CN111682221A

CN111682221A - Manufacturing method of injection molding grid, grid for lead-acid storage battery and manufacturing method of grid

Info

Publication number: CN111682221A
Application number: CN202010541973.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆毅思
Original assignee: 陆毅思
Current assignee: Yidewei Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-06-15
Filing date: 2020-06-15
Publication date: 2020-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-15
Also published as: CN111682221B

Abstract

The invention provides a manufacturing method of an injection molding grid, a grid for a lead-acid storage battery and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the manufacturing method of the injection molding grid comprises the following steps: conveying the N lead wires along the length direction of the N lead wires; injecting a plastic structure on the current N lead wire sections by using an injection mold to form a current grid semi-finished product; the plastic structure comprises at least one group of plastic frames and M plastic transverse ribs, N lead wire sections and M plastic transverse ribs are crossed to form a plurality of grids in the semi-finished product of the grid, and each group of plastic frames surrounds a corresponding grid area; repeating the processes to obtain corresponding grid semi-finished products, and cutting off the N lead wires aiming at each grid semi-finished product sent out of the injection mold to obtain corresponding independent grid semi-finished products; and welding lugs on the semi-finished grid to obtain the corresponding injection molding grid.

Description

Manufacturing method of injection molding grid, grid for lead-acid storage battery and manufacturing method of grid

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of storage batteries, in particular to a manufacturing method of an injection molding grid, a grid for a lead-acid storage battery and a manufacturing method of the grid.

Background

The grid is understood to be the main component of the lead-acid storage battery, is the current collecting framework of the electrode, plays a role in conducting and collecting current and enabling the current to be uniformly distributed, plays a role in supporting active substances, is a carrier of the active substances, and can be a composite grid which is synthesized by lead alloy and plastic in order to enhance the strength of the grid and reduce the weight.

In the prior art, in the process of manufacturing a grid, a structure obtained after injection molding and having an ear piece can be understood as an injection molding grid, and in the process of forming the injection molding grid, a metal part is firstly processed to serve as a conductive current collector (for example, a lead part is formed in a pouring forming manner), and then the metal part and plastic are compounded into a whole, so that the processing efficiency in the process is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a manufacturing method of an injection molding grid, a grid for a lead-acid storage battery and a manufacturing method of the grid, and aims to solve the problem of low grid processing efficiency.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing an injection-molded grid is provided, which comprises the following steps:

conveying the N lead wires along the length direction of the N lead wires so that: sending the current N lead wire sections in the N lead wires into an injection mold, and sending the formed semi-finished product of the previous grid in the injection mold out of the injection mold; wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the N lead wires are parallel to each other;

injecting a plastic structure on the current N lead wire sections by using the injection mold to form a current grid semi-finished product; the plastic structure comprises at least one group of plastic frames and M plastic transverse ribs, N lead wire sections and M plastic transverse ribs are crossed to form a plurality of grids in the semi-finished product of the grid, and each group of plastic frames surrounds a corresponding grid area; wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

repeating the processes to obtain corresponding grid semi-finished products, and cutting off the N lead wires aiming at each grid semi-finished product sent out of the injection mold to obtain corresponding independent grid semi-finished products;

and welding lugs on the semi-finished grid to obtain the corresponding injection molding grid.

Optionally, in the semi-finished product of the grid, at least one end of the lead wire segment is exposed outside the corresponding plastic frame, so that a lead wire exposed part is formed outside the plastic frame;

welding lugs on the semi-finished grid to obtain a corresponding injection molding grid, wherein the injection molding grid comprises the following steps:

and welding the lug piece to the lead wire exposed part of the semi-finished plate grid.

Optionally, welding the lug to the lead wire exposed portion of the semi-finished grid product includes:

placing the semi-finished product of the grid into a cast-weld mold, wherein the lead wire exposed part is positioned in a mold cavity of the cast-weld mold;

closing the cast-weld mold;

injecting welding alloy into a die cavity of the cast-weld die after die assembly;

and opening the cast-weld mold after the material in the cast-weld mold is cooled and solidified to obtain the injection molding grid.

Optionally, the N lead wires are conveyed along the length direction of the N lead wires, and the conveying method includes:

and paying off the N lead wires along the length direction of the N lead wires by using a paying-off tensioning device, and pulling the N lead wires along the length direction of the N lead wires by using a pulling device.

