CN111683050B - Data compression method and system based on microsatellite telemetry characteristics - Google Patents
Data compression method and system based on microsatellite telemetry characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a data compression method and a system based on the remote measurement characteristics of a small satellite.A set reference packet is stored in a remote measurement data packet cache region of a small satellite host, the obtained data field of the current remote measurement data packet is longitudinally compared with the data field of the reference packet byte by byte, if the data at the same byte position is different, 1 is written, and 0 is written, a group of binary numbers can be obtained, if the group number is all 0, the data field of the current remote measurement data packet is consistent with the data field of the reference packet, and the small satellite only modifies the packet head of the current remote measurement packet and downloads the packet head to the ground; if 7/8 of no less than total bytes in the binary number is 1, the data compression is not carried out on the current telemetering data packet, and the data packet is directly downloaded; in other cases, firstly, the binary number is rewritten into hexadecimal as the prefix of the compressed packet data domain, then the byte data in the telemetering data packet different from the reference packet are sequentially arranged, the compressed packet data domain is formed in the form of prefix and different bytes, and the compressed packet data domain is downloaded with the modified packet header packet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a data compression method and system based on the telemetry characteristics of a small satellite, aiming at the problem that a large amount of redundancy exists in the telemetry data of the small satellite, and belongs to the technical field of telemetry data processing.
Background
Information such as the on-off state, the temperature, the voltage and the like of each single machine of the small satellite during the in-orbit period belongs to telemetering data, and is downloaded to the ground station through a telemetering channel for monitoring the running state of the small satellite. With the increasing diversification and complication of the on-orbit flight tasks of the small satellites, more and more telemetering data are required to be transmitted, the requirement is difficult to meet only by the existing telemetering code rate, and the satellite host is required to compress redundant information and transmit more useful information without increasing the channel width.
In the field of general data compression, widely used compression algorithms are Huffman coding, LZ series coding, and RLE coding. Huffman coding proposes to replace the most emerging data with the shortest code, a method that is simple but slow. LZ series encoding has poor compression effect at the initial stage of compression due to the high degree of matching between dictionary entries and input data, and has no significant compression effect even when the amount of data is large due to the fixed encoding length. The RLE encoding is good only when the same character string is repeated for more than 3 times, and otherwise, the data expansion is caused.
Moreover, the biggest problem of the traditional telemetry data compression algorithm is error code diffusion, and because the algorithm represents the next packet of data by using offset and byte data according to the byte comparison of the previous packet and the next packet, once a bit error code occurs, the telemetry of the packet cannot be recovered during decoding, and the correct decoding of the subsequent telemetry packet is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the data compression method and the data compression system suitable for the microsatellite telemetry characteristic are provided according to the characteristic that most bytes between a front packet and a back packet of the microsatellite telemetry data are kept unchanged for a long time. And comparing the data fields of the current telemetering data packet and the reference packet byte by byte longitudinally, and then applying a compression algorithm to obtain the current compression packet to be downloaded. When the data of one packet generates error codes, the decoding of the packet is only affected, the recovery of the data of the next packet is not affected, and the problem of error code diffusion of the traditional compression algorithm is solved. When 7/8 bytes of data of the telemetry data packet are inconsistent with the reference packet, the original telemetry data is directly downloaded without data expansion.
The above purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a data compression method based on the telemetry characteristics of a small satellite comprises the following steps:
(1) storing a set reference packet in a telemetry data packet cache region of a small satellite housekeeping host, comparing whether the data field of the acquired current telemetry data packet is the same as the data field of the reference packet in the cache region according to bytes, writing 0 in the same way and writing 1 in different ways to obtain a group of binary numbers;
judging the set of binary numbers, and if the set of binary numbers are all 0, entering the step (2); if the preset proportion of less than the total bytes is 1 and not all 0, entering the step (3); if the preset proportion of not less than the total bytes is 1, entering the step (4);
(2) the highest bit of the packet header of the current telemetering data packet is changed into 1 and the packet length is changed into 0 according to the compressed packet format, and only the packet header is downloaded to the ground station;
(3) rewriting the binary number into hexadecimal, wherein 2-bit hexadecimal number is 1 byte, and 0 is added backwards to insufficient bits to form a prefix of a compressed packet data domain; then arranging the data with different bytes in the data domain of the telemetering data packet and the data domain of the reference packet in sequence, and forming the data domain of the compressed packet in a mode of prefix plus different bytes; modifying the packet head part according to a compressed packet format, and downloading the packet to the ground together with the data field packet;
(4) the current telemetering data packet is not compressed, and the original data is downloaded completely.
