CN1116885A - Improvements in lightning protection - Google Patents
Improvements in lightning protection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1116885A CN1116885A CN94191036A CN94191036A CN1116885A CN 1116885 A CN1116885 A CN 1116885A CN 94191036 A CN94191036 A CN 94191036A CN 94191036 A CN94191036 A CN 94191036A CN 1116885 A CN1116885 A CN 1116885A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- dse
- parts
- ese
- lightning
- fabrication
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
- H02G13/80—Discharge by conduction or dissipation, e.g. rods, arresters, spark gaps
Abstract
A lightning protection system comprises an Early Streamer Emission (ESE) air terminal (14) and a plurality of Delayed Streamer Emission (DSE) element (18) strategically spaced around said ESE whereby the protective radius of said ESE terminal is extended and lightning is directed to the said ESE air terminal. A DSE element (18) has a plurality of upwardly diverging finials (20) with pointed tips, an insulating body (22) and an internal resistor (24) forming a series impedance between said finials and an earth plate (26) on which a series of DSE elements are mounted to provide a DSE device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for lightning-arrest improvement, particularly for the improvement of the lightning capture efficiency of lightning rod (in other words in particular, the aerial end parts of lightning rod system).
Back of the body amount technology
The Benjamin Franklin confirms that in 1752 electricity is attracted to the metalwork of sharpening.In 1753, he described the lightning rod that comprises gad in detail.In letter after a while, and after the practice of having watched the Britain Electrician, he observes the tip will produce corona, by electric current is put into air, make air ionization in mode slowly.Yet he comments on that also capturing thunderbolt with blunt bar may be more effective.
Since epoch, there have been a lot of inventions to be used for improving the ability of capturing of original Franklin tip lightning rod from the Franklin.These inventions comprise that multiple spot, radioactivity strengthen, are the spark generator of power with the battery; The high pressure generator of wind drive; And nearest multiple spot is held generation spark when the natural electric field that these aerial ends take place exists in the air under thunderstorm rain.An example of the aerial end of this multiple spot is at United States Patent (USP) 4,480, discloses in 146.
Aspect science, increasing people admits that above-mentioned most advanced and sophisticated corona produces space charge above it.This space charge is between thundercloud and earth point, and its effect has changed at the observed electric field in described tip.In this process, must more approach earth point as main discharge guide's asymptotic downlead and block discharge to trigger to draw on one.The closure of upper and lower just discharge air gap has finally been finished thundercloud to ground, ground electrical path.This closure has caused lightning strike spot.
In recent years, cause that from earthing conductor drawing discharge in early days has two general notions.These two notions have constituted and have been referred to as the radiation of early stage time (Early Streamer Emission, ESE) basis of the new technology of aerial end.
A kind of ESE holds in the air and adopts the pulse layout the observed pause of drainage light time to occur going up to eliminate.Another kind as at United States Patent (USP) 4,760, is disclosed among 213 (the J.R. Gang Mulai), adopts a kind of spherical shape to reduce corona when having electrostatic field.Same device is formerly guided the gap place that leads the way of rolling off the production line and is produced trigger impulse.Trigger impulse produces free electron ionization and photoionization draws the formation of reaching the standard grade with help.
Another kind of technology attempt mat before " flashover point (flashover point) " produces in and between thundercloud and the specific position charge differences be struck by lightning preventing at this specific position.A kind of like this " dissipative system " at United States Patent (USP) 5,043, announcement (R.B. Ka Benteer) is arranged in 527.
At United States Patent (USP) 5,043, in 527 the announcement, there are a plurality of coronas to produce point, and a claim that can be dissipated in electric charge in the thundercloud is arranged.This device is designed in time and draws discharge or draw the formation of reaching the standard grade postponing on the current amplitude, perhaps leans against first guide wire or downlead and can form the thundercloud that dissipates before and prevent to draw and discharge or draw the formation of reaching the standard grade.
The third method is called and postpones the time radiation (Delayed Streamer Emision, DSE) notion suppose that first guide wire will form, but attempt the response that postpones arrogantly to hold.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved lightning protection system and a method.
Therefore; a principal mode of the present invention is to provide a kind of lightning protection system for a fabrication or place; this system comprises that one is positioned on the described fabrication or the ESE in described place holds in the air; wherein have at least DSE parts to be placed on the described fabrication or be placed on described place; leave the suitable distance of the aerial end of described ESE, expand the protection radius of the aerial end of described ESE thus.
