CN111678883A - Marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on HY-1C satellite CZI algae index - Google Patents
Marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on HY-1C satellite CZI algae index Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on an HY-1C satellite CZI algae index, and relates to the technical field of algae identification. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the L1B data of the CZI of an HY-1C satellite; calculating NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI according to the L1B data; and judging the type of the marine large floating algae according to the NDVI, the GFAI and the DGFAI. According to the method, the algae type is automatically identified according to the data of L1B of the CZI of the HY-1C satellite, short wave infrared band data information is not needed, subjective judgment of visual interpretation is not needed, the identification accuracy is high, and the identification efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of algae identification, in particular to a marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on an HY-1C satellite CZI algae index.
Background
Satellite remote sensing of marine macroalgae is mainly based on the recognition of marine macroalgae "present" and "absent". The widely used discrimination methods mainly include:
(1) and (2) a normalized vegetation index (English is abbreviated as 'NDVI') discrimination method. The method is widely applied, NDVI is calculated by utilizing the reflectivity of satellite near infrared and red light wave bands, a threshold value is set, and the marine target with the NDVI larger than the threshold value is judged as marine large-scale floating algae;
(2) floating Algae Index method (English name: Floating Algae Index, abbreviated as "FAI"). The method utilizes red light, near infrared and short wave infrared band reflectivity to calculate the height of the near infrared band reflectivity relative to the red light and short wave infrared reflectivity baseline, the height is defined as FAI, and whether the observed ground object is marine floating algae is judged according to the value of the FAI. The method has the advantage of being insensitive to marine environment and observation conditions.
(3) The Maximum Chlorophyll Index method (English name: Maximum chlorophyl Index) is a method for distinguishing large-sized seaweeds in sea areas such as gulf of Mexico, which is proposed by MERIS and is used for judging whether an observed ground feature is a large-sized seaweed or not by calculating the baseline height of radiance at 709nm relative to radiance at 681nm and 754nm of remote sensing data.
In addition to the above methods for identifying marine large floating algae with quantitative index values, there are also image identification methods such as pseudo color synthesis (FRGB), which use the reflectance of red, near infrared and blue light bands to synthesize a pseudo color image and stretch the image to identify marine algae.
In the remote sensing identification method for the marine large-scale floating algae, the NDVI method is simple to use, has lower requirements on remote sensing image calibration precision and atmospheric correction, and can be influenced by marine environment and the like; the remote sensing data information used by the FAI method and the FRGB method is remote sensing reflectance corrected by Rayleigh atmosphere, wherein the FAI method needs to use short wave infrared spectrum information. The spectrum section used by the MCI method is only suitable for MERIS remote sensing data. The information of the FRGB method cannot distinguish enteromorpha and gulfweed from remote sensing images.
Therefore, the marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on the alga index of the HY-1C satellite CZI is designed, algae can be automatically identified, artificial subjective intervention is not needed, and the technical problem which needs to be solved at present is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on an HY-1C satellite CZI algae index, which can automatically identify algae without artificial subjective intervention.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on an HY-1C satellite CZI algae index, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the L1B data of the CZI of an HY-1C satellite;
calculating NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI according to the data of L1B;
and judging the type of the marine large floating algae according to the NDVI, the GFAI and the DGFAI.
In an alternative embodiment, where the L1B data includes radiance and solar zenith angle, the step of calculating NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI from the L1B data includes:
calculating the reflectivity of the wave band according to the radiance and the zenith angle of the sun;
from the reflectance, the NDVI is calculated.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of calculating NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI from the L1B data comprises:
acquiring a reflectance Rrc of a wave band subjected to atmospheric Rayleigh scattering correction from L1B data;
calculating GFAI according to the reflection ratio Rrc;
DGFAI is calculated according to GFAI.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of determining the type of marine large floating algae based on NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI comprises:
judging whether the NDVI is more than or equal to the NDVIAWherein NDVIAIs a first threshold value;
when NDVI is more than or equal to NDVIAWhen the floating matter is present, it is judged as algae.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of determining that the float is algae comprises:
judging whether DGFAI exists<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1；
When DGFAI<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1Then, the algae is judged to be gulfweed.
