CN111680925A - Method for evaluating cultivated land productivity - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the arable land productivity, which relates to the field of arable land evaluation, and in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps: 1) data acquisition and analysis; 2) searching the climate production potential; 3) calculating the natural quality coefficient of the cultivated land; 4) calculating the yield coefficient of cultivated land; 5) and (5) demarcating a cultivated land capacity index. The yield of the cultivated land can be evaluated objectively and comprehensively in a scientific system, so that the cultivation level of the cultivated land can be reflected more objectively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the yield of cultivated land, which mainly relates to the field of cultivated land evaluation.
Background
The repeated management of the quantity and quality of the cultivated land is the legal responsibility of the natural resource department, and the natural resource department perfects the strictest cultivated land protection system under the new situation and requirement and deeply promotes the ecological civilization construction. The strategy of 'storing grain in the ground and storing grain in the technology' is implemented, the three-in-one protection of the number, the quality and the ecology of the cultivated land is implemented, and the quality of the cultivated land and the content of the cultivated land capacity are further deeply known. The method is considered comprehensively from the national level, and perfects the existing investigation evaluation and monitoring index system of the quality of ploughed land, a sound, contained and complete scientific system, and an investigation evaluation technical system which is connected with an international system and is adaptive to a management system. But how to carry out scientific evaluation on the arable land capacity is a problem encountered at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the cultivated land productivity evaluation method which can be used for evaluating the cultivated land productivity more scientifically, systematically, objectively and comprehensively so as to reflect the cultivation level of the cultivated land more objectively.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the following steps: 1) data acquisition and analysis; 2) searching the climate production potential; 3) calculating the natural quality coefficient of the cultivated land; 4) calculating the yield coefficient of cultivated land; 5) And (5) demarcating a cultivated land capacity index.
Preferably, the content of the data collection and analysis in step 1) includes irrigation assurance degree, drainage condition, farm flood standard, disaster prevention level, agricultural organization level, agricultural management level and terraced field level.
Preferably, the searching for the climate production potential in step 2) comprises the crop light temperature (climate) production potential index α and the crop yield ratio coefficient β of the county.
Preferably, the natural quality coefficient of cultivated land in the step 3) comprises:
q＝Q′/100
q' -the farmland natural quality score which is the sum of the terrain features and the soil property score.
The secondary indexes of the natural quality of the cultivated land comprise the terrain position, the gradient of the field surface, the altitude, the thickness of an effective soil layer, the content of organic matters, the texture of a plough layer, the depth of a barrier layer from the earth surface, the configuration of a soil body, the volume weight of soil, soil nutrient elements, the pH value, the outcrop degree of earth surface rocks and the content of gravels, and the weight of each index is determined.
Preferably, step 4) technical level coefficients:
wi-the technical level ith secondary index normalized score; f. ofi-ith secondary index weight.
Preferably, the step 4) is used for calculating the farmland capacity index:
reflecting the climate conditions by using the climate production potential index and the crop yield ratio coefficient, taking the climate conditions as the basis of the farmland productivity evaluation, correcting the farmland productivity step by using the natural quality coefficient and the technical level coefficient of the farmland, calculating the farmland productivity, and adopting a functional formula:
p is the cultivated land productivity index;
αi-light temperature (climate) production potential index for the i crop;
βi-yield ratio coefficient for i crop;
q-cultivation natural quality coefficient;
t-technical level coefficient.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the scheme, the yield of the cultivated land can be evaluated objectively and comprehensively in a scientific system, and the evaluation angle is wider and more comprehensive, so that the cultivation level of the cultivated land can be reflected more objectively.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: 1) data acquisition and analysis; 2) searching the climate production potential; 3) Calculating the natural quality coefficient of the cultivated land; 4) calculating the yield coefficient of cultivated land; 5) and (5) demarcating a cultivated land capacity index.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. data collection and analysis
a) Degree of irrigation assurance
i. Data acquisition
The irrigation guarantee degree refers to the degree that expected irrigation water consumption can be fully met in perennial irrigation, the database is updated according to the grade year such as the cultivated land quality of the location, and the data is acquired by combining field observation and investigation.
Data processing
In ArcMap10.2, the farmland pattern spots are connected with XJFDDY layers in an annual updating database of annual farmland quality of the local region, and the GGBZCD fields are assigned.