Another principal mode of the present invention provides a kind of lightning protection method, wherein, the aerial end of one or more ESE is suitably arranged with a plurality of DSE parts, thunderbolt is caused the fabrication or the place of described or the aerial end of several ESE with protection.
Another principal mode of the present invention is to provide a kind of lightning protection system for a fabrication or place, wherein, corresponding to plus or minus separately draw the on-line time advantage, a plurality of passive lightning-arrest terminal installations are made appropriate combination at described fabrication or described place, to expand the attraction radius of a sub collector.
Another form of the present invention provides the DSE parts, and wherein, a plurality of pinnacles of upwards scattering that provide corona to form point are provided the DSE parts, and the series impedance of these parts prevents that false thunder and lightning from drawing appearance of reaching the standard grade and the propagation that causes thereof.
Summary of drawings
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the sketch map in order to the attraction radius of determining the common Franklin lightning rod on the fabrication;
Fig. 2 is the sketch map that is similar to Fig. 1, brings in the air with ESE to replace the Franklin lightning rod;
Fig. 3 is the sketch map that is similar to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, according to the present invention, with ESE and two kinds of aerial end installation in position of DSE;
Fig. 4 is the end view according to the DSE array of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the perspective view that is suitable for being installed in the DSE parts on the fabrication revetment;
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of another kind of Fig. 5 parts.
Preferred forms of the present invention
Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of layout of the attraction radius of determining the common Franklin lightning rod 10 on fabrication 12.We must at first determine to produce the Spherical Surface S of the radius D (thunderbolt distance) of a representative initiation distance
1Required degree of protection.This distance is provided with by the electric charge on downlead.It is to draw when reaching the standard grade by the head of the downlead distance to ground potential points (earth point) beginning to set up.
The downlead electric charge also peak discharge current with consequential thunderbolt is relevant.Have many researchers the latter to be measured, now can add up all discharges more than being higher than a given peak current are protected.For example, 93% in the lightning discharge surpasses 10kA first, and it is associated with about 3 coulombs lead-in wire electric charge.
Yet, reach the standard grade and propagate although the Franklin lightning rod may be set up to draw, Franklin lightning rod 10 is drawn a pro rata Spherical Surface S
1Can not guarantee that lightning rod is not struck by lightning.Competition is from other points on the fabrication.The equiprobability L track that can draw, wherein Franklin lightning rod and other structure protrusion have same probability and initiate one and draw and reach the standard grade.Referring now to Australian Standard AS1768-1991, are collected volume V in these probability trajectories inside.This provides the protection radius R
P, in Fig. 1, this radius (R
P1) do not extend to all parts of fabrication, thereby be unsuitable.
In Fig. 2, show the effect of ESE14.We see and have comprised 1 of Δ among the figure, it be by the ESE effect apart from advantage.Under common situation, from reach critical electric field strength the time be carved between the moment of drawing reach the standard grade actual lift-off and propagation a time delay arranged.Reduce this time delay and can be expressed as increase initiation distance.Δ 1 be multiply by by the jump of the aerial end 14 of ESE and draws the propagation velocity of reaching the standard grade and draw, to obtain one apart from advantage.Still keep causing the conventional point of distance D for building, do not have Δ 1.
The effect of Δ 1 is that spherical radius is increased to the Spherical Surface S that representative causes distance
2Radius.Be also noted that other system point does not become, make above-mentioned effect more suitable.Thereby protection radius R
P(see the R among Fig. 2 than the increase of the protection radius among Fig. 1
P2).The aerial end of one ESE can be clear that in the effect aspect the increase attraction power collected volume increases, and sees the IV among Fig. 2 by Fig. 2.
In Fig. 3, illustrate according to a kind of way of the present invention, wherein external structure point 16 can not have the initiation distance D.Point 16 design the initiation that produces corona and in fact postpone to reach the standard grade to drawing.Specifically, provide DSE device for the external structure point, these devices are suitably disposed, and in order to the expansion zone of protection, this will be appreciated that below.Like this, 16 initiation distance will be D-Δ 1.Fig. 3 illustrates, and such time-delay mat further increases R
PValue and the ability of capturing of the aerial end of ESE of in fact having increased.Like this, R
P3(Fig. 3) compare R
P2(Fig. 2) and R
P1(Fig. 1) all want big.
In the present invention, our electricity consumption geometrical model (electrogeometric model) is explained the benefit that the effect combination by the aerial end of ESE and DSE brings, and discloses a design with aerial end structure of DSE feature.