In an alternative embodiment, a determination is made as to whether DGFAI is present<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1After the step (2), comprising:
when DGFAI is not satisfied<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1Then, judge whether or not DGFAI is present>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1；
When DGFAI>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1Then, the algae is judged to be gulfweed.
In an alternative embodiment, a determination is made as to whether DGFAI is present>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1After the step (2), comprising:
when DGFAI is not satisfied>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1Then, judge whether or not DGFAI is present>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1；
When DGFAI>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1And judging the algae to be enteromorpha.
In an alternative embodiment, a determination is made as to whether DGFAI is present>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1After the step (2), comprising:
when DGFAI is not satisfied>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1Then, judge whether or not DGFAI is present<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1；
When DGFAI<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1And judging the algae to be enteromorpha.
In an alternative embodiment, a determination is made as to whether DGFAI is present<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1After the step (2), comprising:
when DGFAI is not satisfied<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1And judging the algae to be gulfweed or enteromorpha according to the algae types in the adjacent sea areas.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of determining whether the algae is gulfweed or enteromorpha according to the algae type of the adjacent sea area comprises:
when the algae type of the adjacent sea area is gulfweed gathering area, judging the algae to be gulfweed;
when the algae type in the adjacent sea area is the enteromorpha prolifera gathering area, judging the algae to be enteromorpha prolifera;
and when the algae types of the adjacent sea areas are not the gulfweed accumulation area and the enteromorpha accumulation area, judging the algae to be undetermined algae.
The marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on the alga index of HY-1C satellite CZI provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the algae type is automatically identified according to the data of L1B of the CZI of the HY-1C satellite, short wave infrared band data information is not needed, subjective judgment of visual interpretation is not needed, the identification accuracy is high, and the identification efficiency is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of Rrc curves of various wave bands of Sargassum and its adjacent water body CZI;
FIG. 2 is an Rrc curve of each wave band of Enteromorpha prolifera and adjacent water body CZI thereof;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the GFAI index distribution of gulfweed;
FIG. 4 is a GFAI index distribution curve of Enteromorpha prolifera;
FIG. 5 is a DGFAI index profile of gulfweed;
FIG. 6 is a DGFAI index distribution curve of Enteromorpha prolifera;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the main steps of the marine Enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on the alga index of HY-1C satellite CZI provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a specific execution flow chart of the method for identifying enteromorpha maritime and gulfweed based on the alga index of the HY-1C satellite CZI provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the existing remote sensing identification method of marine large floating algae, an NDVI method can be influenced by marine environment and the like. The remote sensing data information used by the FAI method and the FRGB method is remote sensing reflectance corrected by Rayleigh atmosphere, wherein the FAI method needs to use short wave infrared spectrum information. The spectrum section used by the MCI method is only suitable for MERIS remote sensing data. The information of the FRGB method cannot distinguish enteromorpha and gulfweed from remote sensing images. Therefore, the existing identification methods have various defects.
The embodiment of the invention provides a marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on an HY-1C satellite CZI algae index, which is used for identifying whether marine macroalgae in the yellow sea and the east sea are enteromorpha and gulfweed or not by utilizing the data of L1B of the CZI of the HY-1C satellite without manual subjective intervention.
Through research: the enteromorpha prolifera and the gulfweed have strong reflection in a near infrared band relative to a visible light band relative to a water body, and the enteromorpha prolifera has relatively strong reflection in a green light position relative to the water body and the gulfweed. Therefore, for HY-1C satellite CZI identification of enteromorpha and gulfweed, NDVI can be used for identification, and the expression of the NDVI is as follows:
in the formula, ρNRAnd ρRRespectively, the reflectivity of the near infrared and red light bands. CZI corresponds to bands with center wavelengths of 825nm and 650nm, i.e., the 4 th and 3 rd bands, respectively.
