CN111674524B - Bottom-up molded line layered design method for ballastless water ship - Google Patents
Bottom-up molded line layered design method for ballastless water ship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A bottom-up molded line layered design method for a ballast-free water vessel belongs to the technical field of ballast-free water vessel design. The design method fully considers various typical loading conditions of the ship in the design process, takes the design of zero-pressure water loading of the ship as a premise, and meets the requirements of required floating state and other performance under various loading conditions in operation under the condition of no water loading under pressurization in the whole process of profile design. After the change rule of the drainage volume and the floating center coordinate along with the height of the waterline is determined, the molded lines are designed from bottom to top one by one under working conditions until the molded lines are designed to the highest point of the main hull, and the floating state under various loading conditions is controlled, so that the molded lines meet various requirements of standard stability, floating state, propeller immersion and the like, and the true ballast-free water ship molded line design is realized. The method solves the problems that the existing design method of the ship without ballast water has the defects of insufficient no-load navigation stability, small amount of ballast water adjustment, ship resistance increase and the like, and the ship is difficult to sail without ballast water completely.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bottom-up molded line layered design method for a ballast-free ship, which can be used for design and development of a novel ballast-free ship and belongs to the technical field of design of ballast-free ships.
Background
The problem of ship ballast water has been a global concern, and environmental pollution and species migration caused by the problem have seriously affected the ecological balance of some port countries. Various treatment methods have been used for ballast water problems for a long time, but none of them can completely solve the problem, and some of them can even cause irreversible secondary pollution. At present, the common treatment method is to add a ballast water treatment system to a ship, and discharge the ballast water after the ballast water is treated to reach the standard before the ballast water is discharged. Ballast water treatment system has a lot of drawbacks, firstly whether can effectively kill the biology in the ballast water and make it reach the standard requirement, secondly, the transportation and the processing of ballast water have greatly increased the cost of transportation.
In order to solve the problem of ship ballast water once and for all, a design idea of a ship without ballast water is provided. The ship can meet normal navigation under various loading conditions and sea conditions without additionally arranging ballast water through transformation of the hull profile, and the capacity, the floating state, the stability, the resistance performance and the like of the ship can meet the requirements of specification and use.
The international design of the ship without ballast water at present mainly comprises three methods: one is a V-shaped NOBS hull design scheme; secondly, a ship body design scheme of a through flow system; and thirdly, the design scheme of the ship body with a single structure. However, the three ship types have the defects of insufficient no-load navigation stability, small amount of ballast water for adjustment, increased ship resistance and the like, and the navigation without ballast water is difficult to realize. For example, in the design scheme of the V-shaped NOBS hull, although the problem of ballast water can be solved by the conversion method, the balance of the center of gravity and the floating center under different loading conditions is not fully considered in the design process, so that the floating state of the ship is difficult to control well, the ship cannot be guaranteed to be always in a reasonable floating state under various loading conditions, economic problems such as increased resistance, increased fuel consumption and the like are caused, and safety problems such as insufficient stability and the like are caused. At present, various countries actively research and develop ballastless water ships, and on the premise of meeting the requirements of safety, economy and environmental protection, the ships can really sail without ballast water.
The existing ship type without ballast water still adopts the integral design method of the conventional ship type line, namely, the full-load working condition is taken as the only design state, and the performance is checked after the design is finished. If the end-to-end draft does not meet the navigation requirement in no-load and light-load, the ballast water is adjusted, so that a ballast water tank and a ballast water system have to be arranged on the ship. In order to completely cancel ballast water for a transport ship, a ship without ballast water is designed, and a brand-new design method of the ship without ballast water is urgently needed, so that the ship without ballast water is suitable for being used in ship profile design in which the buoyancy and stability of the ship need to be adjusted by using ballast water when the ship is in no-load or light-load navigation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide innovation on a design method so as to solve the problem of design and development of a ship profile without ballast water. The invention provides a layered design method for a molded line of a ship without ballast water from bottom to top, which is characterized in that various typical loading conditions of the ship are fully considered in the design process, and on the premise of designing zero-pressure water loading of the ship, the molded line can meet the requirements of required floating state and other performances under various loading conditions in operation under the condition of no water loading under pressure in the whole process of molded line design. After the change rule of the drainage volume and the centroid coordinate of the drainage volume along with the height of the waterline is determined, the molded lines are designed one by one from bottom to top until the molded lines are designed to the highest point of the main hull.
