CN111681860B - 一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈 - Google Patents

一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈 Download PDF

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CN111681860B
CN111681860B CN202010416163.3A CN202010416163A CN111681860B CN 111681860 B CN111681860 B CN 111681860B CN 202010416163 A CN202010416163 A CN 202010416163A CN 111681860 B CN111681860 B CN 111681860B
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欧术培
张海燕
王超
韩雅楠
魏雪冰
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Shanghai Dianji University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12Inductive energy transfer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/346Preventing or reducing leakage fields
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14Inductive couplings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈,包括DD型发射线圈,所述DD型发射线圈中的各组成线圈之间还设有多个用于加强磁场强度的补偿线圈。与现有技术相比,本发明具有磁场分布均匀,波动小,传输效率高,充电稳定等优点。

Description

一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈
技术领域
本发明涉及动态无线充电技术领域,尤其是涉及一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈。
背景技术
就目前在电动汽车领域来说动态电能传输系统较静态电能传输系统而言更具有现实意义。通过在地面铺设发射线圈轨道,实现对移动设备的动态充电,使车载电池浅充浅放,能显著降低对电池容量的要求,缩短停靠充电时间,是提高电动车辆行驶里程的有效途径之一。动态电能传输系统中发射线圈里程较长,如何设计发射线圈,提高传输效率,节约能源,提高系统输出功率的稳定性。
目前线圈的布局有长导轨式和分段式。单极型(圆形、方形)和双极型(DD型) 是分段式常用的线圈结构类型。
按照发射线圈的布局方式,动态电能传输系统可分为2类:长导轨式和分段式。长导轨式的一个发射线圈长度远长于拾取线圈,虽然轨道中间的互感基本维持不变,系统输出功率稳定,但是发射拾取之间耦合的磁场区域较小,其余的磁场没有被有效利用,线圈损耗和电磁辐射较大。还有研究学者提出了分段式轨,分段式的发射线圈由多个线圈组合,通过分段切换,将没有耦合的线圈断开,避免了这些线圈产生的电磁辐射,减小了线圈损耗。在线圈结构上,单极型(圆形、方形)和双极型(DD型)是分段式常用的线圈结构类型,双极型线圈相比于单极型线圈,磁场更加集中,耦合线圈的互感更大,轨道两侧漏磁更少,适合运用在动态电能传输系统系统中。然而双极型线圈组成的分段式结构中,线圈之间的过渡区域存在互感零点,移动中的互感变化使得输出功率呈现周期性波动。由此,又有人提出了一种重叠型双发射线圈结构,2个发射线圈在过渡区域的磁场相互补偿,线圈电流相位差被控制在90°,使得叠加产生的磁场分布均匀,功率输出稳定,不足之处在于发射线圈之间引入了无功功率,导致系统效率不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈,包括DD型发射线圈,所述 DD型发射线圈中的各组成线圈之间还设有多个用于加强磁场强度的补偿线圈。
进一步地,所述的组成线圈的形状为矩形。
进一步地,所述的补偿线圈的个数至少为2个。
进一步地,所述的补偿线圈彼此平行设置于所述DD型发射线圈中的各组成线圈之间。
进一步地,所述的补偿线圈的形状为O字形。
进一步地,所述的组成线圈的匝数至少为3匝。
进一步地,所述的补偿线圈的匝数至少为3匝。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明是一种基于磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电技术原边发射线圈的设计,DOOD线圈克服了常用到的DD型发射线圈两个矩形绕制线圈中的电流方向反,在两个线圈相邻处磁场减弱厉害,使得车载接收线圈接收到的能量减小,效率低。使得磁场在交界处波动小,系统输出功率稳定,传输效率高。
(2)本发明设计了一种基于磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电技术原边发射线圈的设计,实现了对原边发射线圈电能传输方式的设计与改进,在高频及一定距离的时候,有效的减少漏磁弱磁的现象,大大提高系统输出功率稳定和传输效率,节约了资源。推动了电动汽车动态无线充电,和对电池的保护,提高电动车辆行驶里程的有效途径。
(3)本发明DOOD线圈克服了常用到的DD型发射线圈两个矩形绕制线圈中的电流方向反,在两个线圈相邻处磁场减弱的弊端,DOOD线圈能够相互补偿彼此在移动过程中的互感零点,有效的减少漏磁弱磁的现象,大大提高系统输出功率稳定和传输效率,节约了资源。