Analysis of data
Combining the classification standard of the farmland quality and the farmland productivity evaluation index, dividing the irrigation guarantee degree of the farmland at the place into four grades according to the conditions of full satisfaction, basic satisfaction, general satisfaction and no irrigation, wherein the corresponding scores are respectively 100, 90, 70 and 40. Wherein, the number of cultivated land pattern spots with the first-grade cultivated land irrigation guarantee degree, namely the value of 100 points, is 5627, the area is 5688.98 hectare, and the proportion is 8.23%; the number of second-level farmland pattern spots with the score of 90 is 8410, the area is 10629.64 hectare, and the proportion is 15.38%; 7680 arable land patches with a third-level score of 70 points, 12447.97 hectares in area and 18.02 percent; the number of the four-level farmland pattern spots with the score of 40 is 52060, the area is 40327.54 hectare, and the percentage is 58.37%.
Statistical table of irrigation guarantee degree score of evaluated land
| Degree of irrigation assurance | Grade | Score value | Number of spots | Area of | Percentage of |
| Fully satisfy the requirements of | First stage | 100 | 5627 | 5688.98 | 8.23 |
| Substantially satisfy | Second stage | 90 | 8410 | 10629.64 | 15.38 |
| Generally satisfy | Three-stage | 70 | 7680 | 12447.97 | 18.02 |
| No irrigation condition | Four stages | 40 | 52606 | 40327.54 | 58.37 |
| Total up to | - | - | 74323 | 69094.13 | 100.00 |
b) Drainage conditions
i. Data acquisition
The drainage condition refers to the capability of effectively controlling and reducing the underground water level by ensuring the normal growth of crops and timely draining the surface water of the farmland, updating a database according to the year-by-year cultivated land quality of the evaluated land, building a statistical table of the high-standard farmland of the evaluated land, and acquiring the statistical table by combining with field observation and investigation.
Data processing
And obtaining the land information of each pattern spot from an annual updating database such as the annual cultivated land quality of the evaluated land, obtaining whether each pattern spot is used as a high standard farmland construction project or not from an annual high standard farmland construction statistical table of the evaluated land, setting the pattern spot for implementing the high standard farmland construction project as a first level, setting the non-implemented paddy field as a second level, and setting the dry land as a third level.
Analysis of data
Combining the classification standard of the farmland quality and the farmland productivity evaluation index, dividing the drainage condition of the evaluated farmland into four grades according to the fully sound, basically sound, generally sound and no-drainage conditions, wherein the corresponding scores are respectively 100, 90, 70 and 40. Wherein the drainage condition of the farmland to be evaluated is the first grade, namely the number of the pattern spots with the score of 100 is 9502, the area is 12943.61 hectare, and the proportion is 18.73 percent; the number of the second-level spots, namely the spots with the score of 90, is 20683, the area is 9256.4 hectare, and the proportion is 13.4 percent; the number of the spots with the third grade, namely the score of 70 is 44138, the area is 31507.97 hectare, and the proportion is 45.60%. .
Statistical table for drainage condition score of evaluated land
Unit: hectare%
| Drainage conditions | Grade | Score value | Number of spots | Area of | Percentage of |
| Is fully healthy and sound | First stage | 100 | 9502 | 12943.61 | 18.73 |
| Basic health | Second stage | 90 | 20683 | 24642.61 | 35.67 |
| General health | Three-stage | 70 | 44138 | 31507.97 | 45.60 |
| Non-drainage system | Four stages | 40 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total up to | - | - | 74323 | 69094.13 | 100.00 |
c) Flood control standard for farmland
i. Data acquisition
The farmland flood control standard refers to the flood defense standard required by the farmland flood control project, and is acquired by combining the water conservancy planning and planning report of the county-level farmland to be evaluated according to questionnaire survey.
Data processing
And carrying out farmland pattern spot assignment by taking the town as a unit according to a questionnaire filled in by the evaluation land and water bureau.
Analysis of data
Combining the classification standards of farmland quality and farmland productivity evaluation indexes, dividing farmland flood control standards of the evaluated farmland into four grades according to the conditions of not less than 20 years of meeting, 10-20 years of meeting, 5-10 years of meeting and less than 5 years of meeting, and respectively dividing the corresponding scores into 100, 90, 70 and 40. Wherein, the number of the pattern spots with the estimated farmland irrigation guarantee degree of three grades, namely the value of 70 points, is 74323, the area is 69094.13 hectare, and the proportion is 100.00 percent.
d) Level of disaster prevention and control
i. Data acquisition
The disaster prevention level refers to that some means or behaviors are artificially acquired to prevent or alleviate natural disasters such as wind disaster, drought disaster, flood disaster and the like, and are acquired according to questionnaire survey and by combining with the statistical yearbook of the evaluated area.
