CN111678783B - Model and method for measuring upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense of urban wall - Google Patents

Model and method for measuring upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense of urban wall Download PDF

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CN111678783B
CN111678783B CN202010411313.1A CN202010411313A CN111678783B CN 111678783 B CN111678783 B CN 111678783B CN 202010411313 A CN202010411313 A CN 202010411313A CN 111678783 B CN111678783 B CN 111678783B
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urban
urban wall
air defense
civil air
load
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CN111678783A (en
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张德恒
徐奋强
李新民
张伟
章艳
朱伟豪
杨波
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a model and a method for measuring an upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense work of a city wall, which belong to the technical field of load detection and aim to solve the technical problem that the load transfer coefficient of the civil air defense work inside the city wall cannot be effectively detected because the city wall is huge in volume and cannot damage the original soil body of the city wall in the prior art. The model comprises a strain gauge and a reduced scale model of a target urban wall, wherein the reduced scale model comprises an urban wall abutment, an urban wall body and a brick arch, the urban wall body is arranged above the urban wall abutment, and the brick arch is arranged between the urban wall abutment and the urban wall body; the bottom of the brick arch is provided with a jack, the top of the urban wall body is provided with a load loading device, a force transmission column or/and a soil pressure box is arranged in the urban wall body, and the strain gauge is electrically connected with the force transmission column or/and the soil pressure box.

