich phase as an active element to block the diffusion of the Fe element so as to inhibit the growth of the iron-rich phase, thereby achieving the purpose of refining the iron-rich phase, in particular reducing the beta-Al phase5The thickness of FeSi is less than 5 μm, thereby effectively ensuring the wear resistance of the alloy.
S4: casting and forming the melt subjected to iron-rich phase modification to obtain a billet or a casting; and (3) performing one-dimensional linear/two-dimensional curve/three-dimensional curved surface stirring friction processing modification on the whole or part of the billet or the casting.
In detail, the steps specifically include:
s41: carrying out online refining, standing and slag skimming on the melt in sequence, then casting the melt into ingots or casting the melt into a heat preservation furnace, and directly supplying the melt to casting forming equipment to obtain billet ingots or castings;
s42: the friction stir processing modification of the one-dimensional straight line/two-dimensional curve/three-dimensional curved surface is realized by designing programs such as a main shaft angle, a main shaft rotating speed, steering, processing speed, processing pass, lap joint rate and the like. The procedures such as the spindle angle, the spindle rotation speed, the steering, the machining speed, the machining pass, the lapping rate and the like can be adjusted or improved according to experimental requirements or actual preparation requirements, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited.
The iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon are crushed into fine particles by the crushing treatment of the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon and the large plastic deformation characteristic of friction stir processing, so that the uniformly distributed iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum composite material is obtained, and the wear resistance of the composite material is effectively ensured.
S5: and putting the billet or the casting subjected to the stirring friction processing modification into a heat treatment furnace for heating treatment and artificial aging treatment. The heating treatment step is heating to 500-540 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12-36 hours; the artificial aging treatment is carried out after quenching, the process temperature is 175-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-8 hours.
in detail, a large amount of dislocation is gathered at the periphery of the crushed eutectic silicon and the iron-rich phase, and spheroidization occurs under the condition of high-temperature heat treatment because β -Al5The FeSi phase has higher thermal stability, the time of high-temperature treatment is longer than that of ordinary solid solution treatment, and after long-time heating spheroidization, the wear resistance of the alloy material can be further ensured.
The preparation method of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite is described in detail with reference to the following specific examples:
example 1
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the design components of Al-12.0Si-2.6Fe-0.4 Mg-0.04B.
The high-wear-resistance composite material is prepared by the following method:
s1: putting the waste aluminum material into an aluminum alloy melting furnace, heating to 800 ℃, and completely melting to obtain an original melt;
s2: after the aluminum material is completely melted, stirring the melt, sampling from the middle part of the melt, and testing the chemical composition of the melt; adjusting chemical components of the melt according to design components and actual measurement components, adjusting the actual measurement components of Si element, Fe element and Mg element in the original melt and Mn element and Cr element in impurity elements to the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and cooling the melt to 750 ℃ to obtain an Al-Si melt with high Fe content;
s3: adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the Al-Si melt subjected to cooling treatment according to the design components;
s41: refining the melt on line, standing, slagging off and then casting into a billet;
s42: mounting the billet on a clamp, fixing the billet and the clamp in a processing area of friction stir welding equipment, and performing one-dimensional linear friction stir processing modification on the local part of the billet;
s5: and (3) putting the billet into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 18h, carrying out artificial aging treatment after quenching, wherein the process temperature is 175 ℃, and preserving heat for 5 h.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the following design components of Al-10.0Si-3.5Fe-0.35 Mg-0.03B.
The high-wear-resistance composite material is prepared by the following method:
s1: putting the waste aluminum material into an aluminum alloy melting furnace, heating to 820 ℃, and completely melting to obtain an original melt;
s2: after the aluminum material is completely melted, stirring the melt, sampling from the middle part of the melt, and testing the chemical composition of the melt; adjusting chemical components of the melt according to design components and actual measurement components, adjusting the actual measurement components of an Si element, an Fe element and an Mg element in the original melt and an Mn element and a Cr element in an impurity element to the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and cooling the melt to 760 ℃ to obtain an Al-Si melt with high Fe content;
s3: adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the Al-Si melt subjected to cooling treatment according to the design components;
s41: refining the melt on line, standing, slagging off and then casting into a billet;
s42: mounting the billet on a clamp, fixing the billet and the clamp in a processing area of friction stir welding equipment, and performing two-dimensional curve friction stir processing modification on the whole billet;
s5: and (3) putting the billet into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 530 ℃, preserving heat for 12h, quenching, and then carrying out artificial aging treatment, wherein the process is 200 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the design components of Al-13.0Si-5.0Fe-0.30 Mg-0.06B.
