CN111681514A - Simulated plastic bacterial culture and application thereof - Google Patents
Simulated plastic bacterial culture and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simulated plastic bacteria culture, which comprises a growth model of bacteria in a liquid culture medium, a colony model of three staphylococci growing on the same nutrient agar plate, a colony model of white staphylococci and bacillus subtilis growing on the same nutrient agar plate, a colony model of beta hemolytic streptococcus growing on a blood agar plate and the like, wherein all models of the simulated plastic bacteria culture are simulated plastic teaching molds made of plastic materials. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention makes the typical bacteria culture and the biochemical reaction result of bacteria taught in the medical microbiology experiment into the simulation plastic teaching aid, which can avoid the potential biological safety hazard and avoid the problems of unstable experiment result and atypical biochemical reaction phenomenon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of teaching molds, and particularly relates to design and application of a simulated plastic bacteria culture.
Background
Medical microbiology is an indispensable basic course for students in medical specialties and medical related specialties of all medical institutions, and students in clinical examination specialties and health examination specialties need to learn clinical microbiology courses further. The content of the basic medical microbiology mainly relates to the biological characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms, pathogenicity, pathogenic inspection and prevention principles, and not only has morphological knowledge, but also has the explanation of the mechanism. A correspondingly-opened medical microbiology experiment course relates to the morphological structure, culture method, culture characteristics, detection method and the like of microorganisms, can deepen the understanding of students on the theoretical knowledge of medical microbiology, and is beneficial to the students to master the basic experiment method and detection technology of medical microbiology.
At present, the problems in the experimental teaching of medical microbiology are as follows:
(1) (1) the live bacterial cultures taught in student experiments present biological safety hazards. The contents of the medical microbiology experimental course are mostly experiments relating to bacteria, and the bacteria belong to the second class (class III) of dangerous degree in the < famous records of pathogenic microorganisms of interpersonal infection >, and the experiments should be carried out in a class II biosafety laboratory according to the biosafety requirements. However, in most medical institutions, thousands of students cannot establish more level II biosafety laboratories for students in any medical institution, and most of the laboratories of the students only reach the level of the level I biosafety laboratory. Although most of the cultures for teaching are prepared into typical cultures in a level II biological safety laboratory by experimental preparers in class before the students carry out teaching in an experimental classroom, the students occasionally break the test tubes or flat plates for teaching carelessly during observation, so that the cultures leak out, and pure cultures of pathogenic bacteria in the test tubes or flat plates pollute the tabletop or the ground; students also curiously open the teaching flat plate, and touch pathogenic bacteria colony with hands and other similar events; the accidents are handled by teachers in time, and no biological safety accidents occur. If the experiment is carried out in summer with high temperature, the unsealed bacteria pure culture can also form aerosol which is volatilized into the air, so that the biological safety risk of polluting the environment is caused. Although public health incidents of biological safety caused by pathogenic bacteria leakage in medical microbiology experiments of students are not reported in public at home and abroad, teachers and students with the education of the experiments bear the risks and the pressure of the biological safety.
(2) The experimental result is unstable, and the observation phenomenon is not typical. As the materials used in medical microbiology experiments are all living bacteria, various growth phenomena and reactions of the bacteria can be observed, but the living bacteria have individual differences and inevitable variation in the process of passage, so that the growth phenomena and biochemical reactions of the bacteria are atypical, and the experimental result is unstable. For example, when salmonella typhi is inoculated with a krebs-ferric culture medium, the situation that the powered salmonella typhi in a test tube shows no power and the phenomenon that the salmonella typhi which does not decompose glucose to generate gas generates a small amount of bubbles and other abnormal phenomena occur when the same strain is inoculated with the same batch of culture medium. The instability of the experimental results directly affects the teaching effect, and the atypical results require the experiment preparer to do again, thereby increasing the workload of the experiment preparer.
(3) The experiment preparation workload is large, and the consumable consumption is large. The observation of bacterial culture and bacterial biochemical reaction is a teaching that experimental preparers firstly inoculate and culture bacteria to obtain a typical test tube or plate culture, and then observe the result of the typical biochemical reaction for students. To obtain a typical tube or plate culture, typical biochemical reaction results, the experimental preparer must repeat the test. The number of students is doubled after the extension, the number of shifts is increased, the demand is increased, and the demand is large. And the obtained typical culture cannot be stored for a long time, the biochemical reaction result is changed and is not typical after the long time, and the culture needs to be continuously replaced. Hundreds of plates of typical colonies are prepared for each experimental class, thousands of tube cultures for typical biochemical reaction results, and the workload is considerable.
With the rapid development of information science and technology, the simulated plastic model is widely applied in various fields, can be counterfeited and truthful enough in movie and television, and gradually becomes an effective teaching aid in the field of education, for example, in an anatomical experiment, the simulated plastic human body model is manufactured early to solve the problem of difficulty in corpse collection. In the histological embryology experiment, a simulated plastic embryo model was made. In recent years, a large number of simulated plastic simulators are clinically applied for students to practice. These artificial plastic teaching aids not only retain the appearance characteristics of real organ specimens, but also are convenient to preserve, have become effective tools in experimental teaching, but have not been reported in medical microbiology experiments to replace real live bacterial cultures with artificial plastic bacterial culture teaching aids.