In already mentioned 4,760, No. 213 United States Patent (USP)s, described ESE in detail and held in the air, and the announcement of this patent has been included in this as a reference.In the aerial end of such ESE, the existence of the minimizing of pre-arcing corona and triggering electric arc has contribution to lift-off morning ability.This ability also can obtain in other ESE devices.
As described, the DSE notion with 4,760, what disclose in No. 213 United States Patent (USP)s is opposed.Present purpose is to seek some system points by designing, and these points can match with the aerial end of ESE, and provide the delay generation to draw the device of reaching the standard grade to these points.These devices are multiple spot metal systems, and this system design gets and can produce space charge at once above these systems.The device that adopts among the present invention be not be used for capturing the discharge and just be used for postponing the generation of lead-in wire, hold decision thereby capture priority in the air by ESE.The DSE device of other types also can be used in the system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates according to a plurality of parts 18 of the present invention, and postpone lead-in wire with these parts and cause, and the DSE standard of system according to the invention.
These parts utilize the combination of following physical property:
1. a series of tips that produce sufficient corona/space charge are arranged.
2. there is a permission to insert the collets of control group.
3. there is a restriction to enter the electric current of lead channels, thereby postpones the series impedance that lead-in wire forms and propagates.
Figure 4 illustrates the example of a multiple spot layout, it is applicable to the long chest protector wall on the fabrication.
Each parts 18 comprises three or more pinnacles 20, and the most handy stainless steel in these pinnacles is made, and there is a sharp-pointed taper on each pinnacle.
The preferable interval of taper is about 250 millimeters, and the taper of adjacent component 18 is separated by about 250 millimeters.
One insulated part 22 comprises a high glaze ceramic insulator, is supporting pinnacle 20.Interior resistor 24 is positioned at insulator 22, draws the electric current of reaching the standard grade and propagating with restriction.
Come support unit 18 with a ground plate 26.Plate 26 is made by stainless steel, and adopts bolt 28 or other fixtures that plate is fixed on the revetment of fabrication 12.
The total length of Fig. 4 assembly preferably is about 2 meters, about 500 millimeters of the height above plate 26.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate two the DSEs bands of cardinal principle according to Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 illustrates the DSE band that is contained on the revetment 32.Fig. 6 illustrates another kind of design 34, and a resistance 24 is arranged in it.
The quite simple parts of Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 are worked in the following manner.When having high electric field, combine to eliminate corona current by a plurality of points.For example, if impedance be one the series connection resistor, even its value at the order of magnitude of 1 megaohm, it also will not forbid This move.When electric field was 5 kilovolts/meter, each point can be emitted 5 microamperes, and if have 30 points, then total discharge capacity to be about 150 microamperes.With compare in 100 megavolts that occur between thundercloud and the ground, only be 150 volts across the voltage drop at 1 megaohm two ends.Therefore resistor does not influence the generation of corona, and final space charge will cover observed electric field owing to asymptotic downlead.So this downlead must more approach, draw with initiation and reach the standard grade.
If a downlead approaches parts in the assembly really, will attempt to use to produce to draw and reach the standard grade greater than 10 amperes electric current.This draw reach the standard grade need near 100 the peace oscillating currents to propagate.At the initiation state, need 10 Ampere currents, for example make impedance 10% of 10 megavolts or the combined potential that will drop with the resistor of one 1 megaohm.The effect of above-mentioned resistor is dual.At first, space charge means that downlead need more approach, and propagates to cause.Secondly, owing to propagation has been postponed in the big voltage drop in series impedance.
The high voltage laboratory experiment confirm, the strict prevention of high source impedance drawn the initiation and the propagation of reaching the standard grade.Therefore, the vicinity with ESE performance is held in the air, utilize the gained advantage, can make and draw the initiation generation " delay " of reaching the standard grade.Above-mentioned DSE band (Fig. 4 to Fig. 6) is placed on all fabrication top outer rims that are positioned at outside the aerial protection radius of holding of ESE, thereby as this specification is foregoing, expands the protection radius.
In the present invention, the combination of the time of the aerial end of existing ESE and propagation performance is combined with the new equipment that designs for DSE.This combination will strengthen the former attraction power, and reduce attractor of thunder and lightning bypass and hit the danger of decreasing angle far away and revetment.Also,, an electric geometrical model has been described with the jump and the inferior position of two kinds of aerial end notions to determine the mode of the true zone of protection of whole thunder and lightning attraction system.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is used for fabrication or place, the lightning protection system that comprises the aerial end of ESE that is positioned at described fabrication or described place, it is characterized in that, have at least DSE parts to be positioned on described fabrication or the described place, suitable apart with the aerial end of described ESE, expand the aerial protection radius of holding of described ESE thus.
