CN111677938A - W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure - Google Patents
W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111677938A CN111677938A CN202010577570.2A CN202010577570A CN111677938A CN 111677938 A CN111677938 A CN 111677938A CN 202010577570 A CN202010577570 A CN 202010577570A CN 111677938 A CN111677938 A CN 111677938A
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- cast iron
- drain pipe
- iron drain
- bearing structure
- shaped flexible
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
- F16L3/02—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets partly surrounding the pipes, cables or protective tubing
- F16L3/04—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets partly surrounding the pipes, cables or protective tubing and pressing it against a wall or other support
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L5/00—Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure, which belongs to the technical field of pipeline supports, and mainly replaces a support in a conventional mode with a connecting beam arranged below a floor slab, and connects a cast iron drain pipe with a cross beam in a building structure through the connecting beam so as to transmit load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline supports, in particular to a W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure.
Background
W type flexible cast iron drain pipe, bearing nozzle stub promptly is often used for the perforation department of floor, and it is mainly through clamp structure connection coexistence pipe tip, realizes the connection to two pipes to transmit the load of riser for the floor. The conventional means mainly adopts a structure that the floor slab of a clamp type bearing short pipe disclosed in the lower left corner of page 36 of 13S409 for mounting a flexible interface cast iron pipeline and a steel-plastic composite pipeline for drainage in building life is fixed, namely a connecting bracket is arranged between the cast iron drain pipe and the floor slab to realize load transmission.
But in practical engineering we find: according to the specification of 3.3.13 in 'construction quality acceptance standard for water supply and drainage and heating engineering GB 50242-2002': the pipeline passes through the wall and the floor, and a metal or plastic sleeve is arranged. The top of the sleeve pipe arranged in the floor slab is 20mm higher than the decorative ground; the top of the sleeve installed in the toilet and kitchen should be 50mm higher than the decorative ground, the bottom should be equal to the floor bottom, the top of the steel sleeve embedded between the floor perforation and the cast iron drainage pipe should be exposed about 20mm above the floor (i.e. the floor top), but the bracket is directly equal to the floor in the structure adopted by the conventional means, which is not suitable. Especially when the W type flexible cast iron drain pipe is external to B type flange, the flange bolt can be buried in the floor, and does not satisfy the standard requirement.
Therefore, there is a need for a new load-bearing structure for floor slab construction that does not prevent steel casing from being installed in the manner required by the above standards, and that ensures efficient load transfer of cast iron drainpipes to the building structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure which can prevent a component from contacting with a floor of a floor slab while ensuring that the load of a cast iron drain pipe can be effectively transmitted to a building structure.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the utility model provides a flexible cast iron drain pipe load-bearing structure of W type, including:
the cast iron drain pipe is arranged right below the through hole of the floor slab; and the combination of (a) and (b),
the connecting beam is arranged below the floor slab and fixedly connected with the cross beam supporting the floor slab;
the periphery of the cast iron drain pipe is provided with a connecting part, and the cast iron drain pipe is fixedly connected with the connecting beam through the connecting part.
Preferably, the number of the connecting beams is two, and the two connecting beams are symmetrically arranged along a vertical plane.
Preferably, the two connecting beams are connected to the same cross beam, or
The two connecting beams are respectively connected to the two vertical cross beams.
Preferably, the connecting portion is mainly composed of connecting lug seats which are formed on the periphery of the cast iron drain pipe and correspond to the connecting beam, and the connecting beam is fixedly connected with the connecting lug seats through a first bolt.
Preferably, the connecting beam mainly comprises a vertical part and a horizontal part, and the bottom end of the vertical part is fixedly connected with one end of the horizontal part, so that the connecting beam is in an L shape.
Preferably, the vertical part of the connecting beam is used for connecting with the cross beam, and the horizontal part of the connecting beam is used for connecting with the connecting part of the cast iron drain pipe.
Preferably, the connection beam is fixedly connected to the cross beam by a connection bolt having a connection end penetrating through the vertical portion and inserted into the cross beam.
