CN111674556A - 包括热交换器系统的飞行器推进系统 - Google Patents

包括热交换器系统的飞行器推进系统 Download PDF

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CN111674556A
CN111674556A CN202010160131.1A CN202010160131A CN111674556A CN 111674556 A CN111674556 A CN 111674556A CN 202010160131 A CN202010160131 A CN 202010160131A CN 111674556 A CN111674556 A CN 111674556A
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heat exchanger
main
duct
air
connection
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CN111674556B (zh
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B·梅达
E·马蒂诺-冈萨雷斯
T·史蒂文斯
J·凯西亚尔斯
J·T·普里托帕迪拉
A·索利
D·波里埃
P-A·皮诺
D·巴容维加
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Airbus Operations SL
Airbus Operations SAS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/06Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas
    • F02C6/08Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas the gas being bled from the gas-turbine compressor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D13/08Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned the air being heated or cooled
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D15/00De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
    • B64D15/02De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by ducted hot gas or liquid
    • B64D15/04Hot gas application
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/16Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants of jet type
    • B64D27/20Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants of jet type within, or attached to, fuselages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12Cooling of plants
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    • F02C7/18Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02C9/00Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/16Control of working fluid flow
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02KJET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K3/00Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
    • F02K3/02Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
    • F02K3/04Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
    • F02K3/06Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with front fan
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
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    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603Environmental Control Systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0607Environmental Control Systems providing hot air or liquid for deicing aircraft parts, e.g. aerodynamic surfaces or windows
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0618Environmental Control Systems with arrangements for reducing or managing bleed air, using another air source, e.g. ram air
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0648Environmental Control Systems with energy recovery means, e.g. using turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/213Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by the provision of a heat exchanger within the cooling circuit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
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    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/50On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T50/60Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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Abstract

一种飞行器推进系统,其包括涡轮喷气发动机和热交换器系统(200),热交换器系统包括主热交换器(202);供应热空气并包括调节阀(214)的供应管(204);通过第一阀(210)从高压级(206)放出热空气的高压管(250);通过第二阀(212)从中压级(208)放出热空气的中压管(252);将热空气传递到空气管理系统的传递管(222);从风机管道供应冷空气并包括主调节阀(218)的主供应管(216);排出空气到外部的排出管(220);副热交换器(230),其中,高压管(250)经过副热交换器(230);从风机管道供应冷空气并且包括副调节阀(234)的副供应管(232);将空气放出到风机管道的副排出管(236);测量从主热交换器(250)离开的热空气的温度的温控器传感器(223);以及根据温度传感器(223)测量的温度来控制阀的控制单元(224)。包括两个分离的热交换器的实施例引起主热交换器的尺寸减小,并且使得更好地集成在挂架与挂架整流罩之间的缩小的空间中。