In view of this, this patent is filed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the simulated plastic bacterial culture and the application value thereof, which can avoid the potential biological safety hazard, avoid the problems of unstable experimental results and atypical biochemical reaction phenomena, greatly reduce the workload of experimental preparation, and save a large amount of consumables such as flat plates, test tubes, culture mediums and the like.
The invention aims to provide a group of simulated plastic bacterial cultures.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the use of the above simulated plastic bacterial culture.
A simulated plastic bacterial culture according to an embodiment of the invention is a simulated plastic teaching mold, and comprises a growth model of bacteria in a liquid culture medium, a colony model of three staphylococci on the same nutrient agar plate, a colony model of staphylococcus albus and bacillus subtilis on the same nutrient agar plate, a colony model of beta hemolytic streptococcus on a blood agar plate, a glucose fermentation model of Escherichia coli and Alkaligenes in a glucose liquid culture medium, a colony model of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli on the same SS agar plate, a colony model of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli on the same EMB agar plate, a biochemical reaction phenomenon model of Proteus in a lead acetate culture medium, a biochemical reaction phenomenon model of Escherichia coli in a lead acetate culture medium, a biochemical reaction model of Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli, a bacterial culture medium, a culture medium for teaching plastic teaching, and a method for teaching plastic teaching, The biochemical reaction phenomenon models of salmonella paratyphi B, salmonella typhi and shigella dysenteriae in a krusedinium culture medium, and all models of the simulated plastic bacteria culture are made of plastic materials.
A simulated plastic bacterial culture according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein the growth models of the bacteria in liquid medium include a deposit growth model of beta hemolytic streptococcus, a surface growth model of bacillus subtilis, and a turbid growth model of staphylococcus aureus; the result model of the biochemical reaction of the Escherichia coli in the glucose liquid culture medium comprises a sugar fermentation negative model and a sugar fermentation acid and gas production model; the biochemical reaction phenomenon models of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae in the Klebsiella biosca culture medium comprise Escherichia coli Klebsiella biosca model, Salmonella paratyphi B Klebsiella biosca model, Salmonella typhi Klebsiella biosca model and Shigella dysenteriae Klebsiella biosca model.
The simulated plastic bacteria culture according to the specific embodiment of the invention, wherein the sediment growth model of the beta hemolytic streptococcus comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, a light yellow transparent culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube, and light yellow sediment is displayed at the bottom; the surface growth model of the bacillus subtilis comprises another transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a light yellow transparent culture solution is displayed on the lower part in the test tube, and white floccules are arranged on the upper surface of the culture solution; the turbid growth model of staphylococcus aureus comprises another transparent test tube with a plug, wherein the lower part in the test tube shows yellow turbid culture solution, the surface of the test tube is free from white floccules, and the bottom of the test tube is free from sediments.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacterial culture, wherein the colony model of the three staphylococcus bacteria growing on the same nutrient agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, a light yellow transparent solid culture medium is flatly paved on the inner surface of the bottom plate, the surface of the culture medium is divided into three parts, one part of the three parts shows a plurality of staphylococcus aureus single colonies, and the colonies are in a circular protrusion, semitransparent and light yellow shape; the other part shows a plurality of single colonies of staphylococcus albus, and the single colonies are in a round bulge, semitransparent and white shape; the rest part shows a plurality of single colonies of the staphylococcus citricola, and the single colonies are in a round bulge, semitransparent and lemon color shape.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacterial culture, wherein a colony model of staphylococcus albus and bacillus subtilis growing on the same nutrient agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, a light yellow transparent solid culture medium is flatly paved on the inner surface of the bottom plate, the surface of the culture medium is divided into two parts, wherein a plurality of single staphylococcus albus colonies are shown on one part of the culture medium, and the single staphylococcus albus colonies are in a circular protrusion shape, a semi-transparent shape and a white shape; the other part exhibits several single colonies of Bacillus subtilis in irregular, grey-white morphology, which are larger in diameter than the single colonies of Staphylococcus albus.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacterial culture, wherein the colony model of the beta hemolytic streptococcus grown on the blood agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, the inner surface of the bottom plate is paved with orange-yellow and red transparent solid culture medium, the surface of the culture medium shows a plurality of beta hemolytic streptococcus single colonies and transparent hemolytic rings, and the beta hemolytic streptococcus single colonies are in a round bulge, semitransparent and grey-white shape.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacterial culture comprises a sugar fermentation negative model, wherein the sugar fermentation negative model comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, a purple culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube, a small guide tube is arranged in the culture solution, and no air bubble is arranged in the small guide tube; the model for producing acid and gas by sugar fermentation comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a yellow culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube, a small guide tube is arranged in the yellow culture solution, and bubbles are arranged in the small guide tube.