Preferably, the connecting beam is fixedly connected with the cross beam through a plurality of connecting bolts, and the connecting bolts are sequentially arranged on the connecting beam along the vertical direction.
Preferably, the vertical part and the horizontal part of the connecting beam are both of a channel steel structure.
In another preferred embodiment, the connecting portion is mainly composed of a flange formed protrudingly on the outer periphery of the cast iron drain pipe, and an elastic layer adhered to the bottom of the flange, the connecting beam is received at the bottom of the elastic layer, and the connecting portion is fixedly connected to the connecting beam by a second bolt passing through the flange, the elastic layer, and the connecting beam in this order in the vertical direction.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional mode, the W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure provided by the invention has the advantages that the whole connecting beam is positioned below the floor, so that the contact between a member and the floor of the floor is avoided, the steel sleeve at the perforated position of the floor can meet the requirement that the sleeve specified in the acceptance criteria of construction quality of building water supply and drainage and heating engineering is exposed 20mm on the floor, and meanwhile, the pipeline load can be effectively transmitted to the cross beam, namely the floor structure.
(2) The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure provided by the invention can be correspondingly arranged according to the surplus degree of the space of a deployment site. In the middle of the higher environment of deployment site space surplus degree such as non-wall angle department, implementer can connect two tie-beams on same crossbeam, and in the middle of the environment that deployment site space is comparatively antagonism such as wall angle department, implementer can connect two tie-beams respectively on different crossbeams, and whole structure has the advantage that the suitability is strong.
(3) In the bearing structure of the W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe, the connecting beam is in an L-shaped shape with the horizontal part and the vertical part, and the horizontal part and the vertical part are both in a channel steel structure, so that the structural stability of the whole connecting beam is guaranteed, the processing difficulty of the connecting beam is reduced, and the connecting beam has feasibility of processing in a construction site.
(4) According to the invention, the W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe can be suitable for a B-shaped flange, and the applicability of the whole structure is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of example 1 provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of example 2 provided in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 provided in the present invention.
[ description of specific symbols ]:
1-floor slab, 2-perforation, 3-crossbeam, 4-connecting beam, 4 a-vertical part, 4 b-horizontal part, 5-connecting lug seat, 6-first bolt, 7-connecting bolt, 8-flange, 9-elastic layer, 10-second bolt, 11-steel sleeve and 12-cast iron drain pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, the terms are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description of the present invention are only used for distinguishing between the descriptions and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like when used in the description of the present invention do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, this embodiment 1 provides a bearing structure of a W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe, which includes:
a cast iron drain pipe 12 arranged right below the through hole 2 of the floor slab 1; and the combination of (a) and (b),
the connecting beam 4 is arranged below the floor slab 1 and fixedly connected with a cross beam 3 supporting the floor slab 1;
wherein, a connecting part is formed on the periphery of the cast iron drain pipe 12, and the cast iron drain pipe 12 is fixedly connected with the connecting beam 4 through the connecting part.
In this embodiment 1, compared with the conventional method, the support above the floor slab 1 is mainly replaced by the connecting beam 4 below the floor slab 1, so that the member is prevented from contacting with the floor member of the floor slab 1, and the steel sleeve 11 at the through hole 2 is ensured to be applicable to the specific regulations in the acceptance criteria of construction quality of water supply and drainage and heating engineering of buildings.
Meanwhile, in the conventional mode, the transmission path of the pipeline load is the cast iron drain pipe 12 → the floor slab 1 → the beam 3, and in this embodiment 1, since the connecting beam 4 is directly connected with the beam 3, the pipeline load can be transmitted to the beam 3 by the bracket, so that the transmission link of force is reduced, and the influence of the pipeline load on the floor slab 1 is avoided.
Further, in the embodiment 1, in order to improve the balance of the cast iron drain pipe 12, the number of the connecting beams 4 is two, and the two connecting beams 4 are symmetrically arranged along a vertical plane.