Description

Model and method for measuring upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense of urban wall
Technical Field
The invention relates to a model and a method for measuring upper load transfer coefficients of civil air defense works of urban walls, and belongs to the technical field of load detection.
Background
The urban wall is mostly built in the clear period and even earlier, the interior is mainly formed by stacking bricks, civil air defense works are built in the urban wall in the last century of 60-70 years due to historical reasons, the construction process is simpler and has no design standard reference, only simpler construction drawings are adopted, the safety of the civil air defense works at present has a certain influence on the stability of the original urban wall, the bearing capacity of the civil air defense works is detected, and the safety of the civil air defense works is evaluated to become a new challenge. In order to calculate the security of the civil air defense structure, firstly, the transfer rule of urban wall load in the internal soil body needs to be clarified, and the Ponniah assumes 4 soil-structure interaction modes, wherein one mode is that the load passes through the filler to be dispersed, and the load is dispersed in the process of transferring through the soil body due to the dispersion effect, so that the stress born by the vault is far smaller than the applied stress. However, the theory is based on underground engineering and mountain tunnels, rock mass is relatively stable, and bricks are piled up in urban walls, so that the theory of soil-structure interaction can not be simply carried, and therefore, for detecting the load transmission mode in ancient urban walls, the urban walls cannot be detected and the stress characteristics of civil air defense can not be calculated because the urban walls have huge volumes and cannot damage the original soil mass of the urban walls. At present, a detection and calculation method suitable for civil air defense engineering load transfer coefficients in urban walls is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a model and a method for measuring the load transfer coefficient at the upper part of civil air defense work of a city wall, which are used for solving the technical problem that the load transfer coefficient of the civil air defense work inside the city wall cannot be effectively detected because the city wall has huge volume and cannot damage the original soil body of the city wall in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the model comprises a strain gauge and a reduced scale model of a target urban wall, wherein the reduced scale model comprises an urban wall abutment, an urban wall body and a brick arch, the urban wall body is arranged above the urban wall abutment, and the brick arch is arranged between the urban wall abutment and the urban wall body;
the bottom of the brick arch is provided with a jack, the top of the urban wall body is provided with a load loading device, a force transmission column or/and a soil pressure box is arranged in the urban wall body, and the strain gauge is electrically connected with the force transmission column or/and the soil pressure box.
Further, the force transmission columns or/and the soil pressure boxes are not less than two and are distributed at equal intervals in the vertical direction.
Further, the urban wall system comprises a hard plate which is pressed between the urban wall body and the load loading device, and the hard plate comprises a steel plate.
Further, the concrete arch comprises a hard arch frame pressed between the brickwork arch and the jack, and the hard arch frame comprises a steel arch frame.
Further, the load loading device is a linear heap loading device including a water tub to which a linear injection water load is applied.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention also provides a method for measuring the upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense of urban wall, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a load transfer coefficient of the reduced scale model;
and deducing the load transfer coefficient of the upper part of the civil air defense of the target urban wall according to the scale ratio of the scale model to the target urban wall by the load transfer coefficient of the scale model.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
based on the load transfer coefficient of the upper part of the civil air defense of the target city wall, the load of the top of the civil air defense of the target city wall is calculated;
based on the load at the top of the target urban wall civil air defense, the internal force of the target urban wall civil air defense is obtained, wherein the internal force comprises bending moment, shearing force and axial force.
Further, the bending moment is expressed as follows:
the shear force is expressed as follows:
the axial force is expressed as follows:
wherein θ is an acute angle between a tangent line of an axis at a certain point of a cross section of the target urban wall civil air defense and a horizontal line, M (θ) is a bending moment at the θ angle, Q (θ) is a shearing force at the θ angle, N (θ) is an axial force at the θ angle, R is a radius of the target urban wall civil air defense, Q is a load at the top of the target urban wall civil air defense, and K 1 (theta) is the bending reduction coefficient, K of the artificial protection with different section strength 2 (theta) is the bond shear strength reduction coefficient of the artificial masonry, K 3 And (theta) is the compressive strength reduction coefficient of the shaft center of the artificial proof masonry structure.
Further, the method for obtaining the load transfer coefficient of the reduced scale model comprises the following steps:
maintaining longitudinal zero displacement of the brick arch, and applying longitudinal load to the urban wall body through a load loading device, wherein the longitudinal load is gradually increased until the brick arch is damaged;
before the brick arch is damaged, the stress transmitted into the urban wall body by the longitudinal load is obtained through a force transmission column or/and a soil pressure box;
and extracting the obtained stress by a strain gauge, and drawing a transfer rule curve of the longitudinal load in the urban wall body based on the extracted stress.
Further, a method of maintaining longitudinal zero displacement of a masonry arch, comprising: and applying longitudinal supporting force to the brickwork arch through the jack.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a model for measuring the load transfer coefficient of the upper part of urban wall civil air defense, and also provides a method for measuring the load transfer coefficient of the upper part of urban wall civil air defense. Based on the model and the method, the transmission law of the load in the internal soil body can be simulated and detected under the condition of not damaging the ancient city wall body, and the obtained general law can be used for a batch of city wall bodies with the same structure and the same material, and has profound influence on the protection and cultural inheritance of the ancient city wall.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a model embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. urban wall abutment; 2. urban wall body; 3. building a brick arch; 4. a steel arch; 5. a jack; 6. a force transmission column; 7. a soil pressure box; 8. a strain gauge; 9. a steel plate; 10. and a load loading device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "front", "back", "left", "right", "upper", "lower" as used in the description of the present invention refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner", "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a particular component, respectively.