Optionally, the lead wire includes a core of glass fiber and a lead layer outside the core;

before carrying N plumbous line along N plumbous line's length direction, still include:

heating pure lead, extruding in a solid state, and coating the pure lead on the outer layer of the glass fiber to form the coaxial lead wire with the core wire being the glass fiber.

Optionally, the injection mold is used to inject a plastic structure onto the current N lead wire segments to form a current grid semi-finished product, including:

closing the injection mold;

injecting plastic into a cavity of the injection mold after mold closing;

and opening the injection mold after the material in the cavity of the injection mold is cooled to form the current semi-finished grid product.

Optionally, the injection mold is configured to: after the injection mold is closed, the injected plastic only wraps the part of the lead wire, which is intersected with the plastic transverse rib, and the part of the lead wire, which is intersected with the plastic frame.

Optionally, the injection-molded grid is a continuous grid, the number of the plastic frame and the grid area is at least two; at least two groups of plastic frames are distributed in an array mode along the length direction of the plastic transverse ribs and/or the length direction of the lead line segments, and the two adjacent groups of plastic frames are connected with each other.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a grid for a lead-acid storage battery is provided, which comprises the following steps:

manufacturing an injection molding grid by using the manufacturing method of the injection molding grid related to the first aspect and the optional scheme thereof;

and manufacturing and forming the grid for the lead-acid storage battery by using the injection molding grid.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a grid for a lead-acid storage battery, which is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a grid for a lead-acid storage battery according to the second aspect and the optional aspects thereof.

In the manufacturing method of the injection molding grid, the grid for the lead-acid storage battery and the manufacturing method thereof, the longitudinal ribs of the grid are made of lead wires, and the transverse ribs, the frame and the like are made of plastic materials, so that the grid can be paid off along the length direction of the lead wires, a semi-finished grid structure is formed after paying off and injection molding, metal parts (such as lead parts) corresponding to the injection molding grid do not need to be formed by independently processing (such as pouring) in advance, the processing efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the subsequent semi-finished grids can be formed by repeating the process, and therefore, the manufacturing method can realize continuous injection molding processing of the semi-finished grid, and is high in processing efficiency and better in consistency.

In addition, the injection molding die is adopted for injection molding processing, so that the consistency of the weight and the volume of the formed injection molding grid is better, the consistency of the filled active matters is more uniform, and the consistency of the battery is better.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing an injection molded grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a semi-finished grid in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an injection molded grid in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating step S11 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating step S15 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a grid for a lead-acid battery according to an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with specific examples. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing an injection molded grid according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a semi-finished grid in one embodiment of the invention; fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection molded grid according to an embodiment of the invention.

The grid related to the embodiment of the invention is specifically a grid of a lead-acid storage battery. The injection-molded grids processed correspondingly may be continuous grids shown in fig. 2 and 3, or may not be continuous grids.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the semi-finished product and the injection-molded grid, N lead wire segments 22 and M plastic transverse ribs 23 intersect to form a plurality of grids, and each group of plastic frames 21 surrounds a corresponding grid region. The single-unit plastic frame 21 may be a rectangular plastic frame with four plastic edges, and other shapes of plastic frames are not excluded.

In the example shown in fig. 2 and 3, the injection-molded grid is a continuous grid, the number of the plastic frames 21 and the grid areas is at least two, for example, four as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the example shown in fig. 2 and 3, each plastic frame 21 is arranged in an array of two rows and two columns, and in other examples, the plastic frames may be arranged in only one direction. It can be seen that: at least two sets of plastic frames 21 are distributed in an array along the length direction of the plastic transverse ribs 23 and/or the length direction of the lead wire segments 21, and two adjacent sets of plastic frames 21 are connected with each other, wherein the connection may be direct connection or indirect connection through other plastic materials.

In this case, the plastic frame 21 and the plastic structure and lead wire segments therein may form one grid unit in a continuous grid, and it can be seen that each grid unit may be distributed in an array along the length direction of the transverse ribs 23 and/or the length direction of the lead wire segments 21.

In other examples not shown, the number of grid units may be one, and in this case, only one set of plastic frames is used.

In the example shown in fig. 2, in the semi-finished grid, both ends of the lead wire segment 22 are exposed outside the corresponding plastic frame, so as to form lead wire exposed portions 221 outside the plastic frame 21, that is, each grid unit may have 2N lead wire exposed portions 221.