Description

包括热交换器系统的飞行器推进系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括热交换器系统的飞行器推进系统,以及包括至少一个这种推进系统的飞行器。
背景技术
为了供应热空气,无论是对于保证乘客舒适性的空气调节系统,还是对于对飞行器的外表面除冰的除冰系统,这些系统都包括热交换器系统,其在图4中示意性地示出。
热交换器系统500布置在飞行器的涡轮喷气发动机附近,并且包括热交换器502。涡轮喷气发动机通过挂架固定到机翼结构,并且热交换器502位于挂架和挂架整流罩之间。
通过第一供应管504向热交换器502供应热空气,该第一供应管分别通过第一阀510和第二阀512从涡轮喷气发动机的高压级506或在中压级508处放出热空气。第一供应管504还包括调节阀514,其使得能够调节热交换器502的入口处的压力。
热交换器502由第二供应管516供应冷空气,该第二供应管从涡轮喷气发动机的风机管道放出冷空气。第二供应管516还包括调节阀518,其调节引入到热交换器502中的冷空气的量,以调节离开热交换器502的热空气的温度。
在已经通过热交换器502之后,已经被加热的冷空气通过排出管520排出到外部。
在已经通过热交换器502之后,已经被冷却的热空气通过传递管522被引到如空调系统或除冰系统的空气管理系统。
热交换器系统500包括温度传感器523和控制单元524,温度传感器523测量离开热交换器502的热空气的温度,控制单元524根据由温度传感器523测得的温度和离开热交换器502的热空气的期望温度来控制各阀。
热交换器502具有交叉流动,即,热空气和冷空气沿着两个总体上垂直的方向进入热交换器502和离开热交换器502。
EP-A-0 934 876、US-A-2012/045317和WO-A-2018/002855公开了现有技术的推进系统。
实际上,涡轮喷气发动机的尺寸由于需要增加旁通比和总压力比而增大。由于涡轮喷气发动机的这种增大,分配给热交换器502的空间减小,并且热交换器502的排气靠近机翼的前缘,导致了对边界层的扰动。
发明内容
本发明的目的提出一种包括热交换器系统的飞行器推进系统,该热交换器系统不太笨重并且因此使得能够更好地集成在推进系统中。
为此目的,提出了一种飞行器推进系统,所述飞行器推进系统包括涡轮喷气发动机和热交换器系统,所述涡轮喷气发动机包括中压级和高压级、风机管道,所述热交换器系统包括:
-主热交换器,主热交换器包括主热供应连接部、通过主热交换器气动地连接到主热供应连接部的主热传递连接部、主冷供应连接部和通过主热交换器气动地连接到主冷供应连接部的主冷排出连接部,
-供应管,供应管连接到主热供应连接部并向热交换器供应热空气,并且其包括调节阀,
-高压管,高压管通过第一阀从高压级放出热空气,
-中压管,中压管通过第二阀从中压级放出热空气,其中,高压管和中压管连接到调节阀的入口,
-传递管,传递管连接到主热传递连接部,并且适于将已经通过主热交换器的热空气传递到飞行器的空气管理系统,
-主供应管,主供应管连接到主冷供应连接部,向主热交换器供应来自风机管道的冷空气,并且包括主调节阀,
-排出管,排出管连接到主冷排出连接部,并且适于将空气排放到外部,
-副热交换器,副热交换器包括副热供应连接部、通过副热交换器气动地连接到副供应连接部的副热传递连接部、副冷供应连接部和通过副热交换器气动地连接到副冷供应连接部的副冷排出连接部,其中,从第一阀出发的高压管经过在副热供应连部和副热传递连接部之间的副热交换器,
-副供应管,副供应管连接到副冷供应连接部,其向副热交换器供应来自风机管道的冷空气,并且其包括副调节阀,
-副排出管,副排出管连接到副冷排出连接部并且将空气排放到风机管道,
-温度传感器,温度传感器测量通过传递管离开主热交换器的热空气的温度,以及
-控制单元,控制单元根据温度传感器测量的温度和通过传递管离开主热交换器的热空气的期望温度对主调节阀和副调节阀进行控制。
包括两个分离的热交换器的实施例引起主热交换器的尺寸减小,并且使得更好地集成在挂架与挂架整流罩之间的缩小的空间中。
有利地,推进系统包括具有主结构的挂架,挂架支撑涡轮喷气发动机,主热交换器位于主结构上方并且在风机管道中,而副热交换器位于主结构下方并且在风机管道中。
本发明还提出了一种包括至少一个根据前述变型中的任一个的推进系统的飞行器。
附图说明
通过阅读下面关于附图给出的对实施例示例的描述,本发明的上述特征以及其它特征将变得更明了,附图中:
图1是包括本发明的热交换器系统的飞行器的侧视图,
图2是本发明的热交换器系统的示意图,
图3示出在其环境中的本发明的热交换器系统的侧视图,以及
图4是现有技术的热交换器系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中,涉及位置的术语是参照处于正常飞行位置中的飞行器而言的,即,是如图1所示的,并且位置“前”和“后”是相对于涡轮喷气发动机的前部和后部而言的。
在下文描述中,并且按照惯例,X是涡轮喷气发动机的纵向轴线,其平行于飞行器的纵向轴线;Y是横向轴线,当飞行器在地面上时,其是水平的;并且Z是垂直轴线,当飞行器在地面上时,其是垂直的;这三个方向X、Y和Z相互正交。
图1示出飞行器10,其包括机身11,在机身的各侧上紧固有机翼13,机翼13支撑至少一个推进系统15,推进系统在图3中示出并且包括挂架12和涡轮喷气发动机70。挂架12紧固在机翼13下方,并且支撑涡轮喷气发动机70,涡轮喷气发动机通常包括压缩级72和风机管道74。挂架12包括主结构50,主结构在其上部处紧固至机翼13的结构,并且通过不同的紧固点支撑涡轮喷气发动机70。主结构50布置在涡轮喷气发动机70上方,并且其前缘在风机管道74内附连到涡轮喷气发动机70。