The technical idea of the invention is as follows: firstly, designing a reduced scale model of a city wall, and measuring a load transfer coefficient of the reduced scale model; and deducing the load transfer coefficient of civil air defense engineering in the urban wall from the load transfer coefficient of the reduced scale model based on the reduced scale proportion of the reduced scale model.
Based on the technical thought, the invention provides a model for measuring the upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense construction of an urban wall, which is shown in fig. 1 and is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the model, wherein the model is a scaled model of a real urban wall and comprises an urban wall abutment 1, an urban wall body 2, a brickwork arch 3, a steel arch 4, a jack 5, a force transmission column 6, a soil pressure box 7, a strain gauge 8, a steel plate 9 and a load loading device 10, the urban wall body 2 is arranged above the urban wall abutment 1, the brickwork arch 3 is arranged between the urban wall abutment 1 and the urban wall body 2, the steel arch 4 is arranged at the bottom of the brickwork arch 3, and the jack 5 is arranged at the lower part of the steel arch 4. The load loading device 10 is arranged at the top of the urban wall body 2, and the steel plate 9 is pressed between the load loading device 10 and the urban wall body 2. The force transmission column 6 and the soil pressure boxes 7 are respectively arranged in the urban wall body 2, and the strain gauges 8 are respectively and electrically connected with the force transmission column 6 and the soil pressure boxes 7.
More specifically, the jack 5, the force transmission column 6, the soil pressure box 7 and the strain gauge 8 are all common tool types in engineering, and the proper measuring range is ensured. The urban wall body 2 is required to be determined according to the simulated actual urban wall, for example, the ancient wall is constructed by rammed earth with pure loess, and the model is constructed by ramming the loess inside by paving the green bricks with the outer skin. The steel arches 4 are arranged along the thickness direction of the urban wall in a through length mode, the steel arches 4 are clung to the brick-built arches 3, the brick-built arches 3 are built by common red bricks and lime slurry, are semicircular, and are constructed according to the scale reduction proportion of the model; the jacks 5 are closely attached to the steel arch 4, the force transfer columns 6 are distributed in soil right above the bricked arch 3 and are distributed at equal intervals according to the height and measurement accuracy of urban walls, and three jacks are generally distributed; the soil pressure boxes 7 are horizontally layered and distributed in the urban wall body 2, each layer is required to be arranged, and the number of the soil pressure boxes 7 arranged in each layer is determined according to the length of the model. The load loading device 10 may employ a linear stacking load loading device for optimal water bucket to which a linear injection water load is applied. Because of historical reasons, civil air defense structures in urban walls are built in the sixth seventies of the 20 th century, the civil air defense structures are built by clay firing bricks and also have reinforced concrete structures, and therefore the model calculation formula is also applicable to the reinforced concrete structures.
More specifically, the construction scheme of the model is to firstly build the urban wall abutment 1 by red bricks, reserve the position for placing the jack 5 and the steel arch 4 in the middle, build the brick arch 3 again, then build the urban wall body 2, the urban wall body 2 and the urban wall abutment 1 are not connected by cementing materials, the outer skin building bricks and the internal ramming soil are carried out simultaneously in the construction process, the force transmission column 6 and the soil pressure box 7 are buried at a preset height, the process is easy to be carried out in a week, the air humidity should not be too high, loess with the water content in the local natural state is selected, the impurities are removed as much as possible, the ramming process is easy to be carried out manually, the uniform ramming is ensured as much as possible, the outer skin bricks generally do not reach the maximum strength in the ramming process, steel bars, templates and the like can be used for reinforcement, finally, the steel plate 9 and the load loading device 10 are placed at the upper part of the urban wall body 2, the lead wires of the force transmission column 6 and the soil pressure box 7 are connected with the strain gauge 8 for debugging. The whole model is easy to maintain for about two months under natural conditions after being built.
In this embodiment, set up steel bow member 4 between brickwork arch 3 and jack 5, set up steel sheet 9 between load loading device 10 and urban wall body 2, aim at, steel bow member 4 is the stereoplasm bow member, steel sheet 9 is the stereoplasm panel, can play even atress, avoid applying in the local excessive pressure of urban wall body by load loading device 10 to and avoid applying in the local excessive pressure of brickwork arch 3 by jack 5, cause the model to take place to damage, and then be unfavorable for objectively reflecting the structural strength of model and the load transfer factor of accurate measurement model.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the upper load transfer coefficient of the civil air defense of the urban wall, which is realized based on the model of the invention, and the load transfer coefficient obtained based on the method of the invention can further calculate the top load of the civil air defense of the urban wall, so as to obtain the internal force of the civil air defense, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, obtaining a load transfer coefficient of the model of the invention, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. applying a longitudinal load to the urban wall body 2 through the load loading device 10, wherein the longitudinal load is gradually increased until the brickwork arch 3 is damaged;
2. before the brick arch 3 is damaged, synchronously reading data of a strain gauge 8, wherein the data are stress in a force transmission column 6 and a soil pressure box 7, namely stress transmitted to the urban wall body 2 by a longitudinal load, and are acquired by corresponding acquisition of the force transmission column 6 and the soil pressure box 7;
3. and drawing a transfer rule curve of the longitudinal load in the urban wall body 2 according to the stress data read by the strain gauge 8, wherein the rule that the slope of the curve changes along with the height of the model is the load transfer coefficient of the reduced scale model.