Meanwhile, the positions of the through holes 2 of the floor 1 are often varied, but the through holes can be roughly divided into non-wall corners where space is more abundant and wall corners where space is more obstructed. Referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment 1, two connecting beams 4 are connected to the same beam 3, and are correspondingly applied to the corner where the space is not enough.
In this embodiment 1, the connecting portion is mainly formed by the connecting ear seat 5 that is formed on the periphery of the cast iron drain pipe 12 and corresponds to the connecting beam 4, the connecting beam 4 and the connecting ear seat 5 are fixedly connected through the first bolt 6 to realize convenient connection between the connecting ear seat 5 and the connecting beam 4.
The above-mentioned connecting beam 4 can be made of a common steel beam or a common steel sheet, and as a preferred embodiment, regarding the specific structure of the above-mentioned connecting beam 4, in this embodiment 1, the connecting beam 4 is mainly composed of a vertical part 4a and a horizontal part 4b, and the bottom end of the vertical part 4a is fixedly connected with one end of the horizontal part 4b, so that the connecting beam 4 is L-shaped, wherein the vertical part 4a of the connecting beam 4 is used for connecting with the cross beam 3, and the horizontal part 4b of the connecting beam 4 is used for connecting with the connecting part of the cast iron drain pipe 12.
Set tie-beam 4 to the L type, expanded the size of whole tie-beam 4 in the horizontal direction promptly for whole tie-beam 4 can be connected with crossbeam 3 that is in on the horizontal outside of tie-beam 4 more easily, has reduced the design requirement of tie-beam 4, has simplified the structure of tie-beam 4.
More specifically, regarding the fixed connection between the connecting beam 4 and the cross beam 3: in this embodiment 1, the connecting beam 4 is fixedly connected to the cross beam 3 by a plurality of connecting bolts 7, the connecting ends of which penetrate through the vertical portion 4a and are inserted into the cross beam 3, and the plurality of connecting bolts 7 are sequentially arranged along the vertical direction to ensure the stress stability between the vertical portion 4a and the cross beam 3.
Further, since the connection beam 4 is not mass-produced by a manufacturer, it is mainly fabricated on site in an actual process. In the present embodiment 1, the vertical portion 4a and the horizontal portion 4b of the connecting beam 4 are both of a channel steel structure. The method specifically comprises the steps of cutting the channel steel into two sections, and then welding the two sections of channel steel together to form the connecting beam 4. In this way, the horizontal part 4b and the vertical part 4a are made of channel steel, so that the structural stability of the whole connecting beam 4 is ensured, and the processing difficulty of the connecting beam 4 is reduced, so that the connecting beam has feasibility of processing on a construction site.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, the embodiment 2 is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, and the main difference between the two embodiments is: embodiment 2 is applied to a corner where space is relatively antagonistic, and two connecting beams 4 are single channel steel and are respectively connected to two cross beams 3 which are perpendicular to each other.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, the embodiment 3 is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, and the main difference between the two embodiments is: the connecting part mainly comprises a flange 8 which is convexly formed on the periphery of a cast iron drain pipe 12 and an elastic layer 9 which is adhered to the bottom of the flange 8, the connecting beam 4 is connected to the bottom of the elastic layer 9, and the connecting part is fixedly connected with the connecting beam 4 through a second bolt 10 which sequentially penetrates through the flange 8, the elastic layer 9 and the connecting beam 4 along the vertical direction.
The operator can adjust the vertical distance of the connecting beam 4 relative to the flange 8 by thinning the elastic layer 9 or directly replacing the elastic layer 9, so that the connecting position between the connecting beam 4 and the cross beam 3 is changed, the connecting beam 4 can avoid the member on the outer surface of the cross beam 3, and the use flexibility of the whole structure is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a flexible cast iron drain pipe load-bearing structure of W type which characterized in that, including:
the cast iron drain pipe is arranged right below the through hole of the floor slab; and the combination of (a) and (b),
the connecting beam is arranged below the floor slab and fixedly connected with the cross beam supporting the floor slab;
the periphery of the cast iron drain pipe is provided with a connecting part, and the cast iron drain pipe is fixedly connected with the connecting beam through the connecting part.