Data processing
And (4) assigning values to the cultivated land pattern spots by taking villages and towns as units according to a questionnaire.
Analysis of data
Combining the classification standard of the farmland quality and the farmland productivity evaluation indexes, dividing the disaster prevention level of the evaluated farmland in nearly five years into three grades according to the conditions of no influence on yield, small influence on yield and large influence on yield, wherein the corresponding scores are respectively 100, 80 and 40. Wherein the farmland disaster prevention level of the evaluated land is the first grade, namely the farmland pattern spots with the score value of 100 are 3068, the area is 3539.13 hectare, and the proportion is 5.12%; the number of cultivated land pattern spots with the second-level score of 80 is 71022, the area is 65315.06 hectares, and the proportion is 94.53%. The number of three-level farmland pattern spots with the score of 40 is 233, the area is 239.94 hectare, and the proportion is 0.35%.
e) Level of farming
i. Data acquisition
The related average mechanization degree in agricultural production, including mechanical tillage, mechanical sowing, mechanical harvesting and the like, is obtained according to the comprehensive mechanization level table of the crop cultivation harvesting in the evaluated field.
Data processing
And (4) carrying out average mechanization calculation according to the comprehensive mechanization level table of the crop cultivation and harvest in the evaluated land.
Analysis of data
Combining the classification standard of the farmland quality and the farmland productivity evaluation index, dividing the mean organization rate of the farmland farming organization level to be evaluated into four grades according to the percentage of more than or equal to 80 percent, 50-80 percent, 20-50 percent and less than 20 percent, and dividing the corresponding percentages into 100, 80, 60 and 20. Wherein, the farmland farming organization level of the evaluated land is two-grade, namely the farmland pattern spots with the value of 80 minutes are 30185, the area is 37586.16 hectare, and the proportion is 54.4 percent; the number of the three-level farmland pattern spots with the score of 60 is 44138, the area is 31507.97 hectare, and the proportion is 45.6%.
f) Level of agricultural management
i. Data acquisition
The agricultural management level refers to the comprehensive level of fine variety breeding, planting structure, soil testing, formula fertilization popularization, intertillage weeding, fertilizer and water saving irrigation, pest control and the like, and is obtained according to data provided by an agricultural technology station.
Data processing
And assigning values to the arable land pattern spots by taking the towns as a unit according to questionnaires filled in the agricultural technical stations of the evaluated land and combining with the questionnaires of the towns.
Analysis of data
Combining the classification standard of the farmland quality and the farmland productivity evaluation indexes, dividing the agriculture management level of the evaluated farmland into three grades according to higher, general and lower grades, wherein the corresponding scores are respectively 100, 70 and 30. Wherein, the number of pattern spots of farmland with the two-level agronomic management level of the evaluated farmland, namely the value of 70 points, is 53740, the area is 50579.07 hectare, and the percentage is 73.2%; the number of the three-level farmland pattern spots with the score of 30 is 20583, the area is 18515.06 hectare, and the proportion is 26.8%.
2. Evaluation procedure
a) Finding out light-temperature (climate) production potential
And (3) calculating a crop light-temperature (climate) production potential index alpha of the county according to a method in agricultural geological quality grading regulations and searching a crop yield ratio coefficient beta from an agricultural land grading database.
Tables of merit designation of crop production potential index and yield ratio coefficient
| Specifying crop names | Light and temperature potential index α | Yield ratio coefficient β |
| Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress | 1663 | 1 |
| Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | 634 | 1.1 |
| Corn (corn) | 1771 | 0.93 |
| Sweet potato | 3662 | 0.2 |
b) Calculating the natural quality coefficient of cultivated land
Calculating the formula:
q＝Q′/100
in the formula:
q' -the farmland natural quality score which is the sum of the terrain features and the soil property score.
And determining 13 secondary indexes of the natural quality of the cultivated land by scoring by experts and combining with the actual situation of the evaluated land, wherein the two secondary indexes are respectively the terrain position, the field surface gradient, the altitude, the effective soil layer thickness, the organic matter content, the texture of a cultivated layer, the depth of a barrier layer from the earth surface, the soil body configuration, the soil volume weight, the soil nutrient elements, the pH value, the earth surface rock outcrop degree, the gravel content and the like.
Index weight table for natural quality index of cultivated land
And finally calculating to obtain the natural quality coefficient of the cultivated land of 0.73-0.97 according to the calculation formula and the corresponding value and weight of the secondary index. Wherein the cultivated land area with the natural quality coefficient of 0.85-1 is 54406.51 hectares, and the proportion is 78.74 percent; the cultivated land area with the coefficient of 0.7-0.85 is 14687.62 hectare, accounting for 21.26%.