The simulated plastic bacterial culture according to the embodiment of the invention, wherein the colony model of the salmonella typhi and the escherichia coli growing on the same SS agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, the inner surface of the bottom plate is divided into two parts, one part is flatly paved with yellow transparent solid culture medium, the other part is flatly paved with light red transparent solid culture medium, the surface of the yellow transparent culture medium shows a plurality of single colonies of the salmonella typhi, and the single colonies are in a circular protrusion, semitransparent, yellow or colorless form; the light red transparent medium surface exhibits a plurality of pink single colonies of escherichia coli, and the single colonies are in a round protrusion and opaque form.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacterial culture, wherein the colony model of the salmonella typhi and the escherichia coli growing on the same EMB agar plate comprises another transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, a mauve transparent solid culture medium is flatly paved on the inner surface of the bottom plate, the upper surface of the culture medium is divided into two parts, one part of the culture medium shows a plurality of single colonies of the salmonella typhi, the single colonies are in a semi-transparent, light yellow or colorless form with circular protrusions, the other part of the culture medium shows a plurality of single colonies of the escherichia coli with black metallic luster, and the single colonies are in a circular protrusion and opaque form.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacteria culture is characterized in that the proteus biochemical reaction phenomenon model in the lead acetate culture medium comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, and black culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube; the model of the biochemical reaction phenomenon of the Escherichia coli in the lead acetate culture medium comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, and a light yellow culture solution is displayed on the lower portion in the test tube.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacterial culture comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a yellow culture medium is displayed on the lower portion in the test tube and is divided into an upper inclined culture medium layer and a lower turbid culture medium layer, and air bubbles are arranged on the upper portion of the lower turbid culture medium layer.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacteria culture comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a culture medium is displayed on the lower portion in the test tube and is divided into an upper inclined red culture medium, a middle black culture medium and a lower yellow turbid culture medium, and a small amount of air bubbles are arranged on the upper portion of the lower yellow turbid culture medium.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacterium culture is characterized in that the salmonella typhi-c disaccharide model comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, the lower part in the test tube shows a culture medium, the culture medium is divided into an upper layer of inclined red culture medium and a lower layer of yellow culture medium, and the upper part of the lower layer of yellow culture medium shows a turbid puncture line without bubbles.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacterium culture, wherein the Shigella dysenteriae Crigosate model comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, the lower part in the test tube shows a culture medium, the culture medium is divided into an upper layer of inclined red culture medium and a lower layer of yellow culture medium, and the upper part of the lower layer of yellow culture medium shows a clear puncture line and is bubble-free.
According to the application of the simulated plastic bacteria culture in the embodiment of the invention, the simulated plastic bacteria culture is used for teaching observation of two experiments of growth phenomenon of bacteria and biochemical reaction of enterobacter by students.
The invention selects the teaching observation contents of two experiments of the growth phenomenon of bacteria and the biochemical reaction of enterobacteria according to the requirements of the teaching outline of the medical microbiology experiment of the students in the medical profession and the medical related professions, and the specific bacterial culture comprises: growth phenomena of bacteria, including growth phenomena of bacteria in liquid culture media: turbid growth of staphylococcus aureus, surface growth of bacillus subtilis and precipitation growth of beta hemolytic streptococcus; colony characteristics of bacteria grown on agar plates: three staphylococcus, including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus and staphylococcus citreus, the colony of staphylococcus albus and bacillus subtilis growing on a nutrient agar plate, and the colony of beta hemolytic streptococcus growing on a blood agar plate; biochemical reaction of bacteria: growth results of escherichia coli in glucose liquid medium; salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli in Salmonella, Shigella Selection and identification agar plates (Selection and identification agar plate of Salmonella and Shigella, S.S), Eosin blue Selection and identification agar plate (EMB); growth of proteus and escherichia coli in a lead acetate medium; the simulation plastic teaching aid is manufactured by the biochemical reaction phenomenon of escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi b, salmonella typhi and shigella dysenteriae in a ferric krebs culture medium.
Preparing a typical culture object from the selected bacterial culture, carefully observing the typical culture object in the field by a technician of a simulation plastic model making company, and photographing and storing the typical culture object. The manufacturing standard of each typical culture is established, and the standard comprises characteristic requirements of dosage form, shape, color, characteristics and the like, and is manufactured by a simulation plastic model manufacturing company.
Plastics, also known as plastics, are materials which are made of high molecular synthetic resins (polymers) as main components, impregnated with various auxiliary materials or additives, have plasticity and fluidity at a specific temperature and pressure, can be molded into a certain shape, and keep the shape unchanged under a certain condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention prepares the typical bacteria culture and the biochemical reaction result of bacteria, which are taught in the medical microbiology experiment, into the simulation plastic teaching aid, which can avoid the potential biological safety hazard; and can be used for open laboratories for students to observe; the problems of unstable experimental results and atypical biochemical reaction phenomena are avoided; because the simulation plastic model can be stored for a long time and used repeatedly, the workload of experiment preparation can be greatly reduced, and a large amount of consumables such as a flat plate, a test tube, a culture medium and the like can be saved.
(2) In higher schools, except medical schools, other departments and universities have opened microbiological lessons and microbiological experiments, and the observation of bacterial growth phenomena and bacterial biochemical reactions are basic and classical teaching contents of the microbiological experiments. Therefore, the manufactured biochemical reaction simulation plastic teaching aid for the typical bacterial culture and the bacteria is applied to the medical microbiology experiment teaching of medical institutions, and can also be applied to the microbiology experiment teaching of other departments, universities and other schools, and has wide application prospect.
(3) The experimental effect of the simulated plastic bacteria culture applied to the experimental teaching of microbiology shows that most students are willing to accept the simulated plastic bacteria culture used in the experimental class, and the support degree is higher. The most important advantages of the simulated plastic bacteria culture with teaching teachers are that the simulated plastic bacteria culture is not afraid of breaking by students and contacting by students, the danger of biological safety is avoided, but the simulation degree needs to be improved. Experimental preparation personnel think that the simulated plastic bacteria culture of teaching saves labour and material, and is once and for all easy, worth promoting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a model of the growth of bacteria in liquid medium in the examples of the present invention.