压缩级72包括高压级206和中压级208。例如,在41000英尺的巡航条件下,205℃下的中间压力为35磅/平方英寸(psia),517℃下的高压为174磅/平方英寸。
飞行器10包括空气管理系统,例如空调系统和/或除冰系统。
推进系统15还包括发动机短舱14,其包括围绕涡轮喷气发动机70的整流罩76,以及围绕主结构50的挂架12的空气动力学整流罩。
图2示出本发明的热交换器系统200。
热交换器系统200包括主热交换器202,其包括主热供应连接部201、通过主热交换器202气动地连接到主供应连接部201的主热传递连接部203、主冷供应连接部205和通过主热交换器202气动地连接到主冷供应连接部205的主冷排出连接部207。
热交换器系统200包括供应管204,其连接到主热供应连接部201,并且其向主热交换器202供应热空气,并且其包括调节阀214,这使得能够调节热供应连接部201处的压力。
热交换器系统200包括通过第一阀210从高压级206放出热空气的高压管250。
热交换器系统200包括中压管252,其通过第二阀212从中压级208放出热空气。
高压管250和中压管252一起连接到调节阀214的入口。
热交换器系统200包括主供应管216,其连接到主冷供应连接部205,并向主热交换器202供应冷空气,并且从涡轮喷气发动机70的风机管道74放出冷空气。主供应管216还包括主调节阀218,其调节引入主热交换器202中的冷空气的量,以调节离开主热交换器202的热空气的温度。
热交换器系统200包括连接到主冷排出连接部207的排出管220。在已经通过主热交换器202之后,已经被加热的冷空气通过排出管220排放到外部。
热交换器系统200包括连接到主热传递连接部203的传递管222。在已经通过主热交换器202之后,已经被冷却的热空气通过传递管222引导到空气管理系统,例如空调系统或除冰系统。
热交换器系统200包括温度传感器223和控制单元224,温度传感器223测量通过传递管222离开主热交换器202的热空气的温度,控制单元224根据由温度传感器223测量的温度和通过传递管222离开主热交换器202的热空气的期望温度来控制各阀。
主热交换器202在此具有交叉流动,即,热空气和冷空气沿着两个总体上垂直的方向进入主热交换器202和离开主热交换器202。但是在另一实施例中,热空气从供应管204通过主热交换器202到传递管222的通过沿着第一传递方向发生,而冷空气从主供应管216通过主热交换器202到排出管220的通过沿着平行于第一传递方向、但是方向相反的第二传递方向发生。
热交换器系统200还包括副热交换器230,副热交换器230连接在第一阀210和高压管250上的调节阀214之间。
副热交换器230包括副热供应连接部231、通过副热交换器230气动地连接到副供应连接部231的副热传递连接部233、副冷供应连接部235和通过副热交换器230气动地连接到副冷供应连接部235的副冷排出连接部237。
从调节阀210出发的高压管250在副热供应连接部231和副热传递连接部233之间穿过副热交换器230。
热交换器系统200还包括副供应管232,其连接到副冷供应连接部235,并向副热交换器230供应冷空气,并且从涡轮喷气发动机70的风机管道74放出冷空气。副供应管232还包括副调节阀234,其调节引入到副热交换器230中的冷空气的量,以调节离开热交换器230的热空气的温度。
热交换器系统200包括连接到副冷排出连接部237的副排出管236。在已经通过副热交换器230之后,已经被加热的冷空气通过排出管236排出到风机管道74。
副调节阀234也受控制单元224控制。
将热交换器分成主热交换器和副热交换器导致主热交换器202的尺寸减小,并且该主热交换器202在减小的空间中的集成更容易。
主热交换器202针对中压级208确定尺寸,并且一旦使用高压级206,副热交换器230就用于对主热交换器202进行补充,并且每个热交换器202、230具有其自己的冷空气入口216、232以及其自身的调节阀218、234,用于独立地调整冷空气流量。
对来自中压级208的热空气的冷却由主热交换器202进行,并且引入在主热交换器202中的冷空气的量受主调节阀218控制,以实现目标出口温度。
当从高压级206放出空气时,副调节阀234受控制为一旦主调节阀218完全打开就打开,并且在副热交换器230中的空气流量受副热调节阀234调整,以实现目标出口温度。如果排出温度变得太低,或如果系统被切换回到中压级208,则副调节阀234关闭,并且主调节阀218重新取得对温度控制的控制。
在图2所示的实施例中,副换热器230具有交叉流动,但是在另一未示出的实施例中,它可以具有反向流动。
图3示出了推进系统15的处于其环境中的热交换器系统200。
主热交换器202位于主结构50上方且在风机导管74中,而副热交换器230位于主结构50下方且在风机导管74中。更确切地说,主热交换器202位于挂架与挂架整流罩之间。
主结构50包括窗口,供应管204穿过该窗口以将其自身与高压管250和中压管252连接。
在图3所示的实施例中,调节阀214也设置在主结构50下方。
主调节阀218和副调节阀234在此采取包括门的斗形部的形式,该门可在打开位置和关闭位置之间移动,在打开位置中它不会堵塞斗形部,而在关闭位置中它会堵塞斗形部,从而调节由所述斗形部所捕获的冷空气的量。
门是马达驱动的以确保其运动,并且每个马达均由控制单元224控制。每个门用作阀。
各个斗形部定向为使得能够捕获在风机管道74中循环的冷空气。
新实施方式允许具有低放出空气侧压降的主热交换器的设计。由于输送到起动器涡轮的较高压力,对空调组件包的较高入口压力使使得该组件包以较少的冲压空气运行并因此减少了引起的冲压阻力以及中压级端口位置的挑战,使用改善发动机特定燃料消耗的较低压缩机级,这种较低的压降允许改进发动机起动性能。