In an example not shown, if each grid unit is distributed along the longitudinal direction of the transverse rib 23: the lead line segment 22 may be configured such that only one end is exposed outside the corresponding plastic frame, and thus, only one end forms a lead line exposed portion.

In a further example, a plastic connecting portion 24 is further disposed on an inner side of a plastic edge of the plastic frame 21 matching with the lead wire exposing portion 221, two ends of the plastic connecting portion 24 are respectively connected to the corresponding plastic edge and the transverse rib 23 adjacent to the plastic edge, and the plastic connecting portion 24 may be perpendicular to the plastic edge, and the plastic connecting portion is located between two adjacent lead wire segments.

Referring to fig. 3, in the injection molded grid, the tab 25 may be connected to each lead wire segment through a connecting structure 26, and the connecting structure 26 may be formed by the processes of step S151 to step S152, which are described later, and may form an integral structure with the tab 25 and the lead wire.

In the finally formed battery, the above-mentioned tabs, longitudinal ribs, transverse ribs and frame may satisfy the following functional description, and the following functional description may be arbitrarily implemented, and the tabs, longitudinal ribs, transverse ribs and frame described in relation to the embodiments of the present invention do not depart from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

The lug plate can also be understood as a lug, and has the functions of: the current generated by the polar plate can be collected to the polar lug and conducted to an external circuit, or the current of the external circuit is dispersed to all positions of the polar plate through the polar lug.

Wherein the longitudinal bar has the following functions: the current generated by the active matter is mainly collected to the pole ear by the longitudinal rib or the current of the external circuit is dispersed to the pole plate by the pole ear through the longitudinal rib

Wherein horizontal muscle, its effect does: the active material is vertical to the longitudinal ribs, supports the active material together with the longitudinal ribs and can also bear a small part of current;

wherein the frame, its effect does: as a boundary for the grid fill active, the expansion of the active can be limited.

Compared with the injection molding grid which is taken as an example in fig. 2 and fig. 3, in the prior art, the current in the polar plate flows out and is collected to the pole lug through the longitudinal ribs of the grid, the current flowing in is dispersed to all positions of the polar plate at the pole lug through the longitudinal ribs, and the function of conducting the current by the transverse ribs is very limited, so that the transverse ribs and the frame are replaceable by engineering plastics, and further, the advantage that the expansion of the active substances is limited by the cast grid can be kept even if the transverse ribs and the frame made of plastics are adopted; aiming at the longitudinal bar, if the alloy is still adopted for casting and forming, the pair of contradiction between creep resistance and corrosion resistance can not be solved, so the longitudinal bar material can further have the following characteristics: high creep strength and high corrosion resistance.

For this kind of lead wire, in one example, a high-strength glass fiber composite lead wire may be used, wherein the core wire may be a high-strength glass fiber, and after the pure lead is heated, the core wire is coated on the outer layer by a solid state extrusion technique, and this kind of composite lead wire has the following characteristics: high creep resistance due to high tensile strength; the pure lead or the lead rare earth alloy has high corrosion resistance; the lead solid processing avoids the smoke pollution generated by casting; the continuity of the lead wire itself is also made possible by the continuous injection molding of the grid in the subsequent process.

For the core wire therein, glass fibers may be used, in particular:

the positive core wire material may be, for example, at least one of:

high-strength glass fibers, carbon fibers, high-strength high-temperature plastics, titanium alloys, and the like; alloy materials: pure lead, lead-tin alloys, lead-rare earth alloys;

the negative pole core wire material may be, for example, at least one of: high-strength glass fiber, carbon fiber, high-strength high-temperature plastic, copper wire, aluminum wire and the like; alloy materials: pure lead, lead-tin, lead-calcium-tin-aluminum alloy, and the like.

Therefore, in the scheme, the longitudinal ribs of the grid are made of lead wires, the transverse ribs, the frame and the like are made of plastic materials, and the high-strength corrosion-resistant lead wires are used as the longitudinal ribs to replace the alloy longitudinal ribs of the conventional grid, so that the creep resistance is met, the corrosion resistance service life is long, and the service life of a battery is prolonged. Meanwhile, the plastic transverse ribs and the plastic frame are used for replacing the alloy transverse ribs and the frame of the conventional grid, so that the weight is reduced, the strength is increased, the cost is reduced, the softening and falling of the positive active substances are delayed, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the specific energy of the battery is improved.