FIG. 1-1 shows an actual culture of bacteria grown in liquid medium.
FIG. 2 is a colony model of three staphylococci grown on the same nutrient agar plate in the example of the invention.
FIG. 2-1 is a real culture of three staphylococci grown on the same nutrient agar plate.
FIG. 3 is a model of a colony of Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis grown on the same nutrient agar plate in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 3-1 is a real culture of Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis grown on the same nutrient agar plate.
FIG. 4 is a colony model of type B hemolytic streptococci grown on blood agar plates in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 4-1 is an actual culture of type B hemolytic streptococci grown on blood agar plates.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a result of biochemical reaction of Escherichia coli and Bacillus alcaligenes in a glucose liquid medium in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 5-1 shows the actual culture of Escherichia coli and Bacillus alcaligenes sugar fermentation negatives.
FIG. 6 is a model of the colony of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli grown on the same SS agar plate in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 6-1 is a real culture of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli grown on the same SS agar plate.
FIG. 7 is a colony model of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli grown on the same EMB agar plate in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 7-1 is a real culture of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli grown on the same EMB agar plate.
FIG. 8 is a model of the biochemical reaction of Proteus and Escherichia coli in a lead acetate medium in the examples of the present invention.
FIG. 8-1 is a real culture of the biochemical reaction phenomena of Proteus and Escherichia coli in a lead acetate medium;
FIG. 9 is a model of the biochemical reaction of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella dysenteriae in the presence of a disaccharide iron-based medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 9-1 shows the actual culture of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae in the presence of the disaccharide iron-K medium.
FIG. 10 shows examination results of experimental study on medical microbiology in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a simulation evaluation result of a plastic simulation specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 shows the results of the evaluation of the support of the simulated plastic bacteria culture in the example of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1 a-a sediment growth model of beta hemolytic streptococcus, 2 a-a surface growth model of bacillus subtilis, 3 a-a turbid growth model of staphylococcus aureus, 1 b-a sediment growth condition of beta hemolytic streptococcus, 2 b-a surface growth condition of bacillus subtilis, 3 b-a turbid growth condition of staphylococcus aureus, 4-a single colony of staphylococcus aureus, 5-a single colony of white staphylococcus, 6-a single colony of lemon staphylococcus, 8-a single colony of bacillus subtilis, 9-a single colony of beta hemolytic streptococcus, 10-transparent hemolytic ring, 11 a-a sugar fermentation negative model, 12 a-sugar fermentation acid and gas production model, 11 b-a sugar fermentation negative real culture, 12 b-a sugar fermentation acid and gas production real culture, 13-single salmonella typhi colony, 14-single escherichia coli colony, 15-black culture fluid, 16-yellowish culture fluid, 17-upper-layer slant culture medium (yellow), 18-lower-layer turbid culture medium (yellow), 19-bubble, 20-upper-layer slant red culture medium, 21-middle-layer black culture medium, 22-lower-layer slant turbid culture medium, 23-upper-layer slant red culture medium (salmonella typhi keloid), 24-lower-layer yellow culture medium (salmonella typhi-keloid), 25-upper-layer slant red culture medium (shigella dysenteriae-keloid), 26-lower-layer yellow culture medium (shigella dysenteriae keloid); 261-clear puncture line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This example provides the simulated plastic bacteria culture as a simulated plastic teaching mold, the simulated plastic bacteria culture includes a growth model of bacteria in a liquid medium, a colony model of three staphylococci growing on the same nutrient agar plate, a colony model of white staphylococci and bacillus subtilis growing on the same nutrient agar plate, a colony model of beta hemolytic streptococcus growing on a blood agar plate, a glucose fermentation model of escherichia coli in a glucose liquid medium, a glucose fermentation negative model of basidiobacter producing in a glucose liquid medium, a colony model of salmonella typhi and escherichia coli growing on the same SS agar plate, a colony model of salmonella typhi and escherichia coli growing on the same EMB agar plate, a biochemical reaction phenomenon model of proteus in a lead acetate medium, a biochemical reaction phenomenon model of escherichia coli in a lead acetate medium, and escherichia coli, The biochemical reaction phenomenon models of salmonella paratyphi B, salmonella typhi and shigella dysenteriae in a krusedinium culture medium, and all models of the simulated plastic bacteria culture are made of plastic materials.
Wherein the growth models of the bacteria in the liquid culture medium comprise a precipitation growth model of beta hemolytic streptococcus, a surface growth model of bacillus subtilis and a turbid growth model of staphylococcus aureus; an acid and gas production model of the Escherichia coli in a glucose liquid culture medium and a non-acid and non-gas production model of the alkaline producing bacillus in the glucose liquid culture medium; the biochemical reaction phenomenon models of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae in the Klebsiella biosca culture medium comprise Escherichia coli Klebsiella biosca model, Salmonella paratyphi B Klebsiella biosca model, Salmonella typhi Klebsiella biosca model and Shigella dysenteriae Klebsiella biosca model.