Claims (3)

1.一种飞行器(10)的推进系统(15),所述推进系统(15)包括涡轮喷气发动机(70)以及热交换器系统(200),所述涡轮喷气发动机包括中压级(208)和高压级(206)和风机管道(74),所述热交换器系统包括:
-主热交换器(202),所述主热交换器包括主热供应连接部(201)、通过所述主热交换器(202)气动地连接到所述主热供应连接部(201)的主热传递连接部(203)、主冷供应连接部(205)和通过所述主热交换器(202)气动地连接到所述主冷供应连接部(205)的主冷排出连接部(207),
-供应管(204),所述供应管连接到所述主热供应连接部(201)并向热交换器(202)供应热空气,并且其包括调节阀(214),
-高压管(250),所述高压管通过第一阀(210)从所述高压级(206)放出热空气,
-中压管(252),所述中压管通过第二阀(212)从所述中压级(208)放出热空气,其中,所述高压管(250)和所述中压管(252)连接到所述调节阀(214)的入口,
-传递管(222),所述传递管连接到所述主热传递连接部(203),并且适于将已经通过所述主热交换器(202)的热空气传递到所述飞行器(10)的空气管理系统,
-主供应管(216),所述主供应管连接到所述主冷供应连接部(205),向所述主热交换器(202)供应来自所述风机管道(74)的冷空气,并且包括主调节阀(218),
-排出管(220),所述排出管连接到所述主冷排出连接部(207),并且适于将空气排放到外部,
-副热交换器(230),所述副热交换器包括副热供应连接部(231)、通过所述副热交换器(230)气动地连接到副供应连接部(231)的副热传递连接部(233),副冷供应连接部(235)和通过所述副热交换器(230)气动地连接到所述副冷供应连接部(235)的副冷排出连接部(237),其中,从所述调节阀(210)出发的高压管(250)经过在所述副热供应连部(231)和所述副热传递连接部(233)之间的副热交换器(230),
-副供应管(232),所述副供应管连接到所述副冷供应连接部(235),向所述副热交换器(230)供应来自所述风机管道(74)的冷空气,并且包括副调节阀(234),
-副排出管(236),所述副排出管连接到所述副冷排出连接部(237)并且将空气排放到所述风机管道(74),
-温度传感器(223),所述温度传感器测量通过传递管(222)离开所述主热交换器(202)的热空气的温度,以及
-控制单元(224),所述控制单元根据所述温度传感器(223)测量的温度和通过所述传递管(222)离开所述主热交换器(202)的热空气的期望温度对所述主调节阀(218)和所述副调节阀(234)进行控制。
2.如权利要求1所述的推进系统(15),其特征在于,所述推进系统包括具有主结构(50)的挂架(12),所述挂架支撑所述涡轮喷气发动机(70),所述主热交换器(202)位于所述主结构(50)上方并且在所述风机管道(74)中,而所述副热交换器(230)位于所述主结构(50)下方并且在所述风机管道(74)中。
3.一种飞行器(10),包括至少一个如权利要求1所述的推进系统(15)。
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