CN111681152A - Anti-printing scanning digital watermark method for printed picture - Google Patents

Anti-printing scanning digital watermark method for printed picture Download PDF

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CN111681152A
CN111681152A CN202010416771.4A CN202010416771A CN111681152A CN 111681152 A CN111681152 A CN 111681152A CN 202010416771 A CN202010416771 A CN 202010416771A CN 111681152 A CN111681152 A CN 111681152A
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image
watermark information
watermark
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CN111681152B (en
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黄凯
田小波
蒋小文
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant

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Abstract

The invention relates to the digital image information hiding and copyright protection field, and provides a printing and scanning resistant digital watermark method for a printed picture, which comprises watermark information embedding and watermark information extraction and is characterized in that the watermark information embedding is to firstly encrypt the watermark information through Arnold transformation, and then embed the watermark information into the frequency domain of the image by analyzing the DWT coefficient of the image before and after printing and scanning; the watermark information extraction is that firstly, the watermark information hidden in the frequency domain of the image is extracted by analyzing the DWT coefficient of the image before and after printing and scanning, and then the original watermark image is generated by Arnold inverse transformation processing. The watermark information security of the invention is high, the visual effect is good, and the robustness is good.

Description

Anti-printing scanning digital watermark method for printed picture
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of digital image information hiding and copyright protection, in particular to a printing scanning resistant digital watermark method for a printed picture.
Background
Images are visible everywhere in life, and the copyright protection of the images is very important, so that the image-oriented digital watermarking technology has attracted wide attention from birth, and a large number of excellent algorithms are developed to solve the problem of adding digital watermarks into the images. Especially the widespread use and flow of printed images, makes print resistant scanned image watermarks increasingly desirable.
At present, digital watermarking methods for images are mainly divided into two schemes based on a spatial domain and a frequency domain. The idea behind spatial domain based schemes is to perform watermark embedding by directly spatially changing certain features of the picture, such as pixel, grayscale, etc. The scheme has simple realization principle and small operation amount, but has poor robustness, and common attacks can destroy watermark information. The main idea of the scheme based on the frequency domain is to embed watermark information by using a transform domain coefficient of host data to ensure the robustness and good visual effect of the information after watermark embedding. Compared to the spatial domain based scheme, the frequency domain based scheme has the following characteristics:
a. the digital watermark embedded by the frequency domain scheme has stronger robustness and stronger attack resistance.
b. The digital watermark embedded by the frequency domain scheme has better concealment and good visual effect, and the watermark embedded in the frequency domain can be randomly distributed to the unimportant positions of the space domain, so that the visual effect is better.
c. The frequency domain scheme requires a trade-off between robustness and visual impact. The better the robustness is to be ensured, the greater the embedding strength of the watermark needs to be, so that the influence on the visual effect is greater; and vice versa.
d. The frequency domain scheme may be compatible with some image compression algorithms.
Some existing schemes are still insufficient in watermark robustness and visual effect, and the effect of watermark information on resisting printing and scanning is not obvious, so that printing and scanning attacks cannot be resisted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a printing scanning resistant digital watermark method for a printed picture, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
A print scanning resistant digital watermarking method for a printed picture comprises watermark information embedding and watermark information extraction, wherein the watermark information embedding is to encrypt the watermark information through Arnold transformation, and then embed the watermark information into the frequency domain of the image by analyzing the DWT coefficient of the image before and after printing and scanning; the watermark information extraction is that firstly, the watermark information hidden in the frequency domain of the image is extracted by analyzing the DWT coefficient of the image before and after printing and scanning, and then the original watermark image is generated by Arnold inverse transformation processing.
Further, the watermark information embedding specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, performing Arnold scrambling processing on a watermark image to generate a scrambled watermark image W, and then respectively extracting a black pixel point position set W in WBAnd a white pixel point position set WWThen, binarizing W, and recording a white pixel point as 1 and a black pixel point as 0 to obtain watermark information consisting of 0 and 1;
partitioning the host carrier image according to the size of the watermark image, and cutting the host carrier image into a plurality of m multiplied by m partitioned images, wherein m is more than 4 times of the size of the watermark image;
performing two-level discrete wavelet decomposition on each block image, obtaining an HH2 subband wavelet coefficient of the image subjected to the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition, storing the wavelet coefficient as a set X, and initializing X' ═ X;
and step four, performing watermark embedding on the image subjected to the two-stage discrete wavelet decomposition according to watermark information, wherein the watermark embedding formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002572801900000021
wherein k represents watermark embedding strength, and (i, j) represents the position of the wavelet coefficient of the watermark information embedded in the image after the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition, when the watermark information is embedded in the position (i, j), the wavelet coefficient of the position (i, j) is k, otherwise, the wavelet coefficient is-k, and the image after the watermark information is embedded in the HH2 domain of the image after the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition is obtained;
and step five, after the watermark information is embedded, replacing X with the wavelet coefficient X' embedded with the watermark information, restoring the block images by utilizing wavelet inverse transformation, and finally combining the block images to obtain the gray level image embedded with the watermark information.