The natural quality coefficient of the farmland to be evaluated shows an increasing trend overall, the minimum value is 0.73, the maximum value is 0.97, the difference is 0.24, the coefficients are mainly distributed between 0.85 and 0.97, and the distribution difference of the natural quality coefficient of the farmland is obvious.
3. Calculating a technical level coefficient
Calculating the formula:
in the formula:
wi-the technical level ith secondary index normalized score;
fi-ith secondary index weight.
And (3) determining 6 secondary indexes of technical level by expert scoring and combining with the actual situation of the evaluated land, wherein the two secondary indexes are respectively irrigation guarantee degree, drainage condition, farmland flood control standard, disaster prevention and control level, agricultural organization level and agricultural management level.
Technical level index weight table
And finally calculating to obtain the technical level coefficient of 0.59-0.9 according to the calculation formula, the corresponding value of the secondary index and the weight. Wherein the arable land area with the technical level coefficient of 0.85-1 is 5508.74 hectare, accounting for 2.05%; the cultivated land area with the coefficient of 0.70-0.85 is 29149.23 hectare, and accounts for 85.16%; the area of the plowed land with the coefficient less than or equal to 0.70 is 34436.16 hectares, accounting for 12.8 percent.
The technical level coefficient of the evaluated farmland is between 0.59 and 0.9, the difference is 0.31, and the technical level coefficient distribution of the farmland is remarkably different. The technical level coefficient of the farmland to be evaluated has obvious spatial differentiation, and the central part and the north part are superior to the south part in general.
4. Calculating the yield index of cultivated land
And a step-by-step correction method is adopted. And reflecting the climatic conditions by using the light-temperature (climate) production potential index and the crop yield ratio coefficient, taking the climatic conditions as the basis of the arable land productivity evaluation, and correcting the arable land productivity step by using the natural quality coefficient and the technical level coefficient of the arable land to calculate the arable land productivity. Adopting a functional formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
p is the cultivated land productivity index;
αi-light temperature (climate) production potential index for the i crop;
βi-yield ratio coefficient for i crop;
q-cultivation natural quality coefficient;
t-technical level coefficient.
5. Determine the productivity and the like
And dividing the arable land capacity into 1, 2, … … 15 and the like according to the arable land capacity index.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A farmland capacity evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) data acquisition and analysis;
2) searching the climate production potential;
3) calculating the natural quality coefficient of the cultivated land;
4) calculating the yield coefficient of cultivated land;
5) and (5) demarcating a cultivated land capacity index.
2. The arable land productivity evaluation method of claim 1, wherein: the content of the data acquisition and analysis in the step 1) comprises irrigation guarantee degree, drainage condition, farmland flood control standard, disaster prevention and control level, agricultural and chemical level, agricultural management level and terraced field level.
3. The arable land productivity evaluation method of claim 1, wherein: the climate production potential searched in the step 2) comprises a crop light-temperature (climate) production potential index alpha and a crop yield ratio coefficient beta of the county.
4. The arable land productivity evaluation method of claim 1, wherein: step 3), the natural quality coefficient of cultivated land comprises:
q＝Q'/100
q' -the farmland natural quality score which is the sum of the terrain features and the soil property score.
The secondary indexes of the natural quality of the cultivated land comprise the terrain position, the gradient of the field surface, the altitude, the thickness of an effective soil layer, the content of organic matters, the texture of a plough layer, the depth of a barrier layer from the ground surface, the configuration of a soil body, the volume weight of the soil, soil nutrient elements, the pH value, the outcrop degree of ground surface rocks and the content of gravels, and the weight of each index is determined.
5. The arable land productivity evaluation method of claim 1, wherein: step 4), technical level coefficient:
wi-the technical level ith secondary index normalized score;
fi-ith secondary index weight.
6. The arable land productivity evaluation method of claim 1, wherein: step 4), calculating the cultivated land capacity index:
reflecting the climate conditions by using the climate production potential index and the crop yield ratio coefficient, taking the climate conditions as the basis of the farmland productivity evaluation, correcting the farmland productivity step by using the natural quality coefficient and the technical level coefficient of the farmland, calculating the farmland productivity, and adopting a functional formula:
p is the cultivated land productivity index;
αi-light temperature (climate) production potential index for the i crop;
βi-yield ratio coefficient for i crop;
q-cultivation natural quality coefficient;
t-technical level coefficient.
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