Example 2
This example provides a simulated plastic teaching mold containing a growth model of bacteria in liquid medium (as shown in FIG. 1), a colony model of three staphylococci on the same nutrient agar plate (as shown in FIG. 2), a colony model of Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis on the same nutrient agar plate (as shown in FIG. 3), a colony model of beta hemolytic streptococci on blood agar plate (as shown in FIG. 4), a biochemical reaction result model of Escherichia coli and Alcaligenes in glucose liquid medium (as shown in FIG. 5), a colony model of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli on the same SS agar plate (as shown in FIG. 6), a colony model of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli on the same EMB agar plate (as shown in FIG. 7), the biochemical reaction phenomenon model of proteus and escherichia coli in a lead acetate culture medium (shown in figure 8), the biochemical reaction phenomenon model of escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi b, salmonella typhi and shigella dysenteriae in a ferric krebs culture medium (shown in figure 9), and all models of the simulated plastic bacteria culture are made of plastic materials.
The growth models of the bacteria in the liquid culture medium comprise a precipitation growth model of beta hemolytic streptococcus, a surface growth model of bacillus subtilis and a turbid growth model of staphylococcus aureus; the result model of the biochemical reaction of the Escherichia coli in the glucose liquid culture medium comprises a sugar fermentation negative model and a sugar fermentation acid and gas production model; the biochemical reaction phenomenon models of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae in the Klebsiella biosca culture medium comprise Escherichia coli Klebsiella biosca model, Salmonella paratyphi B Klebsiella biosca model, Salmonella typhi Klebsiella biosca model and Shigella dysenteriae Klebsiella biosca model.
Further, the model for the sediment growth of b hemolytic streptococcus (fig. 1) comprises a transparent stoppered tube, the lower part of which shows a light yellow culture fluid, a light yellow sediment at the bottom (1 a); the surface growth model (2a) of the bacillus subtilis comprises another transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a light yellow transparent culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube, and floccules are arranged on the upper surface of the culture solution; the turbid growth model of staphylococcus aureus (3a) comprises another transparent stoppered tube, the lower part of which shows a yellow turbid culture solution. Compared with the actual culture (FIG. 1-1) of bacteria grown in liquid medium, the growth of the precipitate of beta hemolytic streptococci (1b), the surface growth of Bacillus subtilis (2b) and the turbid growth of Staphylococcus aureus (3b) were included. The growth model of the bacteria in the liquid culture medium shows the growth characteristics of the real culture.
Wherein, the colony model (figure 2) that said three kinds of staphylococci grow on the same nutrient agar plate includes the transparent plate, the said plate includes the underpan and upper cover, the inner surface of the said underpan is paved with yellow transparent culture medium, the surface of the said culture medium is divided into three parts, wherein a part reveals several staphylococcus aureus single colony (4), the colony is the round bulge, semitransparent, yellow morphology; the other part presents a plurality of single colonies (5) of staphylococcus albus, and the single colonies are in a round bulge, semitransparent and white shape; the remaining part exhibited several single colonies of staphylococcus citrolosus (6), in the form of a rounded protrusion, translucent, lemon-colored morphology.
Compared with the real culture (FIG. 2-1) in which three staphylococci grew on the same nutrient agar plate, the colony model of the invention in which three staphylococci grew on the same nutrient agar plate exhibited the colony characteristics of the real culture.
Wherein, the colony model (figure 3) that said staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis grow on the same nutrient agar plate includes the transparent plate, the said plate includes chassis and loam cake, the internal surface of the said chassis is spread with the transparent culture medium of yellowish, the surface of the said culture medium is divided into two parts, wherein a part reveals several single colonies (5) of staphylococcus albus, the single colony is the round bulge, semitransparent, white shape; the other part exhibits several single colonies of Bacillus subtilis (8) in irregular, off-white morphology, the diameter of which is greater than that of the Staphylococcus albus.
Compared with the real culture (figure 3-1) of staphylococcus albus and bacillus subtilis on the same nutrient agar plate, the growth model of staphylococcus albus and bacillus subtilis on the same nutrient agar plate shows the colony characteristics of the real culture.
Wherein the colony model (figure 4) of the beta hemolytic streptococcus grown on the blood agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, the inner surface of the bottom plate is paved with orange-yellow and red transparent culture medium, the surface of the culture medium shows a plurality of beta hemolytic streptococcus single colonies (9) and transparent hemolytic rings (10), and the beta hemolytic streptococcus single colonies are in a round bulge, semitransparent and grey-white shape.
The model of growth of beta hemolytic streptococci of the present invention on blood agar plates exhibited the colony characteristics of the real culture, compared to the real culture of beta hemolytic streptococci on blood agar plates (see, e.g., fig. 4-1).
Wherein the sugar fermentation negative model (figure 5) comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, the lower part in the test tube shows purple transparent culture solution, a small conduit is arranged in the culture solution, and no bubble (11a) exists in the small conduit; the acid and gas production model for sugar fermentation comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a yellow transparent culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube, a small conduit is arranged in the culture solution, and bubbles (12a) are arranged in the small conduit.
Compared to the E.coli sugar fermentation negative real culture (FIG. 5-1), including the sugar fermentation negative real culture (11b) and the sugar fermentation acid and gas production real culture (12b), the simulated plastic sugar fermentation model of the present invention exhibits the reaction characteristics of the real culture.