Further, the watermark information extraction specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, partitioning a host carrier image according to the size of a watermark image, and cutting the host carrier image into a plurality of m multiplied by m partitioned images, wherein m is more than 4 times of the size of the watermark image;
step two, performing two-level discrete wavelet decomposition on each block image to obtain an HH2 subband frequency domain coefficient set X of the image subjected to the two-level discrete wavelet decompositionn，PWherein n represents the nth subgraph;
step three, according to the formula
Figure RE-GDA0002572801900000022
Extracting hidden watermark information in sub-band frequency-domain coefficients of each sub-graph HH2, where (i, j) represents coordinate position, WnRepresenting watermark information extracted from the nth sub-picture;
step four, carrying out subgraph weight calculation according to the edges, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure RE-GDA0002572801900000031
Wherein P isnWeight, N, representing the nth subgraphnThe number of edge points of the nth subgraph is shown, and Sum is the total number of edge points;
step five, combining watermark information according to the weight, wherein the calculation formula is Wp′(i，j)＝∑nPn× Wn(i, j) and
Figure RE-GDA0002572801900000032
wherein Wp(i, j) is watermark information generated after merging according to each subgraph weight;
step six, by pair Wp(i, j) performing an Arnold inverse transform process to generate the most primitive watermark image.
Has the advantages that:
the printing scanning-resistant digital watermark method for the printed picture has the advantages of high watermark information safety, good visual effect and good robustness.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of watermark embedding of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of watermark extraction according to the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a schematic representation of a Lena image of a host vector according to the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of an Arnold transformation according to the present invention;
FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of two Arnold transformations of the present invention;
FIG. 3d is a schematic representation of the three Arnold transformations of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of an original carrier image according to the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of a first level wavelet decomposition in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4c is a diagram of a second level wavelet decomposition in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4d is a schematic diagram of wavelet decomposition of a carrier image according to the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a watermark image of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is an image after embedding a watermark according to the present invention;
FIG. 5c is an extracted watermark image of the present invention;
FIG. 6a is an image after a print scan of the present invention;
fig. 6b is a watermark information effect image extracted after print scanning according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for print scanning resistant digital watermarking for printed pictures includes watermark information embedding and watermark information extraction.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3a to 3d, fig. 4a to 4d, fig. 5a to 5c, and fig. 6a to 6b, the watermark information embedding includes the following steps:
firstly, performing Arnold scrambling processing on a watermark image to generate a scrambled watermark image W, and then respectively extracting a black pixel point position set W in WBAnd a white pixel point position set WWThen, the W is binarized and white pixel points are recordedMaking 1, and marking the black pixel point as 0 to obtain watermark information consisting of 0 and 1;
partitioning the host gray level image according to the size of the watermark image, and cutting the host gray level image into a plurality of m multiplied by m partitioned images, wherein m is more than 4 times of the size of the watermark image so as to ensure that watermark information can be embedded into the partitioned images;
performing two-level discrete wavelet decomposition on each block image, obtaining an HH2 subband wavelet coefficient of the image subjected to the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition, storing the wavelet coefficient as a set X, and initializing X' ═ X;
performing watermark embedding on the image subjected to the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition according to the watermark information, wherein an embedding formula is shown as (1), wherein k represents watermark embedding strength, the higher k is, the higher the strength is, the higher the robustness of the watermark information is, but the corresponding visual effect is poorer, so that proper selection is required; wherein (i, j) represents the position of the wavelet coefficient of the watermark information embedded in the image after the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition, if the watermark information is 0 when the watermark information is embedded in the position (i, j), the wavelet coefficient of the position (i, j) is k; otherwise, the value is-k, and an image with watermark information embedded in the HH2 domain of the image after the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition is obtained;
Figure RE-GDA0002572801900000041
and step five, after the watermark information is embedded, replacing X with the wavelet coefficient X' embedded with the watermark information, restoring the block images by utilizing wavelet inverse transformation, and finally combining the block images to obtain the gray level image embedded with the watermark information.
The watermark information extraction comprises the following steps:
firstly, partitioning a host carrier image according to the size of a watermark image, and cutting the host carrier image into a plurality of m multiplied by m partitioned images, wherein m is more than 4 times of the size of the watermark image;
step two, performing two-level discrete wavelet decomposition on each block image to obtainTo the secondary discrete wavelet decomposed image HH2 subband frequency domain coefficient set Xn，PWherein n represents the nth subgraph;
step three, extracting the hidden watermark information in the sub-band frequency domain coefficient of each sub-graph HH2 according to formula (2), wherein (i, j) represents the coordinate position, WnRepresenting watermark information extracted from the nth sub-picture;
Figure RE-GDA0002572801900000051
fourthly, subgraph weight calculation is carried out according to the edges, the calculation formula is shown as a formula (3), wherein PnWeight, N, representing the nth subgraphnThe number of edge points of the nth subgraph is shown, and Sum is the total number of edge points;
Figure RE-GDA0002572801900000052
and step five, merging the watermark information according to the weight, wherein the calculation formula is shown as a formula (4) and a formula (5), wherein Wp(i, j) is watermark information generated after merging according to each subgraph weight;
W′p(i，j)＝∑nPn×Wn(i，j) (4)
Figure RE-GDA0002572801900000053
step six, by pair Wp(i, j) performing an Arnold inverse transform process to generate the most primitive watermark image.