Therefore, the lead wire can comprise a core of glass fiber and a lead layer outside the core;

correspondingly, before starting to implement step S11 referred to hereinafter, the method may include: after heating and solid extrusion, the pure lead is coated on the outer layer of the glass fiber to form a coaxial lead wire with a core wire of the glass fiber, and further, the lead wire required to be used in the subsequent steps can be obtained.

In the processing mode of lead wire solid extrusion, compared with a drawn grid, a punched grid or a continuous casting and rolling grid and the like which are formed after a grid or a cast strip is cast, lead dust is free of lead smoke and lead dust, and the lead dust-free lead wire grid has the advantage of being more environment-friendly.

Referring to fig. 1, a method for manufacturing an injection molding grid includes:

s11: conveying the N lead wires along the length direction of the N lead wires so that: sending the current N lead wire sections in the N lead wires into an injection mold, and sending the formed semi-finished product of the previous grid in the injection mold out of the injection mold; wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, if N is greater than or equal to 2, then N lead wires are parallel to each other;

s12: injecting a plastic structure on the current N lead wire sections by using the injection mold to form a current grid semi-finished product;

the plastic structure comprises the plastic frame and the plastic transverse rib, and can also comprise structures made of other plastic materials such as a plastic connecting part 24 and the like;

s14: whether to repeat steps S11 through S12. If the result of step S14 is yes, the process returns to step S11, and the corresponding semi-finished grid can be obtained by performing steps S11 to S12 at least twice.

The manufacturing method of the injection molding grid further comprises the following steps:

s13: cutting off the N lead wires aiming at each semi-finished product of the grid sent out of the injection mold to obtain corresponding independent semi-finished products of the grid;

s14: and welding lugs on the semi-finished grid to obtain the corresponding injection molding grid.

Taking fig. 1 as an example, step S13 may be performed after step S11, or may be performed at any other time from step S11 to step S12, and step S13 may be performed as long as a grid semi-finished product is sent out, for example, after a plurality of connected grid semi-finished products are formed, lead wires may be cut one by one to obtain individual grid semi-finished products, or lead wires may be cut after one grid semi-finished product is formed to obtain individual grid semi-finished products.

Taking fig. 1 as an example, step S14 may be performed after step S13, or may be performed at any other time, for example, after the injection-molded semi-finished grids are cut, the semi-finished grids may be stacked and collected, and step S14 may be performed on the collected semi-finished grids.

Because the longitudinal ribs of the grid are made of lead wires, and the transverse ribs, the frame and the like are made of plastic materials, the grid can be paid off along the length direction of the lead wires, and a semi-finished grid structure is formed after paying off and injection molding, metal parts corresponding to the injection molded grid do not need to be formed by independent machining, and the machining efficiency is improved.

Meanwhile, by repeating the steps S11 to S12, the subsequent semi-finished products of the grids can be formed one by one, and therefore the manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize continuous injection molding processing of the semi-finished products of the grids, and has the advantages of higher processing efficiency and better consistency.

In addition, the embodiment of the invention adopts the injection mold to carry out injection molding processing, so that the consistency of the weight and the volume of the formed injection molding grid is better, further, the consistency of the filled active matters is more uniform, and the consistency of the battery is also better.

In addition, aiming at the continuous grid, if the scheme of forming metal parts in the prior art is used, the continuous grid can only be cut off and separated and then injection molded, and the advantages of high plate coating efficiency and good consistency of the continuous grid are lost.

In one embodiment, step S11 may include:

In particular, the traction of the traction device, and/or the unwinding of the unwinding tensioning device, can be carried out according to a preset step length, which is matched to the length of the required lead section.

Based on the lead wires and the conveying mode thereof, the lead wires with more quantity can be used as longitudinal ribs, so that the current distribution is more uniform, the utilization rate of active matters is higher, and the specific energy and the specific power of the battery can be improved.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating step S12 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 4, in one embodiment, step S12 may include:

s121: closing the injection mold;

s122: injecting plastic into a cavity of the injection mold after mold closing;

at this time, the plastic can be controlled to fill the cavity;

s123: after the material in the cavity of the injection mold is cooled, opening the injection mold to form the current grid semi-finished product;

at this time, the lead wire as the longitudinal rib is fixed by the plastic lateral rib and the frame.