The high-wear-resistance composite material is prepared by the following method:
s1: putting the waste aluminum material into an aluminum alloy melting furnace, heating to 850 ℃, and completely melting to obtain an original melt;
s2: after the aluminum material is completely melted, stirring the melt, sampling from the middle part of the melt, and testing the chemical composition of the melt; and adjusting the chemical components of the melt according to the design components and the actually measured components. Adjusting actual measurement components of Si element, Fe element and Mg element in the original melt and Mn element and Cr element in impurity elements to design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and cooling the melt to 800 ℃ to obtain Al-Si melt with high Fe content;
s3: adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the Al-Si melt subjected to cooling treatment according to the design components;
s41: refining the melt on line, standing, slagging off, pouring into a tundish, and directly supplying to a die casting device to obtain a corresponding casting;
s42: mounting the casting on a clamp, fixing the casting and the clamp in a processing area of friction stir welding equipment, and performing friction stir processing modification on a three-dimensional curved surface on the local part of a billet;
s5: and (3) putting the billet or the casting into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 540 ℃, preserving heat for 36h, carrying out man-hour treatment after quenching, wherein the process is 180 ℃, and preserving heat for 6 h.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the design components of Al-13.0Si-4.0Fe-0.30 Mg-0.06B.
The high-wear-resistance composite material is prepared by the following method:
s1: putting the waste aluminum material into an aluminum alloy melting furnace, heating to 840 ℃ and completely melting to obtain an original melt;
s2: and after the aluminum material is completely melted, stirring the melt, sampling from the middle part of the melt, testing the chemical composition of the melt, and adjusting the chemical composition of the melt according to the design composition and the actually measured composition by comparison. Adjusting the actually measured components of Si element, Fe element and Mg element in the original melt and Mn element and Cr element in impurity elements to the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and cooling the melt to 780 ℃ to obtain an Al-Si melt with high Fe content;
s3: adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the Al-Si melt subjected to cooling treatment according to the design components;
s41: refining the melt on line, standing, slagging off, pouring into a tundish, and directly supplying to a die casting device to obtain a corresponding casting;
s42: mounting the casting on a clamp, fixing the casting and the clamp in a processing area of friction stir welding equipment, and performing friction stir processing modification on a three-dimensional curved surface on the local part of a billet;
s5: and (3) putting the processed billet or casting into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 535 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, carrying out artificial aging treatment after quenching, and preserving heat for 8 hours at 190 ℃.
Experimental example 1
The properties of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composites prepared in examples 1 to 4 were measured and compared with those of Al-12Si-0.3Mg-0.8Fe ingot T6, and the results are shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 comparison of Properties
| Examples | Volume fraction of iron-rich phase% | Microhardness HV | Abrasion loss mg |
| Al-12Si-0.3Mg-T6 | 3.8 | 85 | 32.5 |
| 1 | 12.4 | 128 | 6.0 |
| 2 | 16.5 | 132 | 4.2 |
| 3 | 27.6 | 144 | 2.4 |
| 4 | 21.9 | 134 | 3.0 |
As can be seen from the data recorded in Table 1 and the data shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention can prepare the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum composite material with the volume fraction of the iron-rich phase being 12-30%, the average particle size being less than or equal to 3 μm, the sphericity being greater than or equal to 0.85 and the uniform distribution after the three steps of iron-rich phase modification, iron-rich phase and eutectic silicon crushing and high-temperature spheroidization, and the wear resistance of the Al-12Si-0.3Mg-0.8Fe cast ingot T6 is improved by more than 5 times after the treatment.