(4)电动汽车目前广泛普及,以及资源紧张的现代,如何提高传输效率,节约资源更是重中之重。电动汽车充电的稳定性保证了电动汽车的运行稳定,系统安全稳定运行、人身安全和经济都有着决定性的作用。本发明专利实现了电动汽车,供电系统的稳定运行,降低了故障所带来的经济损失和人身安全影响。
附图说明
图1为传统DD型线圈连接原理图;
图2为COMSOL仿真传统DD型发射线圈磁场分布图;
图3为本发明的DOOD型线圈连接原理图;
图4为COMSOL仿真补偿型DOOD型线圈磁场分布图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明设计了一种基于磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电技术原边发射线圈的设计,与传统的DD型发射线圈结构相比,具有减少漏磁弱磁的现象,大大提高系统输出功率稳定,传输效率,节约了资源,提高电动车辆行驶里程的有效途径,系统输出功率稳定,传输效率高,使电动汽车充电更加稳定。
本设计在现有技术DD型线圈连接方法上,设计一种在两线圈交界处增加补偿线圈的方法,制造出实物,并通过COMSOL有限元仿真软件对这两种发射线圈进行磁场仿真,发挥了DD线圈的优点,同时弥补DD线圈的不足,使得磁场在交界处波动小,分布较均匀,电动汽车充电更加稳定,系统输出功率稳定,传输效率高。
1、主要思路
本发明是一种基于磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电技术原边发射线圈的设计,当主电路将母线电压逆变成高频交流电能通过线圈传输到副边时,已有的所用到的 DD型发射线圈两个矩形绕制线圈中的电流方向反,这种线圈的绕制方法的缺点在于在两个线圈相邻处磁场减弱厉害,使得车载接收线圈接收到的能量减小,在现有技术方法上,分析接触点弱磁漏磁的原因,采用了补偿型DOOD发射线圈,通过 COMSOL有限元仿真软件对这两种发射线圈进行磁场仿真,验证了这种方法的可行性。
2、动态无线充电DOOD发射线圈的工作原理
本设计采用DD线圈之间与两个线圈相结合的DOOD线圈,根据DD接收线圈和两个O接收线圈的并联关系,得到两线圈的等效交流电阻关系表达。由图3 所示,位于原边侧的DD发射线圈与两O线圈之间的电流流向示意图和图1对比。当原边发射线圈仅有DD结构时候,由于两线圈匝数相等,相邻的两个DD电流大小相等,方向相反,由电生磁法拉第定律得到相邻处无磁场,加上两个OO线圈后完美克服了这一缺点,两个线圈的电流流向加强了和DD线圈磁场强度,不会出现电流做无用功浪费了电能。可使系统传输功率更大。通过如图2和图4中各自线圈的COMSOL仿真可以看出补偿型DOOD发射线圈相对于传统的发射线圈连接更加适用动态无线充电系统,磁场波动小,分布较均匀。对效率值进行计算,有所提高。
本设计在DD发射线圈基础上弥补DD发射线圈(如图1所示)的不足,命名图3结构为DOOD型的线圈绕制方式使得线圈间无互感存在,避免了两并联的线圈接触点无磁场。这样可以利用简单的电容参数配置方式实现系统的谐振。根据 DOOD型发射线圈是并联工作的,可以的得到其两线圈的等效交流电阻关系。系统能在整个动态供电过程中能保持系统输出功率稳定。DOOD发射线圈的互感补偿了与DD发射线圈的互补零点,使得在移动过程中输出的稳定,实验结果和仿真验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性。该动态电能传输系统,具有一下特点:1.该系统采用单发射DOOD结构,DOOD线圈能够相互补偿彼此在移动过程中的互感零点。2.原副边之间不需要建立通信,只需在副边进行控制,并且每个拾取之间的控制是相互独立的。3.具有良好的动态恒功率输出效果,波动率控制在±2.03%以内;不同负载情况下的电压波动率均控制在±1.02%以内。
本实施例中,各个线圈的匝数至少为3匝。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (6)

1.一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈,其特征在于,用于耦合动态无线充电系统的车载接收线圈,所述车载接收线圈在水平面上的投影包含在所述原边发射线圈在水平面上的投影范围内,所述原边发射线圈包括DD型发射线圈,所述DD型发射线圈中的各组成线圈之间还设有多个用于加强磁场强度的补偿线圈,所述的补偿线圈彼此平行设置于所述DD型发射线圈中的各组成线圈之间,所述的补偿线圈与所述的DD型发射线圈处在同一平面,所述的DD型发射线圈中的各组成线圈与所述补偿线圈之间互不重叠,在移动过程中,通过相互补偿互感零点减少漏磁弱磁现象。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈,其特征在于,所述的组成线圈的形状为矩形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈,其特征在于,所述的补偿线圈的个数至少为2个。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈,其特征在于,所述的补偿线圈的形状为O字形。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈,其特征在于,所述的组成线圈的匝数至少为3匝。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种磁耦合谐振小车动态无线充电原边发射线圈,其特征在于,所述的补偿线圈的匝数至少为3匝。
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