Wherein the injection mold is configured to: after the injection mold is closed, the injected plastic only wraps the part of the lead wire, which is intersected with the plastic transverse rib, and the part of the lead wire, which is intersected with the plastic frame. Furthermore, after step S121, the lead wire is equivalent to the injection insert in the cavity of the injection mold, and the plastic is not allowed to wrap the lead wire except for the crossing part with the transverse rib;

after step S123 is performed, the process returns to step S11, and the traction device may walk the lead wire and the semi-finished product of the grid by a fixed step distance by drawing the lead wire, move out of the mold cavity, and at the same time, the lead wire with the same step distance length enters the injection mold again through the paying-off tensioning mechanism to prepare for the next injection molding.

In a specific example, the plastic used for injection molding may be any one of the following:

ABS, PP, PPR, PET, PBT, PTFE, etc.

In one embodiment, since at least one end of the semi-finished grid product is exposed with the lead wire exposed portion (i.e., the lead wire exposed portion 221 shown in fig. 2 and 3), step S15 may include:

Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating step S15 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 5, welding the tab to the lead wire exposed portion of the semi-finished grid specifically includes:

s151: putting the semi-finished product of the grid into a cast welding mould, wherein the lead wire exposed part is positioned in a mould cavity of the cast welding mould, namely: the lead wire part exposed outside the frame is completely covered by the die cavity;

s152: closing the cast-weld mold;

s153: injecting welding alloy into a die cavity of the cast-weld die after die assembly;

s154: and opening the cast-weld mold after the material in the cast-weld mold is cooled and solidified to obtain the injection molding grid. Wherein, after cooling and solidification, the tab and the lead wire are integrated.

After step S154, the injection-molded grid with the welded tabs may be removed and the injection-molded grid is completed.

Referring to fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a grid for a lead-acid battery, including:

s31: manufacturing an injection molding grid by using the manufacturing method of the injection molding grid related to the alternative scheme;

s32: and manufacturing and forming the grid for the lead-acid storage battery by using the injection molding grid.

In step S32, the injection molding grid may be subjected to processes of plate coating, curing, plate separation, plate wrapping, busbar welding, groove entering curing, terminal welding, spot color glue, acid filling, formation, matching, and the like, and any process and equipment capable of realizing these processes may be applied to the method according to the embodiment of the present invention, so that no matter what process is subsequently used, the scope of the embodiment of the present invention is not deviated.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a grid for the lead-acid storage battery, which is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the grid for the lead-acid storage battery related to the alternative scheme.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A manufacturing method of an injection molding grid is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for manufacturing the injection-molded grid according to claim 1, wherein in the semi-finished product of the grid, at least one end of the lead wire segment is exposed out of the corresponding plastic frame, so that a lead wire exposed part is formed outside the plastic frame;

3. The method of making an injection molded grid according to claim 2, wherein welding the tab to the lead wire exposed portion of the grid blank comprises:

closing the cast-weld mold;

4. The method for manufacturing an injection-molded grid according to claim 1, wherein conveying the N lead wires in the length direction of the N lead wires comprises:

5. An injection molded grid manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lead wires comprise a core of glass fiber and a lead layer outside the core;

before carrying N plumbous line along N plumbous line's length direction, still include: heating pure lead, extruding in a solid state, and coating the pure lead on the outer layer of the glass fiber to form the coaxial lead wire with the core wire being the glass fiber.

6. The method for manufacturing an injection-molded grid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step of forming a current grid semi-finished product by injection-molding a plastic structure on the current N lead wire segments by using the injection mold comprises the following steps:

closing the injection mold;

injecting plastic into a cavity of the injection mold after mold closing;

7. The method of making an injection molded grid according to claim 6, wherein the injection mold is configured to: after the injection mold is closed, the injected plastic only wraps the part of the lead wire, which is intersected with the plastic transverse rib, and the part of the lead wire, which is intersected with the plastic frame.

8. The grid manufacturing method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the injection molded grid is a continuous grid, the plastic frame, and the number of grid areas is at least two; at least two groups of plastic frames are distributed in an array mode along the length direction of the plastic transverse ribs and/or the length direction of the lead line segments, and the two adjacent groups of plastic frames are connected with each other.

9. A manufacturing method of a grid for a lead-acid storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:

manufacturing an injection-molded grid by using the manufacturing method of the injection-molded grid according to any one of claims 1 to 8;

10. A grid for a lead-acid battery, characterized in that the grid for a lead-acid battery is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a grid for a lead-acid battery according to claim 9.