Furthermore, the telemetry frame downloaded by the small satellite comprises a compressed packet and an original telemetry data packet, the packet type field of the packet header, namely the highest bit of the packet header, is identified, the compressed packet type is set to be 1, and the uncompressed packet type is set to be 0.
Further, the reference packet of the buffer area can be modified and updated on track.
Further, the preset ratio is 7/8.
Further, the format of the telemetry data packet of the small satellite housekeeping host is specifically as follows: the telemetering data packet consists of a packet header and a data domain, wherein the packet header is fixed into 6 bytes and comprises three parts of packet identification, packet sequence control and packet length;
packet identification is divided into four parts:
a. version number: occupying 3 bits, indicating the version number of the packet telemetry protocol;
b. packet type: 1 bit is occupied for distinguishing the type of the data;
c. auxiliary guide head mark: 1 bit is occupied for indicating whether a secondary guide head exists in the telemetering packet or not;
d. application process identification: 11 bits are occupied, the highest bit is '0' to represent a real-time telemetering data packet, the highest bit is '1' to represent a delay telemetering data packet, and all '1' represent null data packets; the lower 10 bits are used to identify the type of telemetry packet;
packet sequence control is divided into two parts:
a. and (4) segmentation marking: occupy 2 bits to indicate whether the telemetry packet is fragmented;
b. counting the sequence of the packets: occupying 14 bits, adding 1 to the sequence count of the source packet when one data packet is generated in the application process, and returning to zero after the value is full;
the packet length occupies 16 bits, which means the length of a source packet without a main header and is equal to the number of bytes in a data field minus 1;
the data field contains data generated by the application process, and the data has a length of an integer byte and a variable length corresponding to the packet length.
Further, the format of the compressed packet after data compression is specifically: the compressed packet consists of a packet header and a data field, the packet header includes a packet type writing 1 representing the compressed packet, the packet length is modified according to the effective length of the data field of the compressed packet, and the rest of the packet length is consistent with the format of the telemetering data packet of the satellite housekeeping host; the data field is composed of a prefix and different byte data after data compression.
Further, the present invention also provides a data compression system, including:
a data packet byte comparison module: storing a set reference packet in a telemetry data packet cache region of a small satellite housekeeping host, comparing whether the data field of the acquired current telemetry data packet is the same as the data field of the reference packet in the cache region according to bytes, writing 0 in the same way and writing 1 in different ways to obtain a group of binary numbers;
a binary system judging module: the set of binary numbers is discriminated,
if the binary numbers of the group are all 0, the highest bit of the packet head of the current telemetering data packet is changed into 1 and the packet length is changed into 0 according to the compressed packet format, and only the packet head is downloaded to the ground station;
if less than the total byte 7/8 is 1 and not totally 0, then the binary number is rewritten to hexadecimal, 2-bit hexadecimal number is 1 byte, and the insufficient bits are added with 0 backwards to form the prefix of the compressed packet data domain; then arranging the data with different bytes in the data domain of the telemetering data packet and the data domain of the reference packet in sequence, and forming the data domain of the compressed packet in a mode of prefix plus different bytes; modifying the packet head part according to a compressed packet format, and downloading the packet to the ground together with the data field packet;
if the total bytes 7/8 is not less than 1, the current telemetry packet is not data compressed and the original data is downloaded in its entirety.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the data compression algorithm based on the remote measurement characteristics of the small satellite combines the characteristic that most bytes between the front and rear packets of the remote measurement data of the small satellite are basically unchanged, a reference packet is set, a longitudinal comparison method taking bytes as a unit is adopted, the compression efficiency of the remote measurement data packet is higher when the number of bytes is the same as that of the reference packet, and the data expansion is not caused when the number of bytes is completely inconsistent with that of the reference packet, so that the data compression algorithm has higher application value;
(2) the data compression algorithm based on the microsatellite telemetry characteristic compares the current telemetry data packet with the reference packet, and only influences the decoding of the current packet when the current packet is in error code, so that the next packet of data cannot be recovered.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an example of a moonlet telemetry data compression method proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an example of the present invention applied after error detection of data information in a telemetry data packet;
FIG. 3 is an example of the present invention applied after error detection of location information in a telemetry data packet;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
the small satellite telemetry data packet format of the present invention is shown below.
The telemetering data packet consists of a packet header and a data field, wherein the packet header is fixed into 6 bytes and comprises three parts of packet identification, packet sequence control and packet length.
Packet identification is divided into four parts:
a. version number: occupying 3 bits indicates the version number of the packet telemetry protocol, typically 000.
b. Packet type: occupying 1 bit to distinguish the type of the data, telemetry packet write 0.
c. Auxiliary guide head mark: and 1 bit is occupied for indicating whether a secondary guide head exists in the telemetry packet or not and filling 1.
d. Application process identification: and 11 bits are occupied, the highest bit is 0 to represent a real-time telemetering data packet, the highest bit is 1 to represent a delay telemetering data packet, and all 1 to represent a null data packet. The lower 10 bits are used to identify the type of telemetry data packet, such as 27H for the distributor lower computer telemetry packet.
Packet sequence control is divided into two parts:
a. and (4) segmentation marking: and 2 bits are occupied for indicating whether the telemetry packet is segmented or not, and if all data packets of a certain small satellite are not segmented, filling 11.
b. Counting the sequence of the packets: and the sequence count of the source packet is increased by 1 every time a data packet is generated in the application process by using 14 bits, and the continuity and the integrity of the data packet can be checked according to the value. The count is zeroed when full.
The packet length occupies 16 bits, which means the source packet length without the header, equal to the number of bytes in the data field minus 1.
The data field contains data generated by the application process, which is an integer number of bytes in length. The length is variable, corresponding to the packet length.
Because the header of the telemetry data packet is used to identify the location of the telemetry packet in the telemetry frame, the telemetry data compression algorithm of the present invention is only performed in the data field, and the header portion is adapted to the packet type and packet length as required by the format.
After the small satellite runs in orbit for a period of time, due to changes of space environment or task changes, the long-term unchanged bytes in the telemetry data packet may become other numerical values, and if the reference packet is not modified, the compression rate is reduced. The method of the present invention can effectively solve such problems.
As shown in fig. 4, the data compression method based on the telemetry characteristics of the small satellite according to the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) storing a set reference packet in a telemetry data packet cache region of a small satellite housekeeping host, comparing whether the data field of the acquired current telemetry data packet is the same as the data field of the reference packet in the cache region according to bytes, writing 0 in the same way and writing 1 in different ways to obtain a group of binary numbers;
judging the set of binary numbers, and if the set of binary numbers are all 0, entering the step (2); if the preset proportion of less than the total bytes is 1 and not all 0, entering the step (3); if the preset proportion of not less than the total bytes is 1, entering the step (4); the preset proportion is 7/8, and when the 7/8 byte data of the telemetering data packet is inconsistent with the reference packet, the original telemetering data is directly downloaded, so that data expansion is avoided.
(2) The highest bit of the packet header of the current telemetering data packet is changed into 1 and the packet length is changed into 0 according to the compressed packet format, and only the packet header is downloaded to the ground station;
(3) rewriting the binary number into hexadecimal, wherein 2-bit hexadecimal number is 1 byte, and 0 is added backwards to insufficient bits to form a prefix of a compressed packet data domain; then arranging the data with different bytes in the data domain of the telemetering data packet and the data domain of the reference packet in sequence, and forming the data domain of the compressed packet in a mode of prefix plus different bytes; modifying the packet head part according to a compressed packet format, and downloading the packet to the ground together with the data field packet;
(4) the current telemetering data packet is not compressed, and the original data is downloaded completely.
The telemetry frame downloaded by the small satellite comprises both the compressed packet and the original telemetry data packet. Therefore, the packet type field in the header, i.e., the most significant bit in the header, is identified, the compressed packet type is set to 1, and the uncompressed packet type is set to 0. The reference packets of the buffer can be modified and updated on track.
The more bytes of the current telemetry data packet are consistent with the reference packet, the larger the compression ratio is, and when the data are all consistent, the full compression of the data can be realized, and except the limit condition, the compression ratio is 7/8 at most. Because each packet of telemetering data is compared with the reference packet and then a compression algorithm is applied, the error code of the current packet cannot influence the compression result of the next packet. If one bit error exists in the current telemetry data packet, the error diffusion can not be caused in the decoding process.
Further, the present invention also provides a data compression system, including:
a data packet byte comparison module: storing a set reference packet in a telemetry data packet cache region of a small satellite housekeeping host, comparing whether the data field of the acquired current telemetry data packet is the same as the data field of the reference packet in the cache region according to bytes, writing 0 in the same way and writing 1 in different ways to obtain a group of binary numbers;
a binary system judging module: the set of binary numbers is discriminated,
if the binary numbers of the group are all 0, the highest bit of the packet head of the current telemetering data packet is changed into 1 and the packet length is changed into 0 according to the compressed packet format, and only the packet head is downloaded to the ground station;
if less than the total byte 7/8 is 1 and not totally 0, then the binary number is rewritten to hexadecimal, 2-bit hexadecimal number is 1 byte, and the insufficient bits are added with 0 backwards to form the prefix of the compressed packet data domain; then arranging the data with different bytes in the data domain of the telemetering data packet and the data domain of the reference packet in sequence, and forming the data domain of the compressed packet in a mode of prefix plus different bytes; modifying the packet head part according to a compressed packet format, and downloading the packet to the ground together with the data field packet;
if the total bytes 7/8 is not less than 1, the current telemetry packet is not data compressed and the original data is downloaded in its entirety.
The format of the compressed packet after being processed by the telemetry data compression method of the present invention is shown in the following table.
The compressed packet is also composed of a packet header and a data field, except that the packet type writing 1 in the packet header represents the compressed packet, the packet length is modified according to the effective length of the data field of the compressed packet, and the rest is consistent with the original telemetry packet format. The data field is composed of a prefix and different bytes of data after the telemetry data compression algorithm is applied. The invention places reference packet in the buffer area of the satellite host, compares the current telemetering data packet with the reference packet byte by byte, uses prefix to represent the consistency with the reference packet, and reserves the different bytes, thereby achieving the purpose of data compression. The reference package is placed in the SRAM of the host machine, the reliability of the reference package is guaranteed by the EDAC, the reference package can be modified and changed on track according to the change of task requirements, and the compression rate is guaranteed not to be reduced after the host machine flies for a period of time.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, which is an example of a data compression method based on the telemetry characteristics of a small satellite according to the present invention, after the small satellite obtains a current telemetry data packet, the current telemetry data packet is compared with a reference packet of a buffer area, 0 and 1 are used to represent the consistency of each byte and are rewritten to hexadecimal as a prefix, different bytes are extracted, and the different bytes are arranged in a manner of "prefix + different bytes" to serve as a data field of a compressed packet. After the packet header is adaptively modified, the packet is downloaded to the ground station, as shown in the download telemetry data in fig. 1, the packet length of the telemetry data packet is set to 0x0006, and the packet type is set to 1.
In fig. 1, the current telemetry data is compared to the reference data packet of the buffer with different bytes of data: "D1", "E1", "CC", "41" and "E2", which result in a binary number of "1100010010001000", and therefore a prefix of "C488", and the downloaded telemetry data is arranged in a "prefix + different bytes" manner: "C488D 1E1CC41E 2". The location of the different bytes of data in the current telemetry packet may be indicated by the location of a "1" in the binary form of the prefix.
Example 2
Assume that in example 1, the data information of one byte of the telemetry data packet is in error during transmission by the minisatellite.
As shown in fig. 2, the error code "E2" in the current telemetry packet is "E3", which is still inconsistent with the data "E1" in the location of the buffer reference packet, and only affects the byte data in the compressed packet, while the header and the prefix portion of the data field are not changed. Thus, a one-byte "E2" error results in a one-byte error in the data field of the downloaded compressed packet.
Example 3
Assuming that the position information error code exists in the telemetry data packet in the transmission process of the minisatellite in the embodiment 1, the positions of "CC" and "41" shown in fig. 3 are exchanged, the original two data are different from the reference packet, and the error code is also different from the reference packet, so the prefix of the compressed packet data domain is not changed, and the different byte data are exchanged only at the two positions, and have no influence on other positions. This error code causes a two byte change in the compressed packet data field.
The above description is only for the best mode of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (8)
1. A data compression method based on the telemetry characteristics of a small satellite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) storing a set reference packet in a telemetry data packet cache region of a small satellite housekeeping host, comparing whether the data field of the acquired current telemetry data packet is the same as the data field of the reference packet in the cache region according to bytes, writing 0 in the same way and writing 1 in different ways to obtain a group of binary numbers; the reference packet of the cache region can be modified and updated on track;
judging the set of binary numbers, and if the set of binary numbers are all 0, entering the step (2); if less than the total bytes 7/8 is 1 and not all 0, then go to step (3); if the total byte 7/8 is not less than 1, then go to step (4);
(2) the highest bit of the packet header of the current telemetering data packet is changed into 1 and the packet length is changed into 0 according to the compressed packet format, and only the packet header is downloaded to the ground station;
(3) rewriting the binary number into hexadecimal, wherein 2-bit hexadecimal number is 1 byte, and 0 is added backwards to insufficient bits to form a prefix of a compressed packet data domain; then arranging the data with different bytes in the data domain of the telemetering data packet and the data domain of the reference packet in sequence, and forming the data domain of the compressed packet in a mode of prefix plus different bytes; modifying the packet head part according to a compressed packet format, and downloading the packet to the ground together with the data field packet;
(4) the current telemetering data packet is not compressed, and the original data is downloaded completely.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the data compression method is based on the telemetry characteristics of the small satellites and comprises the following steps: the telemetry frame downloaded by the small satellite comprises a compressed packet and an original telemetry data packet, the packet type field of the packet header, namely the highest bit of the packet header, is identified, the compressed packet type is set to be 1, and the uncompressed packet type is set to be 0.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the data compression method is based on the telemetry characteristics of the small satellites and comprises the following steps: the format of the telemetering data packet of the minisatellite housekeeping host is specifically as follows: the telemetering data packet consists of a packet header and a data domain, wherein the packet header is fixed into 6 bytes and comprises three parts of packet identification, packet sequence control and packet length;
packet identification is divided into four parts:
a. version number: occupying 3 bits, indicating the version number of the packet telemetry protocol;
b. packet type: occupying 1 bit for distinguishing the type of the data packet;
c. auxiliary guide head mark: 1 bit is occupied for indicating whether a secondary guide head exists in the telemetering packet or not;
d. application process identification: 11 bits are occupied, the highest bit is '0' to represent a real-time telemetering data packet, the highest bit is '1' to represent a delay telemetering data packet, and all '1' represent null data packets; the lower 10 bits are used to identify the type of telemetry packet;
packet sequence control is divided into two parts:
a. and (4) segmentation marking: occupy 2 bits to indicate whether the telemetry packet is fragmented;
b. counting the sequence of the packets: occupying 14 bits, adding 1 to the sequence count of the source packet when one data packet is generated in the application process, and returning to zero after the value is full;
the packet length occupies 16 bits, which means the length of a source packet without a main header and is equal to the number of bytes in a data field minus 1;
the data field contains data generated by the application process, and the data has a length of an integer byte and a variable length corresponding to the packet length.