In summary, the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention combine the iron-rich phase transformation, large plastic deformation and high-temperature spheroidization principles, convert the coarse needle-like iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon into the dispersion-distributed, high-sphericity and high-volume-fraction ultrafine reinforced phase, and can significantly improve the wear resistance of the alloy.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
b element is adopted to carry out iron-rich phase modification on the Al-Si melt with high Fe content;
carrying out crushing treatment on the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon;
carrying out high-temperature spheroidizing treatment to obtain an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material taking an iron-rich phase as a reinforcing phase;
the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprise, by mass, Si: 10.0-13.0%, Fe: 2.6% -5.0%, Mg: 0.25-0.4%, B: 0.03-0.06%, less than or equal to 0.30% of other impurity elements, wherein the content of Mn is less than or equal to 0.05%, the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of Al.
2. The method for preparing an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, before the step of modifying the iron-rich phase:
heating the aluminum material to a high-temperature state and then completely melting the aluminum material to obtain an original melt;
adjusting the actually measured components of the Si element, the Fe element, the Mg element and the Mn element and the Cr element in the impurity elements in the original melt to the design components of the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and then carrying out cooling treatment to obtain the Al-Si melt with high Fe content.
3. The method for preparing an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 2, wherein:
the temperature of the high-temperature state is 800-850 ℃, and the temperature reduction treatment is to reduce the temperature to 750-800 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the step of modifying the Al-Si melt with high Fe content by using the B element specifically comprises:
and adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the Al-Si melt subjected to cooling treatment according to the design components.
5. The method for preparing the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the step of crushing the iron-rich phase and the eutectic silicon comprises:
casting and forming the melt subjected to iron-rich phase modification to obtain a billet or a casting;
and carrying out one-dimensional straight line/two-dimensional curve/three-dimensional curved surface stirring friction processing modification on the whole or part of the billet or the casting.
6. The method for preparing the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 5, wherein the step of casting and molding specifically comprises:
and sequentially carrying out online refining, standing and slag removal on the melt after the iron-rich phase is modified, and then casting the melt into ingots or casting the melt into a heat preservation furnace, and directly supplying the melt to casting forming equipment to obtain the billet or the casting.
7. The method for preparing the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 5, wherein the step of high temperature spheroidization comprises:
and putting the billet or the casting subjected to the stirring friction processing modification into a heat treatment furnace for heating treatment and artificial aging treatment.
8. The method for preparing the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 7, wherein the step of high temperature spheroidization comprises:
the heating treatment step is heating to 500-540 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12-36 hours;
the artificial aging treatment is carried out after quenching, the process temperature is 175-200 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 3-8 hours.
9. The method for preparing an iron-rich phase-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the Si element, the Fe element, the Mg element, the B element, and the Al element in the iron-rich phase-reinforced aluminum-based composite material are as follows:
Al-12.0Si-2.6Fe-0.4Mg-0.04B；
or Al-10.0Si-3.5Fe-0.35 Mg-0.03B;
or Al-13.0Si-5.0Fe-0.30 Mg-0.06B;
or Al-13.0Si-4.0Fe-0.30 Mg-0.06B.
10. An iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that the iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the method for preparing an iron-rich phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| EP2940164A1 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-11-04 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ALUMINUM ALLOY IN WHICH Al-Fe-Si-BASED COMPOUND IS MINIATURIZED |
| CN105087990A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-25 | 华南理工大学 | Combined treating method for modified Mg2Si/Fe-rich aluminum matrix composite texture |
| CN108823516A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-16 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of method of needle-shaped Fe-riched phase form in improvement aluminium alloy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2940164A1 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-11-04 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ALUMINUM ALLOY IN WHICH Al-Fe-Si-BASED COMPOUND IS MINIATURIZED |
| EP2940164B1 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2018-04-04 | Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy in which al-fe-si-based compound is miniaturized |
| CN105087990A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-25 | 华南理工大学 | Combined treating method for modified Mg2Si/Fe-rich aluminum matrix composite texture |
| CN108823516A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-16 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of method of needle-shaped Fe-riched phase form in improvement aluminium alloy |
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