2. lightning protection system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, a plurality of DSE parts separate with suitable distance around the aerial end of an ESE, holds in the air to impel near the thunderbolt that occurs in the described system to hit described ESE.
3. lightning protection system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the aerial end of described ESE is passive devices with described DSE parts.
4. lightning protection system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, each described DSE parts comprises a plurality of coronas and forms point and a series impedance, with the initiation that stops thunder and lightning to draw to reach the standard grade and propagation thereafter, the interval that corona forms between the point in the one DSE parts equates substantially, and the interval between adjacent component and the consecutive points also equates substantially.
5. lightning protection system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described DSE parts are installed on long and narrow the pedestal band or dihedral band in mode separated by a distance, and on the revetment that is contained in the fabrication that will take shelter from the thunder, described pedestal band constitutes a ground plate.
6. a lightning-arrest method is characterized in that, with the aerial end of one or more ESE again with a plurality of DSE parts appropriate combination in addition, use the way that thunderbolt is caused the aerial end of described one or more ESE to protect a fabrication or place.
7. a lightning protection system that is used for fabrication or place is characterized in that, a plurality of passive lightning-arrest terminal installation that draws jump on the plus or minus that has is separately located appropriate combination at described fabrication or place, to expand the attraction radius of a sub collector.
8. DSE parts is characterized in that, a plurality of pinnacles of upwards scattering (these pinnacles provide corona form point) and a series connection impedance are provided for it, draw the initiation of reaching the standard grade and propagation thereafter with the prevention thunder and lightning.
9. DSE parts as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that there is sharp-pointed taper on described pinnacle on their top, these tapers are configuration equidistantly mutually substantially, and be installed on the insulator, described series impedance device is contained in the insulator, and links to each other with described pinnacle.
10. the DSE device that a series of DSE parts as claimed in claim 9 constitute, it is characterized in that, described a series of parts are fixed on the long and narrow ground plate at regular intervals, the series impedance of each parts is electrically connected to described ground plate thus, and the interval between the taper on the adjacent pinnacle of adjacent component equals the interval between the adjacent taper of each parts substantially.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL7030 | 1993-01-29 | ||
| AUPL703093 | 1993-01-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1116885A true CN1116885A (en) | 1996-02-14 |
Family
ID=3776679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94191036A Pending CN1116885A (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-01-31 | Improvements in lightning protection |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0681753A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08505981A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960700551A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1116885A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU670360B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9406315A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2154798A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994017578A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103683166A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-26 | 国网河南省电力公司商丘供电公司 | Derrick lightning arrester |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0795218A4 (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1999-05-06 | Global Lighting Technologies P | Ignition apparatus and method |
| US7265961B2 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2007-09-04 | Erico International Corporation | Lightning protection device and method |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2058477A (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-04-08 | Dayton Granger Inc | Aircraft static discharger |
| SU1035841A1 (en) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-08-15 | Киевский институт инженеров гражданской авиации | Air-borne craft static electricity arrester |
| IT1210093B (en) * | 1984-03-28 | 1989-09-06 | Ispe Di Erminio Giana E C Sas | DEVICE FOR THE PROTECTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES OR SIMILAR FROM LIGHTNING |
| US5073678A (en) * | 1990-08-21 | 1991-12-17 | Lightning Eliminators & Consultants, Inc. | Spline ball terminal (SBT) |
| US5159521A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-10-27 | Wuhan University Of Hydraulic And Electric Engineering | Lightning eliminator |
-
1994
- 1994-01-31 JP JP6516494A patent/JPH08505981A/en active Pending
- 1994-01-31 KR KR1019950703134A patent/KR960700551A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-01-31 CA CA002154798A patent/CA2154798A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-01-31 EP EP94905624A patent/EP0681753A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-01-31 AU AU59665/94A patent/AU670360B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-01-31 CN CN94191036A patent/CN1116885A/en active Pending
- 1994-01-31 BR BR9406315A patent/BR9406315A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-01-31 WO PCT/AU1994/000040 patent/WO1994017578A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103683166A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-26 | 国网河南省电力公司商丘供电公司 | Derrick lightning arrester |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR960700551A (en) | 1996-01-20 |
| WO1994017578A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
| BR9406315A (en) | 1996-01-16 |
| AU670360B2 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
| JPH08505981A (en) | 1996-06-25 |
| AU5966594A (en) | 1994-08-15 |
| EP0681753A4 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| EP0681753A1 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
| CA2154798A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |