CN111682651A - 一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构 - Google Patents

一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构 Download PDF

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CN111682651A
CN111682651A CN202010448158.0A CN202010448158A CN111682651A CN 111682651 A CN111682651 A CN 111682651A CN 202010448158 A CN202010448158 A CN 202010448158A CN 111682651 A CN111682651 A CN 111682651A
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coupling mechanism
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CN111682651B (zh
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张剑韬
刘滢
王志远
董帅
宋凯
朱春波
张文吉
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构。所述电网与功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC相连接，所述功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC与高频逆变器相连接，所述高频逆变器与补偿拓扑Ⅰ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅰ与耦合机构相连接，所述耦合机构与补偿拓扑Ⅱ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅱ与高频整流器相连接，所述高频整流器与电池相连接。本发明用以提高接收线圈偏移能力。

Description

一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构
技术领域
本发明属于电动汽车无线充电领域，具体为一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构。
背景技术
随着石油储备量的下降，传统的燃油汽车逐步被新能源电动汽车所取代，然而，传统的有线供电方式具有线间接触不良，导线短路、供电不便等等缺点，而使用无线供电方式能很好地解决这些问题，其可以在没有物理连接的情况下实现电能从输电线路到负载端的传输,具有安全性高，灵活性强的优点。
将无线供电方式应用在电动汽车上，可以保证电动汽车在行驶的过程中实时充电，有效提升电动汽车的续航里程，减少车载电池数量和重量，同时无线供电轨道可以将全部供电设施安放在地面以下，从而避免外部自然环境对供电性能的影响，降低了维护成本。
目前，已有人提出了多种用于电动汽车动态无线供电的供电轨道结构，例如目前比较常用的E型、U型、I型、T型和n型结构等供电轨道，其中E型、U型供电轨道存在磁芯用量大、成本高、电磁辐射大的问题，I型供电导轨存在磁芯成本高、供电稳定性不好等缺点，T型磁极传输性能低，磁芯的使用面积大，n型磁极用量大，磁芯成本高，且需要电动汽车行驶过程中需要完全按照既定铺设轨道行驶，当发生径向偏移时系统功率和效率下降会非常明显。
发明内容
本发明提供一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，用以提高接收线圈偏移能力。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，所述无线充电结构包括电网、功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC、高频逆变器、补偿拓扑Ⅰ、耦合机构、补偿拓扑Ⅱ、高频整流器和电池，所述电网与功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC相连接，所述功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC与高频逆变器相连接，所述高频逆变器与补偿拓扑Ⅰ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅰ与耦合机构相连接，所述耦合机构与补偿拓扑Ⅱ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅱ与高频整流器相连接，所述高频整流器与电池相连接。
进一步的，所述耦合机构为双排导轨式耦合机构，所述耦合机构包括双并排π型导轨和线圈，一个所述π型导轨上间隔设置顺时针缠绕线圈与逆时针缠绕线圈，另一个所述π型导轨上间隔设置逆时针缠绕线圈与顺时针缠绕线圈。
进一步的，所述顺时针缠绕线圈向逆时针缠绕线圈发送能量。
进一步的，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1--1.7倍。
进一步的，所述耦合机构为线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2同名端相反并接在一起，所述线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2为交错双排平面式线圈，所述线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2交叠部分的距离为D＝d1或D＞d2。
进一步的，所述距离d1为线圈总宽度的2/3，所述距离d2为线圈总宽度的1.7倍。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明相比较于传统的单轨道的偏移能力，提高接收线圈偏移能力为总宽度的130％以上。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例1的动态充电电路补偿拓扑结构示意图。
图2本发明实施例1的耦合机构能量转移示意图。
图3本发明实施例1的耦合机构结构示意图。
图4本发明的双D四线圈接收端耦合机构示意图。
图5本发明实施例1的间距与相互间耦合系数关系图。
图6本发明实施例2的动态充电电路补偿拓扑结构示意图。
图7本发明实施例2的耦合机构结构示意图。
图8本发明实施例2的交错双排线圈距离与相互间耦合系数关系。
图9本发明实施例2的交错双排线圈工作状态下瞬时磁场分布图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，所述无线充电结构包括电网、功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC、高频逆变器、补偿拓扑Ⅰ、耦合机构、补偿拓扑Ⅱ、高频整流器和电池，所述电网与功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC相连接，所述功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC与高频逆变器相连接，所述高频逆变器与补偿拓扑Ⅰ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅰ与耦合机构相连接，所述耦合机构与补偿拓扑Ⅱ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅱ与高频整流器相连接，所述高频整流器与电池相连接。
进一步的，所述耦合机构为双排导轨式耦合机构，所述耦合机构包括双并排π型导轨和线圈，一个所述π型导轨上间隔设置顺时针缠绕线圈与逆时针缠绕线圈，另一个所述π型导轨上间隔设置逆时针缠绕线圈与顺时针缠绕线圈。
进一步的，所述顺时针缠绕线圈向逆时针缠绕线圈发送能量。
进一步的，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1--1.7倍。
进一步的，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1.2倍。
进一步的，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1.3倍。
进一步的，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1.4倍。
进一步的，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1.44倍。
进一步的，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1.5倍。
进一步的，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1.6倍。
通过双并排自解耦耦合机构，在接收线圈与发射线圈非同轴度加大时，仍能保证接收线圈能量传输能量的稳定性。相比较于传统的单导轨的偏移能力，可以提高至130％的导轨宽度尺寸，极大的提高了系统不同接收线圈尺寸的适用性。
实施例2
一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，所述无线充电结构包括电网、功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC、高频逆变器、补偿拓扑Ⅰ、耦合机构、补偿拓扑Ⅱ、高频整流器和电池，所述电网与功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC相连接，所述功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC与高频逆变器相连接，所述高频逆变器与补偿拓扑Ⅰ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅰ与耦合机构相连接，所述耦合机构与补偿拓扑Ⅱ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅱ与高频整流器相连接，所述高频整流器与电池相连接。
进一步的，所述耦合机构为线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2同名端相反并接在一起，所述线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2为交错双排平面式线圈，所述线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2交叠部分的距离为D＝d1或D＞d2。
进一步的，所述距离d1为线圈总宽度的2/3，所述距离d2为线圈总宽度的1.7倍。
在电动汽车动态充电轨道设计方面，应用交错双排平面式线圈可根据轨道长短进行组合，相比较于传统的单轨道双极型传输轨道，提高接收线圈侧移能力为总宽度的130％以上。

Claims (6)

1.一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，其特征在于，所述无线充电结构包括电网、功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC、高频逆变器、补偿拓扑Ⅰ、耦合机构、补偿拓扑Ⅱ、高频整流器和电池，所述电网与功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC相连接，所述功率因数校正PFC/主动式功率因素校正APFC与高频逆变器相连接，所述高频逆变器与补偿拓扑Ⅰ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅰ与耦合机构相连接，所述耦合机构与补偿拓扑Ⅱ相连接，所述补偿拓扑Ⅱ与高频整流器相连接，所述高频整流器与电池相连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，其特征在于，所述耦合机构为双排导轨式耦合机构，所述耦合机构包括双并排π型导轨和线圈，一个所述π型导轨上间隔设置顺时针缠绕线圈与逆时针缠绕线圈，另一个所述π型导轨上间隔设置逆时针缠绕线圈与顺时针缠绕线圈。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，其特征在于，所述顺时针缠绕线圈向逆时针缠绕线圈发送能量。
4.根据权利要求2所述一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，其特征在于，所述两个π型导轨之间的距离为D，所述距离D为线圈总宽度的1--1.7倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，其特征在于，所述耦合机构为线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2同名端相反并接在一起，所述线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2为交错双排平面式线圈，所述线圈Lp1与线圈Lp2交叠部分的距离为D＝d1或D＞d2。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种偏移增强型动态无线充电结构，其特征在于，所述距离d1为线圈总宽度的2/3，所述距离d2为线圈总宽度的1.7倍。
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