The colony model (figure 6) for the growth of the salmonella typhi and the escherichia coli on the same SS agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, the inner surface of the bottom plate is divided into two parts, wherein one part is flatly paved with yellow transparent culture medium, the other part is flatly paved with light red transparent culture medium, the surface of the yellow transparent culture medium shows a plurality of single colonies (13) of the salmonella typhi, and the single colonies are in a semi-transparent, yellow or colorless form with circular protrusions; the light red transparent medium surface shows that a plurality of pink single colonies (14) of the Escherichia coli are in a round protrusion and opaque form;
in comparison, the colony model of the present invention for the growth of a real culture of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli on the same SS agar plate (FIG. 6-1) demonstrates the colony characteristics of the real culture.
The colony model (figure 7) that salmonella typhi and escherichia coli grow on the same EMB agar plate comprises another transparent plate, the plate comprises a chassis and an upper cover, the inner surface of the chassis is flatly paved with a mauve transparent culture medium, the upper surface of the culture medium is divided into two parts, wherein one part shows a plurality of salmonella typhi single colonies (13), the single colonies are in a circular protrusion, semitransparent, faint yellow or colorless form, the other part shows a plurality of black escherichia coli single colonies (14) with metallic luster, and the single colonies are in a circular protrusion and opaque form;
in comparison, the colony model of the invention of the real culture of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli grown on the same EMB agar plate (see FIG. 7-1), shows the colony characteristics of the real culture.
The phenomenological model of the biochemical reaction of said proteus in lead acetate medium (figure 8), comprising a transparent test tube with a plug, the lower part inside said test tube exhibiting a black medium (15); the model of the biochemical reaction phenomenon of the Escherichia coli in the lead acetate culture medium comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, and a light yellow culture medium (16) is displayed at the lower part in the test tube.
In comparison, the actual culture of the biochemical reaction phenomenon of proteus vulgaris in the lead acetate culture medium and the actual culture of the biochemical reaction phenomenon of escherichia coli in the lead acetate culture medium (as shown in fig. 8-1) and the biochemical reaction phenomenon model of the bacteria of the present invention in the lead acetate culture medium show the reaction characteristics of the actual cultures.
Wherein, the biochemical reaction model of the Escherichia coli in the ferric saccharate culture medium (figure 9) comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, the upper layer in the test tube is displayed as a yellow slant culture medium (17), the upper part of the lower layer is provided with air bubbles (19), and the lower layer is displayed as a yellow turbid culture medium (18); a reaction model of salmonella paratyphi b in a ferric krebs medium (fig. 9), wherein the upper layer is shown as a red slant medium (20), the middle layer is shown as a black medium (21), the upper part of the lower layer is provided with a small amount of bubbles (19), and the lower layer is shown as a yellow turbid medium (22); a reaction model of salmonella typhi in a ferric saccharate culture medium (figure 9), wherein the upper layer is displayed as a red slant culture medium (23), the lower layer is displayed as a yellow turbid culture medium (24), a puncture line is turbid (powered), and a turbid puncture line (241) is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer; the reaction model of Shigella dysenteriae in the kedlose medium (FIG. 9) was shown as red slant medium (25) on the upper layer and yellow medium (26) on the lower layer, with no turbidity and a clear puncture line 261 on the lower layer.
Compared with the real culture of the biochemical reaction phenomena of the escherichia coli, the salmonella paratyphi b, the salmonella typhi and the shigella dysenteriae in the ferric krebs culture medium (figure 9-1), the biochemical reaction model of the escherichia coli, the salmonella paratyphi b, the salmonella typhi and the shigella dysenteriae in the ferric krebs culture medium shows the reaction characteristics of the real culture.
The simulated plastic bacteria culture is applied to the teaching observation effect of two experiments of the growth phenomenon of bacteria and the biochemical reaction of enterobacter by students.
Application test
Application of simulated plastic bacteria culture in microbiology experiment teaching
1. Application object
Two students of the two major of the experiment teaching outline of the medical microbiology of Chongqing medical university and the major of the medical imaging science of 2018 and the major of the clinical pharmacy of 2018 with the same teaching time and content are selected, two experiment classes are extracted from each major, and the number of each class is 36. The proportions of the 4 classes of male and female students, the age composition and the average experimental results of other subjects in the early stage have no significant difference, and the method is suitable for evaluating the learning effect of medical microbiology experiments.
2. Evaluation method
The selected experimental teaching class is taken as a unit for comparative study, wherein 72 students in 1 experimental class of each of the medical imaging department and the clinical pharmacy department are taken as parallel control groups, and 72 students in the other 2 experimental classes are taken as parallel experimental groups. The experiment teaching is carried out on 4 classes by using a conventional method, teachers firstly carry out systematic explanation on the purpose, principle, material, method, result, attention and the like of the experiment, and during the systematic explanation, the key points of observation of experimental specimens are mainly explained, and multimedia display is adopted to show pictures or video materials related to the experiment. After the teacher explains, the comparison group adopts the traditional real bacterial culture to teach and observe students, and the experiment group adopts the prepared simulated plastic bacterial culture to observe students under the condition that the students are not informed of the relevant contents.
3. And after the experimental teaching is finished, the experimental assessment is carried out according to the conventional method, the team of the experimental group and the team of the control group are carried out simultaneously, and the assessment method and the assessment content are the same. The examination contents comprise identification of pathogenic microorganism forms, identification of bacterial cultures, judgment of bacterial biochemical reactions, judgment of bacterial identification experiment results and the like, the full score is 100, wherein the contents related to observation of the teaching samples account for 40% of the experimental examination contents, and the examination results are shown in figure 10.