4. A method of data compression based on microsatellite telemetry characteristics as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the format of the compressed packet after data compression is specifically as follows: the compressed packet consists of a packet header and a data field, the packet header includes a packet type writing 1 representing the compressed packet, the packet length is modified according to the effective length of the data field of the compressed packet, and the rest of the packet length is consistent with the format of the telemetering data packet of the satellite housekeeping host; the data field is composed of a prefix and different byte data after data compression.
5. A data compression system implemented by the data compression method based on the microsatellite telemetry characteristic as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
a data packet byte comparison module: storing a set reference packet in a telemetry data packet cache region of a small satellite housekeeping host, comparing whether the data field of the acquired current telemetry data packet is the same as the data field of the reference packet in the cache region according to bytes, writing 0 in the same way and writing 1 in different ways to obtain a group of binary numbers; the reference packet of the cache region can be modified and updated on track;
a binary system judging module: the set of binary numbers is discriminated,
if the binary numbers of the group are all 0, the highest bit of the packet head of the current telemetering data packet is changed into 1 and the packet length is changed into 0 according to the compressed packet format, and only the packet head is downloaded to the ground station;
if less than the total byte 7/8 is 1 and not totally 0, then the binary number is rewritten to hexadecimal, 2-bit hexadecimal number is 1 byte, and the insufficient bits are added with 0 backwards to form the prefix of the compressed packet data domain; then arranging the data with different bytes in the data domain of the telemetering data packet and the data domain of the reference packet in sequence, and forming the data domain of the compressed packet in a mode of prefix plus different bytes; modifying the packet head part according to a compressed packet format, and downloading the packet to the ground together with the data field packet;
if the total bytes 7/8 is not less than 1, the current telemetry packet is not data compressed and the original data is downloaded in its entirety.
6. The data compression system of claim 5, wherein: the telemetry frame downloaded by the small satellite comprises a compressed packet and an original telemetry data packet, the packet type field of the packet header, namely the highest bit of the packet header, is identified, the compressed packet type is set to be 1, and the uncompressed packet type is set to be 0.
7. The data compression system of claim 5, wherein: the format of the telemetering data packet of the minisatellite housekeeping host is specifically as follows: the telemetering data packet consists of a packet header and a data domain, wherein the packet header is fixed into 6 bytes and comprises three parts of packet identification, packet sequence control and packet length;
packet identification is divided into four parts:
a. version number: occupying 3 bits, indicating the version number of the packet telemetry protocol;
b. packet type: occupying 1 bit for distinguishing the type of the data packet;
c. auxiliary guide head mark: 1 bit is occupied for indicating whether a secondary guide head exists in the telemetering packet or not;
d. application process identification: 11 bits are occupied, the highest bit is '0' to represent a real-time telemetering data packet, the highest bit is '1' to represent a delay telemetering data packet, and all '1' represent null data packets; the lower 10 bits are used to identify the type of telemetry packet;
packet sequence control is divided into two parts:
a. and (4) segmentation marking: occupy 2 bits to indicate whether the telemetry packet is fragmented;
b. counting the sequence of the packets: occupying 14 bits, adding 1 to the sequence count of the source packet when one data packet is generated in the application process, and returning to zero after the value is full;
the packet length occupies 16 bits, which means the length of a source packet without a main header and is equal to the number of bytes in a data field minus 1;
the data field contains data generated by the application process, and the data has a length of an integer byte and a variable length corresponding to the packet length.
8. The data compression system of claim 7, wherein: the format of the compressed packet after data compression is specifically as follows: the compressed packet consists of a packet header and a data field, the packet header includes a packet type writing 1 representing the compressed packet, the packet length is modified according to the effective length of the data field of the compressed packet, and the rest of the packet length is consistent with the format of the telemetering data packet of the satellite housekeeping host; the data field is composed of a prefix and different byte data after data compression.
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