The characteristic Index of CZI is defined as Green Floating Algae Index (English name: Green Floating Algae Index, abbreviated as GFAI) by the spectral difference of enteromorpha and gulfweed in Green light wave band, and the expression of GFAI is as follows:
where Rrc (λ) is the remote reflectance at the wavelength λ band after atmospheric Rayleigh correction. The physical meaning of the index is the height of the reflectance ratio Rrc of a green wave band relative to the baseline of the remote reflectance ratio Rrc of red and blue wave bands. And the GFAI value of the enteromorpha is larger than that of the bimaleanum.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a graph showing the rcs of each waveband of gulfweed and adjacent water CZI thereof, and fig. 2 is a graph showing the rcs of each waveband of enteromorpha and adjacent water CZI thereof. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the reflectivity of the enteromorpha in the green light band is relatively high compared with that of the gulfweed and the water body, wherein the green light band is the CZI band of 560 nm. Therefore, FGAI can be used as one of the identification indexes of enteromorpha and gulfweed.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a GFAI index distribution curve of gulfweed, and fig. 4 is a GFAI index distribution curve of enteromorpha. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the GFAI index of most enteromorpha prolifera is higher than that of gulfweed, but the GFAI index cannot completely identify enteromorpha prolifera and gulfweed. Because the GFAI index of enteromorpha and gulfweed under different circumstances may be close to or have an overlapping region.
In the CZI remote sensing true color synthetic diagram and the spectral curve thereof, the color characteristics of the image are that the enteromorpha is green relative to the water body, and the gulfweed is brown or brown. In the true color synthetic image remote sensing image, the enteromorpha is green, and the gulfweed is brown, because the green light wave band of the reflection spectrum of the enteromorpha is in red, green and blue three-channel synthesis, and the signal of the green light wave band is strong relative to the water body. In contrast, green band signals of gulfweed are weak relative to the water body. Thus, the GFAI differential Index (Index: Difference of Green flowing Algae Index, abbreviated as "DGFAI") is defined and is expressed by the formula:
DGFAI＝GFAIA-GFAIW
in the formula, GFAIAThe image is GFAI of the picture element of the CZI remote sensing image identified as marine macroalgae by an NDVI discrimination method; GFAIWThe average value of GFAI of the water body adjacent to the algae pixel, wherein the GFAIWThe determination rule of (1) is: and in a specific range of 10 pixels, if the pixel without the water body is in the specific range, the pixel is expanded outwards until the number of the pixel is not less than 10.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is a DGFAI index distribution curve of gulfweed, and fig. 6 is a DGFAI index distribution curve of enteromorpha. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the DGFAI index of enteromorpha is mostly positive, and the DGFAI index of gulfweed is mostly negative, and the remote sensing image thereof is characterized in that the enteromorpha is green relative to the adjacent water body, and the gulfweed is brown or darker relative to the adjacent water body.
The indexes GFAI and DGFAI can distinguish most enteromorpha and gulfweed, but few situations can exist, such as underwater enteromorpha or gulfweed, algae under the turbid water body, which cannot be determined and distinguished by GFAI and DGFAI, therefore, the gathering characteristic of large floating algae on the sea can be utilized, algae remote sensing pixels which cannot be determined can be searched for the algae attribute of the pixels nearby, and the algae attribute which cannot be determined can be attributed to the algae species of the nearby sea area, such as the enteromorpha or gulfweed.
Referring to fig. 7, according to the above theoretical basis and method analysis, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying marine enteromorpha and gulfweed based on an alga index of an HY-1C satellite CZI, which is mainly suitable for identifying large floating algae in the yellow sea and the east sea, and the method mainly includes the following steps:
s100: L1B data for CZI for HY-1C satellites is acquired.
All of the CZIs are called "coast Zone Imager", and the CZIs are Coastal Zone imagers of HY-1C satellites.
S200: from the L1B data, NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI were calculated.
The respective calculation formulas for NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI are as described above.
S300: and judging the type of the marine large floating algae according to NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI.
Wherein the algae type of the flotage can be Enteromorpha, Sargassum and indeterminate algae.
Referring to fig. 8, based on the main steps of fig. 7, a specific implementation flow of the method for identifying enteromorpha and gulfweed on the sea based on the alga index of the HY-1C satellite CZI according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
s1: L1B data for CZI for HY-1C satellites is acquired.
S2: and calculating the reflectivity of the wave band according to the radiance and the zenith angle of the sun.
S3: and carrying out cloud identification on the L1B data, and eliminating cloud data.
After S3, on the one hand, S4 is performed: land and water masks and observation area masks.
After S4, perform S5: from the reflectance, the NDVI is calculated.
Specifically, the NDVI is calculated by using the reflectivities of the red and near-infrared bands and using the above expression of NDVI.
S6: judging whether the NDVI is more than or equal to the NDVIA。
Wherein NDVIAThe first threshold may be specifically determined according to data, and may be changed when the scaling factor is changed or the performance of the instrument changes with time, in this embodiment, the NDVIAIs 0.35.
When NDVI is more than or equal to NDVIAIf so, then execution proceeds to S7: the floating material is judged to be algae.
Wherein, after S7, S9 is performed.
After S3, on the one hand, S8 is performed: and acquiring the reflectance Rrc of the wave band after atmospheric Rayleigh scattering correction from the L1B data.
S9: from the reflectance Rrc, GFAI and DGFAI are calculated.
The GFAI and DGFAII calculations are as described above.
S10: judging whether DGFAI exists<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1。
When DGFAI<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1Then, the algae is judged to be gulfweed.
When DGFAI is not satisfied<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1Then, S11 is executed: judging whether DGFAI exists>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1。
When DGFAI>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1Then, the algae is judged to be gulfweed.
When DGFAI is not satisfied>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1Then, S12 is executed: judging whether DGFAI exists>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1。
When DGFAI>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1And judging the algae to be enteromorpha.
When DGFAI is not satisfied>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1Then, S13 is executed: judging whether DGFAI exists<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1。
When DGFAI<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1And judging the algae to be enteromorpha.
When DGFAI is not satisfied<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1Then, S14 is executed: and judging the algae types in the adjacent sea areas.
Specifically, when the algae type of the adjacent sea area is gulfweed gathering area, the algae is judged to be gulfweed; when the algae type in the adjacent sea area is the enteromorpha prolifera gathering area, judging the algae to be enteromorpha prolifera; and when the algae types of the adjacent sea areas are not the gulfweed accumulation area and the enteromorpha accumulation area, judging the algae to be undetermined algae.
In S14, pixels which are not judged to be gulfweed or enteromorpha are sequentially searched within a range of 100km, and the number of the pixels which are definitely judged to be gulfweed and enteromorpha is determined. If the proportion of the gulfweed or the enteromorpha exceeds 55 percent, the pixel is judged as corresponding algae. Pixels that remain undetermined as algae are labeled as undetermined algae.
The marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on the alga index of the HY-1C satellite CZI provided by the embodiment has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the remote sensing image characteristic index DGFAI for distinguishing the enteromorpha and the gulfweed, the enteromorpha and the gulfweed can be easily identified, and the identification accuracy is high;
2. according to the data of L1B of the CZI of the HY-1C satellite, the algae types are automatically identified, short wave infrared band data information is not needed, subjective judgment of visual interpretation is not needed, the identification accuracy is high, and the identification efficiency is high.