2. The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe load bearing structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the connecting beams is two, and the two connecting beams are symmetrically arranged along a vertical plane.
3. The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe load bearing structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: two connecting beams are connected to the same cross beam, or
The two connecting beams are respectively connected to the two vertical cross beams.
4. The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe load bearing structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the connecting part mainly comprises a connecting lug seat which is formed on the periphery of the cast iron drain pipe and corresponds to the connecting beam, and the connecting beam is fixedly connected with the connecting lug seat through a first bolt.
5. The load-bearing structure of a W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the connecting beam is mainly composed of a vertical part and a horizontal part, and a bottom end of the vertical part is fixedly connected with one end of the horizontal part so that the connecting beam is L-shaped.
6. The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe load bearing structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the vertical portion of the connecting beam is adapted to be connected to the cross beam, and the horizontal portion of the connecting beam is adapted to be connected to the connecting portion of the cast iron drain pipe.
7. The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe load bearing structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein said connecting beam is fixedly connected with said cross beam by means of connecting bolts whose connecting ends penetrate through the vertical portions and are inserted into the cross beam.
8. The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe load bearing structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the connection beam is fixedly connected with the cross beam by a plurality of connection bolts, and the plurality of connection bolts are arranged in sequence in a vertical direction on the connection beam.
9. The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe load bearing structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the vertical portion and the horizontal portion of the connecting beam are each of a channel steel structure.
10. The W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe load-bearing structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein said connecting portion is mainly composed of a flange protrudingly formed on the outer periphery of the cast iron drain pipe, and an elastic layer adhered to the bottom of the flange, said connecting beam being received on the bottom of the elastic layer, said connecting portion being fixedly connected to the connecting beam by a second bolt passing through the flange, the elastic layer and the connecting beam in the vertical order.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010577570.2A CN111677938A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010577570.2A CN111677938A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111677938A true CN111677938A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010577570.2A Pending CN111677938A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111677938A (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4946117A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-08-07 | Lisega Gmbh | Mounting clip for supporting pipes in upright orientation |
| WO2008128472A1 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2008-10-30 | Jiaxian Wang | Support and hanger of vertical pipe |
| CN201802051U (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-04-20 | 中国华西企业股份有限公司 | Shared bracket for large-aperture pipelines |
| CN105422990A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 中机国能电力工程有限公司 | Flat plate embedded type vertical pipe hanging bracket |
| CN206770795U (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-12-19 | 范云翔 | A kind of heavy load horizontal pipe pull bar suspension bracket |
| CN107575646A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-12 | 江苏奇佩建筑装配科技有限公司 | New suspension and support for large-scale pipeline |
| CN210241954U (en) * | 2019-02-24 | 2020-04-03 | 马楚南 | Outdoor air conditioner installing support structure |
| CN212407785U (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-01-26 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure |
-
2020
- 2020-06-23 CN CN202010577570.2A patent/CN111677938A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4946117A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-08-07 | Lisega Gmbh | Mounting clip for supporting pipes in upright orientation |
| WO2008128472A1 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2008-10-30 | Jiaxian Wang | Support and hanger of vertical pipe |
| CN201802051U (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-04-20 | 中国华西企业股份有限公司 | Shared bracket for large-aperture pipelines |
| CN105422990A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 中机国能电力工程有限公司 | Flat plate embedded type vertical pipe hanging bracket |
| CN107575646A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-12 | 江苏奇佩建筑装配科技有限公司 | New suspension and support for large-scale pipeline |
| CN206770795U (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-12-19 | 范云翔 | A kind of heavy load horizontal pipe pull bar suspension bracket |
| CN210241954U (en) * | 2019-02-24 | 2020-04-03 | 马楚南 | Outdoor air conditioner installing support structure |
| CN212407785U (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-01-26 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | W-shaped flexible cast iron drain pipe bearing structure |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 蓝天: "高层建筑给排水立管承重支架及吊架的设计", 安装, no. 06, 20 December 1999 (1999-12-20), pages 33 - 36 * |
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