Step two, according to the scale ratio of the scale model to the target urban wall, deriving the load transfer coefficient of the upper part of the civil air defense of the target urban wall from the load transfer coefficient of the scale model, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
step three, solving the top load of the civil air defense work of the target urban wall, and further obtaining the internal force of the civil air defense work, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the self-weight stress of the urban wall body is calculated by the following calculation method:
urban wall body dead weight stress = pgh,
wherein ρ is the density of the material inside the urban wall body; g is gravity acceleration, generally 10N/s -2 H is the distance from the top of the civil air defense of the target urban wall to the top of the urban wall;
2. obtaining the product of the load transfer coefficient and the self-weight stress of the urban wall body, namely the load at the top of the civil air defense of the target urban wall;
3. based on the load at the top of the target urban wall civil air defense, the internal force of the target urban wall civil air defense is obtained, wherein the internal force comprises bending moment, shearing force and axial force, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein θ is an acute angle between a tangent line of an axis at a certain point of a cross section of the target urban wall civil air defense and a horizontal line, M (θ) is a bending moment at the θ angle, Q (θ) is a shearing force at the θ angle, N (θ) is an axial force at the θ angle, R is a radius of the target urban wall civil air defense, Q is a load at the top of the target urban wall civil air defense, and K 1 (theta) is the bending reduction coefficient, K of the artificial protection with different section strength 2 (theta) is the bond shear strength reduction coefficient of the artificial masonry, K 3 And (theta) is the compressive strength reduction coefficient of the shaft center of the artificial proof masonry structure.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The method for measuring the upper load transfer coefficient of the civil air defense of the urban wall is characterized by comprising a measurement model, wherein the measurement model comprises a strain gauge (8) and a reduced scale model of a target urban wall, the reduced scale model comprises an urban wall abutment (1), an urban wall body (2) and a brick arch (3), the urban wall body (2) is arranged above the urban wall abutment (1), and the brick arch (3) is arranged between the urban wall abutment (1) and the urban wall body (2);
the bottom of the brick arch (3) is provided with a jack (5), the top of the urban wall body (2) is provided with a load loading device (10), a force transmission column (6) or/and a soil pressure box (7) are arranged in the urban wall body (2), and the strain gauge (8) is electrically connected with the force transmission column (6) or/and the soil pressure box (7);
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
applying a longitudinal supporting force to the brickwork arch (3) through the jack (5), maintaining the longitudinal zero displacement of the brickwork arch (3), and applying a longitudinal load to the urban wall body (2) through the load loading device (10), wherein the longitudinal load is gradually increased until the brickwork arch (3) is damaged; before the brick arch (3) is damaged, the stress transmitted into the urban wall body (2) by the longitudinal load is obtained through a force transmission column (6) or/and a soil pressure box (7); extracting the obtained stress by a strain gauge (8), and drawing a transfer rule curve of the longitudinal load in the urban wall body (2) based on the extracted stress; so as to obtain the load transfer coefficient of the reduced scale model;
according to the scale ratio of the scale model to the target urban wall, deriving the load transfer coefficient of the upper part of the civil air defense of the target urban wall from the load transfer coefficient of the scale model;
based on the load transfer coefficient of the upper part of the civil air defense of the target city wall, the load of the top of the civil air defense of the target city wall is calculated;
based on the load at the top of the target urban wall civil air defense, the internal force of the target urban wall civil air defense is obtained, wherein the internal force comprises bending moment, shearing force and axial force.
2. The method for measuring the upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense construction according to claim 1, wherein the number of the force transmission columns (6) and/or the soil pressure boxes (7) is not less than two and the force transmission columns and/or the soil pressure boxes are distributed at equal intervals in the vertical direction.
3. The method for measuring the upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense construction according to claim 1, further comprising a hard plate material pressed between the urban wall body (2) and the load loading device (10), wherein the hard plate material comprises a steel plate (9).
4. The method for determining the upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense construction according to claim 1, further comprising a hard arch pressed between the brickwork arch (3) and the jack (5), wherein the hard arch comprises a steel arch (4).
5. The method for determining the upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense construction according to claim 1, wherein the load loading device (10) is a linear stacking loading device comprising a water bucket to which a linear injected water load is applied.
6. The method for measuring the upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense construction of the urban wall according to claim 1, wherein,
the bending moment has the following expression:
the shear force is expressed as follows:
the axial force is expressed as follows:
wherein θ is an acute angle between a tangent line of an axis at a certain point of a cross section of the target urban wall civil air defense and a horizontal line, M (θ) is a bending moment at the θ angle, Q (θ) is a shearing force at the θ angle, N (θ) is an axial force at the θ angle, R is a radius of the target urban wall civil air defense, Q is a load at the top of the target urban wall civil air defense, and K 1 (theta) is the bending reduction coefficient, K of the artificial protection with different section strength 2 (theta) is the bond shear strength reduction coefficient of the artificial masonry, K 3 And (theta) is the compressive strength reduction coefficient of the shaft center of the artificial proof masonry structure.
CN202010411313.1A 2020-05-15 2020-05-15 Model and method for measuring upper load transfer coefficient of civil air defense of urban wall Active CN111678783B (en)

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Application publication date: 20200918

Assignee: Jiangsu tuojia engineering design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Contract record no.: X2023980048681

Denomination of invention: A measurement model and method for the upper load transfer coefficient of urban wall civil defense works

Granted publication date: 20230728

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231130