By comparing the experimental assessment results of the students in the experimental group and the students in the control group, the average experimental result of the students in the control group is 90.4 points, and the average experimental result of the students in the experimental group is 93 points. The total performance of the experimental group is slightly higher than that of the control group, no significant difference exists, and P is more than 0.05. The result shows that the teaching quality can be ensured by learning the simulated plastic pathogen culture teaching aid in the experimental biology.
4. Study experience investigation of student using simulation teaching aid
After the examination of the experimental course is finished, the experimental group gives students the simulated plastic bacteria culture and the corresponding real specimen for observation, each student fills in an unknown questionnaire, the students' experience of the experimental group on learning by adopting the simulated plastic bacteria culture is investigated, and the evaluation result of the simulation degree of the plastic simulated specimen is shown in figure 11. The contents of the questionnaire are mainly: evaluating the simulation degree and the observation effect of the simulated plastic bacteria culture; the support degree of the students on the simulated plastic bacteria culture is as follows: the most highly simulated model, the model that needs improvement, etc.
Evaluation criteria: the student evaluates the simulation degree of the simulated plastic bacteria culture, and the questionnaire survey result is divided into: the key points of knowledge can be displayed, and the method is very real; the key points of the knowledge can be basically displayed, and the method is relatively real; general and less realistic 4 levels.
As can be seen from FIG. 11, the results of the experimental group observing the 72 student answer sheets of the simulated plastic bacteria culture show that: 24 people think that the method is very real and is more convenient to understand the key points of knowledge, and the key points account for 33.33 percent; 34 people consider the specimen to be true, and the specimen is not much different from a true specimen, accounting for 47.22 percent; the simulation degree is considered to be general by 13 people and is in a certain difference with a real specimen, the simulation degree accounts for 18.06 percent, the simulation degree is considered to be not very real by 1 person, and the simulation degree is in a larger difference with the real specimen and accounts for 1.39 percent.
5. Evaluation of support degree of simulated plastic bacteria culture
The students are used as direct use objects of the simulated plastic bacteria cultures, and according to the feelings of the students, questionnaires investigate whether the students support the experiment class to replace real specimens with the simulated plastic bacteria cultures or not, and the attitudes of the students are divided into support, comparative support, less support and non-support. The results of 72 students in the experimental group, questionnaire, are shown in fig. 12.
The statistics of the results show that: 32 persons indicated a willingness to use simulated plastic bacterial cultures on the experimental class, accounting for 44.44%; 25 persons indicated a relative willingness to use simulated plastic bacterial cultures on the experimental class, accounting for 34.72%; 10 persons indicate a poor willingness to use simulated plastic bacterial cultures, accounting for 13.89%; 5 persons indicated a reluctance to use simulated plastic bacterial cultures, accounting for 6.94%. The results show that most students are willing to accept the use of simulated plastic bacteria cultures in experimental classes, and the support degree is higher. The most important advantages of the simulated plastic bacteria culture with teaching teachers are that the simulated plastic bacteria culture is not afraid of breaking by students and contacting by students, the danger of biological safety is avoided, but the simulation degree needs to be improved. Experimental preparation personnel think that the simulated plastic bacteria culture of teaching saves labour and material, and is once and for all easy, worth promoting.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A simulated plastic bacterial culture is a simulated plastic teaching mold, and comprises a growth model of bacteria in a liquid culture medium, a colony model of three staphylococci growing on the same nutrient agar plate, a colony model of white staphylococci and bacillus subtilis growing on the same nutrient agar plate, a colony model of beta hemolytic streptococcus growing on a blood agar plate, a colony model of Escherichia coli fermenting to produce acid and gas in a glucose liquid culture medium, a negative model of Bacillus alcaligenes fermenting in a glucose liquid culture medium, a colony model of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli growing on the same SS agar plate, a colony model of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli growing on the same EMB agar plate, and a biochemical reaction phenomenon model of Proteus in a lead acetate culture medium, the model of the biochemical reaction phenomenon of the Escherichia coli in the lead acetate culture medium and the biochemical reaction phenomenon of the Escherichia coli, the salmonella paratyphi B, the salmonella typhi and the shigella dysenteriae in the ferric krebs culture medium, wherein all models of the simulated plastic bacteria culture are made of plastic materials.
2. The simulated plastic bacterial culture of claim 1, wherein the growth models of bacteria in liquid culture medium include a sediment growth model of beta hemolytic streptococcus, a surface growth model of bacillus subtilis, and a turbid growth model of staphylococcus aureus; an acid and gas production model of the Escherichia coli in the glucose liquid culture medium and a non-acid and non-gas production model of the alkaline bacillus in the glucose liquid culture medium; the biochemical reaction phenomenon models of Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae in the Klebsiella biosca culture medium comprise Escherichia coli Klebsiella biosca model, Salmonella paratyphi B Klebsiella biosca model, Salmonella typhi Klebsiella biosca model and Shigella dysenteriae Klebsiella biosca model.
3. The simulated plastic bacteria culture of claim 2, wherein the precipitation growth model of beta hemolytic streptococcus comprises a transparent stoppered tube, the lower part of the tube shows a light yellow transparent culture solution, and the bottom of the tube has a light yellow precipitate; the surface growth model of the bacillus subtilis comprises another transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a light yellow transparent culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube, and white floccules are arranged on the surface of the culture solution; the staphylococcus aureus turbid growth model comprises another transparent stoppered test tube, wherein yellow turbid culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube, the upper surface of the test tube is free from floccules, and the bottom of the test tube is free from sediments.