Claims (3)

1. A print scanning resistant digital watermarking method for a printed picture comprises watermark information embedding and watermark information extraction, and is characterized in that the watermark information embedding is to encrypt the watermark information through Arnold transformation, and then embed the watermark information into the frequency domain of the image by analyzing the DWT coefficient of the image before and after printing and scanning; the watermark information extraction is that firstly, the watermark information hidden in the frequency domain of the image is extracted by analyzing the DWT coefficient of the image before and after printing and scanning, and then the original watermark image is generated by Arnold inverse transformation processing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the embedding of the watermark information specifically comprises the steps of:
firstly, performing Arnold scrambling processing on a watermark image to generate a scrambled watermark image W, and then respectively extracting a black pixel point position set W in WBAnd a white pixel point position set WWThen, binarizing W, and recording a white pixel point as 1 and a black pixel point as 0 to obtain watermark information consisting of 0 and 1;
partitioning the host carrier image according to the size of the watermark image, and cutting the host carrier image into a plurality of m multiplied by m partitioned images, wherein m is more than 4 times of the size of the watermark image;
performing two-level discrete wavelet decomposition on each block image, obtaining an HH2 subband wavelet coefficient of the image subjected to the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition, storing the wavelet coefficient as a set X, and initializing X' ═ X;
and step four, performing watermark embedding on the image subjected to the two-stage discrete wavelet decomposition according to watermark information, wherein the watermark embedding formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002493640350000011
wherein k represents watermark embedding strength, and (i, j) represents the position of the wavelet coefficient of the watermark information embedded in the image after the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition, when the watermark information is embedded in the position (i, j), the wavelet coefficient of the position (i, j) is k, otherwise, the wavelet coefficient is-k, and the image after the watermark information is embedded in the HH2 domain of the image after the two-level discrete wavelet decomposition is obtained;
and step five, after the watermark information is embedded, replacing X with the wavelet coefficient X' embedded with the watermark information, restoring the block images by utilizing wavelet inverse transformation, and finally combining the block images to obtain the gray level image embedded with the watermark information.
3. The method for print scanning resistant digital watermarking for printed pictures according to claim 1, wherein the watermark information extraction comprises the steps of:
firstly, partitioning a host carrier image according to the size of a watermark image, and cutting the host carrier image into a plurality of m multiplied by m partitioned images, wherein m is more than 4 times of the size of the watermark image;
step two, performing two-level discrete wavelet decomposition on each block image to obtain an HH2 subband frequency domain coefficient set X of the image subjected to the two-level discrete wavelet decompositionn，PWherein n represents the nth subgraph;
step three, according to the formula
Figure FDA0002493640350000021
Extracting hidden watermark information in sub-band frequency-domain coefficients of each sub-graph HH2, where (i, j) represents coordinate position, WnRepresenting watermark information extracted from the nth sub-picture;
step four, carrying out subgraph weight calculation according to the edges, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure FDA0002493640350000022
Wherein P isnWeight, N, representing the nth subgraphnThe number of edge points of the nth subgraph is shown, and Sum is the total number of edge points;
step five, merging the watermark information according to the weight, wherein the calculation formula is W'p(i，j)＝∑nPn×Wn(i, j) and
Figure FDA0002493640350000023
wherein Wp(i, j) is watermark information generated after merging according to each subgraph weight;
step six, by pair Wp(i, j) performing an Arnold inverse transform process to generate the most primitive watermark image.
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