The technical core of the identification method provided by the embodiment is as follows: according to the DGFAI index and the corresponding threshold value or parameter, the type of the algae is accurately judged, and the effect of automatically, accurately and efficiently identifying the algae is realized. Those skilled in the art can make some extended schemes according to the technical core of the present embodiment, however, these extended schemes are all based on the technical core of the present embodiment, and these extended schemes should all belong to the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A marine enteromorpha and gulfweed identification method based on an HY-1C satellite CZI algae index is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the L1B data of the CZI of an HY-1C satellite;
calculating NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI according to the L1B data;
and judging the type of the marine large floating algae according to the NDVI, the GFAI and the DGFAI.
2. The method of claim 1 for identifying sea enteromorpha and gulfweed based on algal index of HY-1C satellite CZI, wherein the L1B data includes radiance and solar zenith angle, and the step of calculating NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI from the L1B data includes:
calculating the reflectivity of a wave band according to the radiance and the solar zenith angle;
and calculating the NDVI according to the reflectivity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating NDVI, GFAI and DGFAI from the L1B data comprises:
acquiring a reflectance Rrc of a wave band subjected to atmospheric Rayleigh scattering correction from the L1B data;
calculating the GFAI according to the reflectance Rrc;
and calculating the DGFAI according to the GFAI.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the type of marine large floating algae based on the NDVI, the GFAI, and the DGFAI comprises:
judging whether the NDVI is more than or equal to the NDVIAWherein NDVIAIs a first threshold value;
when NDVI is more than or equal to NDVIAWhen the floating matter is present, it is judged as algae.
5. The method for identifying sea enteromorpha and gulfweed based on algal index of HY-1C satellite CZI according to claim 4, wherein the step of determining floaters as algae comprises the following steps:
judging whether DGFAI exists<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1；
When DGFAI<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1Then, the algae is judged to be gulfweed.
6. The method of claim 5 for identifying sea enteromorpha and gulfweed based on algal index of HY-1C satellite CZI, wherein the determination of whether or not DGFAI is present<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1After the step (2), comprising:
when DGFAI is not satisfied<0 and GFAI<0.003Sr-1Then, judge whether or not DGFAI is present>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1；
When DGFAI>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1Then, the algae is judged to be gulfweed.
7. The method of claim 6 for identifying sea enteromorpha and gulfweed based on algal index of HY-1C satellite CZI, wherein the determining of whether DGFAI is present or not>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1After the step (2), comprising:
when DGFAI is not satisfied>0 and GFAI<0.002Sr-1Then, judge whether or not DGFAI is present>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1；
When DGFAI>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1And judging the algae to be enteromorpha.
8. Marine Enteromorpha and gulfweed based on algal index of HY-1C satellite CZI according to claim 7The identification method is characterized in that whether DGFAI exists or not is judged>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1After the step (2), comprising:
when DGFAI is not satisfied>0 and GFAI>0.005Sr-1Then, judge whether or not DGFAI is present<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1；
When DGFAI<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1And judging the algae to be enteromorpha.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining of DGFAI is performed based on the algal index of HY-1C satellite CZI<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1After the step (2), comprising:
when DGFAI is not satisfied<0 and GFAI>0.007Sr-1And judging the algae to be gulfweed or enteromorpha according to the algae types in the adjacent sea areas.
10. The method for identifying sea enteromorpha and gulfweed based on HY-1C satellite CZI algae index according to claim 9, wherein the step of judging whether the algae is gulfweed or enteromorpha according to the algae type of the adjacent sea area comprises:
when the algae type of the adjacent sea area is gulfweed gathering area, judging the algae to be gulfweed;
when the algae type in the adjacent sea area is the enteromorpha prolifera gathering area, judging the algae to be enteromorpha prolifera;
and when the algae types of the adjacent sea areas are not the gulfweed accumulation area and the enteromorpha accumulation area, judging the algae to be undetermined algae.
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 张正龙: "我国黄、东海浒苔和马尾藻的遥感鉴别及绿潮发生过程研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑》 * |
| 梁超 等: "基于HY-1C CZI影像光谱指数重构数据MNF变换的红树林提取", 《海洋学报》 * |
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