4. The simulated plastic bacterial culture of claim 2, wherein the colony model of the three staphylococcus bacteria growing on the same nutrient agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, the inner surface of the bottom plate is flatly paved with a colorless and transparent solid culture medium, the surface of the culture medium is divided into three parts, one part of the three parts shows a plurality of staphylococcus aureus single colonies, and the colonies are in a round bulge shape, a semitransparent shape and a light yellow shape; the other part shows a plurality of single colonies of staphylococcus albus, and the single colonies are in a round bulge, semitransparent and white shape; the rest part shows a plurality of single colonies of the staphylococcus citricola, and the single colonies are in a round bulge, semitransparent and lemon color shape.
5. The simulated plastic bacterial culture of claim 2, wherein the colony model of staphylococcus albus and bacillus subtilis growing on the same nutrient agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, the inner surface of the bottom plate is flatly paved with a yellowish transparent solid culture medium, the surface of the culture medium is divided into two parts, wherein a plurality of single staphylococcus albus colonies are shown on one part of the culture medium, and the single staphylococcus albus colonies are in a round bulge shape, a semi-transparent shape and a white shape; the other part exhibits several single colonies of Bacillus subtilis in irregular, grey-white morphology, which are larger in diameter than the single colonies of Staphylococcus albus.
6. The simulated plastic bacterial culture of claim 2, wherein the colony model of beta hemolytic streptococcus grown on a blood agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, the inner surface of the bottom plate is tiled with orange-yellow and red transparent solid culture medium, the surface of the culture medium shows a plurality of beta hemolytic streptococcus single colonies and transparent hemolytic rings, and the beta hemolytic streptococcus single colonies are in a round protrusion, semitransparent and grey-white shape.
7. The simulated plastic bacterial culture of claim 2, wherein the sugar fermentation negative model comprises a transparent stoppered test tube, the lower part of the test tube shows transparent purple culture solution, a small conduit is arranged in the culture solution, and no bubble is arranged in the small conduit; the model for producing acid and gas by sugar fermentation comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a transparent yellow culture solution is displayed at the lower part in the test tube, a small conduit is arranged in the yellow culture solution, and bubbles are arranged in the small conduit.
8. The simulated plastic bacterial culture of claim 2, wherein the colony model of the salmonella typhi and escherichia coli grown on the same SS agar plate comprises a transparent plate, the plate comprises a bottom plate and an upper cover, the inner surface of the bottom plate is divided into two parts, one part is flatly paved with a yellowish transparent solid culture medium, the other part is flatly paved with a reddish transparent solid culture medium, the surface of the yellowish transparent culture medium shows a plurality of single colonies of the salmonella typhi, and the single colonies are in a semi-transparent, yellowish or colorless form with a circular protrusion; the surface of the light red transparent culture medium shows a plurality of pink single colonies of the Escherichia coli, and the single colonies are in a round protruding opaque shape; the colony model of the salmonella typhi and the escherichia coli growing on the same EMB agar plate comprises another transparent plate, the plate comprises a base plate and an upper cover, a mauve transparent culture medium is flatly paved on the inner surface of the base plate, the upper surface of the culture medium is divided into two parts, one part of the culture medium shows a plurality of salmonella typhi single colonies, the single colonies are in a circular protrusion, semi-transparent, light yellow or colorless form, the other part of the culture medium shows a plurality of black escherichia coli single colonies with metal luster, and the single colonies are in an opaque form of the circular protrusion; the biochemical reaction phenomenon model of the proteus in the lead acetate culture medium comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, and a black culture medium is displayed at the lower part in the test tube; the model of the biochemical reaction phenomenon of the Escherichia coli in the lead acetate culture medium comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, and a faint yellow culture medium is displayed on the lower portion in the test tube.
9. The simulated plastic bacterial culture of claim 2, wherein the escherichia coli c/s disaccharide iron model comprises a transparent stoppered test tube, a lower portion of the test tube displays a yellow culture medium, the yellow culture medium is divided into an upper layer slant culture medium and a lower layer turbid culture medium, and an upper portion of the lower layer turbid culture medium is provided with air bubbles; the salmonella paratyphi b Klebsiella bioscience model comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, a culture medium is displayed on the lower part in the test tube and is divided into an upper inclined red culture medium, a middle black culture medium and a lower yellow turbid culture medium, and a small amount of air bubbles are arranged on the upper part of the lower yellow turbid culture medium; the salmonella typhi-kedlose iron model comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a culture medium is displayed on the lower part in the test tube and is divided into an upper-layer inclined-plane red culture medium and a lower-layer yellow culture medium, and a turbid puncture line is displayed on the upper part of the lower-layer yellow culture medium and has no bubbles; the shigella dysenteriae kedlike glucurone model comprises a transparent test tube with a plug, wherein a culture medium is displayed on the lower portion in the test tube and is divided into an upper-layer inclined-plane red culture medium and a lower-layer yellow culture medium, and a clear puncture line is displayed on the upper portion of the lower-layer yellow culture medium and is free of bubbles.
10. The use of the simulated plastic bacterial culture of any of claims 1-9, wherein said simulated plastic bacterial culture is used for teaching and observation of two-part experiments of bacterial growth phenomenon and enterobacter biochemical reaction for students.
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