The design steps adopted for solving the design problem are as follows:
a method for designing a molded line layer from bottom to top of a ballastless water vessel takes the ship length, the ship width, the profile depth, the draught, the square coefficient, the displacement and the floating center coordinate of a full-load design state as input conditions of molded line design, and comprises the following design steps:
a. determining the lowest waterline according to the specification and the use requirement: taking a lowest waterline with a tail inclination as a lowest waterline when tail draft meets propeller water burying and first draft meets the regulation of a standard;
b. according to the estimated weight of the no-load ship, calculating a gravity center coordinate, and determining a displacement and a floating center coordinate corresponding to the lowest waterline according to the gravity center coordinate;
c. determining the highest waterline and displacement: calculating full-load draft and corresponding water discharge or overload draft and corresponding water discharge according to input conditions of profile design, and determining floating center coordinates according to design requirements to enable the floating state corresponding to the highest waterline to be a positive floating state without head and tail inclination;
d. determining a plurality of intermediate waterlines between the lowest waterline and the highest waterline according to the principle that the tail inclination gradually decreases from bottom to top, calculating the ship weight and gravity center coordinates corresponding to each intermediate waterline, and calculating due coordinates of the floating center;
e. converting the head and tail draught with trim waterlines into average draught corresponding to a horizontal waterline by adopting an approximate method;
f. drawing curves of the variation of the floating center ordinate, the water displacement, the first draught and the tail draught to the average draught, wherein the 4 curves are smooth curves;
g. designing hull molded lines layer by layer from bottom to top according to the curve drawn in the step f, ensuring that the gravity center and the floating center are on the same vertical line, and meeting the standard requirements on draught, floating state and stability;
h. modifying the hull profile designed in the step g according to the smoothness requirement;
i. calculating and checking hydrostatic performance and stability performance, confirming that all performances of the ship body under different loading conditions meet the specification and use requirements, and returning to the step g for adjustment and modification if the performances do not meet the specification and use requirements;
j. local trimming of molded lines: c, under the premise of ensuring that the buoyancy and stability performance of the ship meet the requirements, locally finishing and smoothing the molded line corresponding to the middle waterline determined in the step d;
k. after the molded line design below the hull waterline is completed, the molded line design of the part between the waterline and the hull deck is designed, the requirement of the total molded volume between the base line and the deck of the designed ship is met, the height of the freeboard is determined, and the molded line design of the part above the design waterline is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for designing the molded lines of the ballastless water ship in a layered mode from bottom to top takes the ship length, the ship width, the profile depth, the draft, the square coefficient, the displacement and the floating center coordinate of a full-load design state as input conditions of molded line design, sequentially carries out the molded line design of a hull of the ship from bottom to top on the designed ship in a ballastless no-load arrival port, ballastless no-load departure port, full-load arrival port and full-load departure port, controls the floating state under various load conditions, enables the floating state to meet the requirements of the specification and the use on stability, the floating state, the propeller immersion depth and the like, and realizes the real molded line design of the ballastless water ship. The method solves the problems that the existing design method of the ship without ballast water has the defects of insufficient no-load navigation stability, small amount of ballast water adjustment, ship resistance increase and the like, and the ship is difficult to sail without ballast water completely.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a bottom-up molded line layer design method for a ballastless water vessel.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a ballast-free ship-line design.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the unballasted water tanker in the example.
Fig. 4 is a water line diagram of the non-ballast water tanker in the example.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a non-ballasted water-oil tanker.
Detailed Description
The flow of the bottom-up molded line layered design method of the ballastless water vessel related by the invention is shown in fig. 1 and 2. The ship has different drafts (the crossline is the waterline) in different loading situations. If the floating state problem under different loading conditions is solved, the molded line design is carried out step by step from shallow to deep, so that the gravity center and the floating center are on the same vertical line under different loading conditions, and the method is a bottom-up molded line layered design method.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in connection with designing a particular tanker as a non-ballasted water tanker as a particular implementation. In order to design the oil tanker profile which does not need ballast water and meets the performance specification requirements, the length, the width, the depth, the draft, the square coefficient, the displacement, the floating center coordinate of a full-load design state and the like of a main scale of a designed ship are input firstly. Then, carrying out specific design:
a. according to the condition that the tail draft of the ship meets the propeller water burying requirement, the first draft reaches the regulation of national legal inspection technical rules for sailing seacraft, and a waterline with a tail dip is determined to be the lowest waterline based on the no-load harbor-arriving loading condition of the design ship.
b. And estimating the weight of the empty ship of the designed ship, the weight of residual oil and water and the like, and calculating the longitudinal and vertical coordinates of the gravity center so as to calculate the displacement and the floating center coordinate corresponding to the lowest waterline.
c. And determining the displacement and the floating center coordinate corresponding to the highest waterline under the condition that the design ship is fully loaded and is out of port based on design input, and controlling the floating state to be a forward floating state without head and tail inclination.
d. Between the lowest waterline and the highest waterline, according to the principle that the bottom gradually decreases toward the tail, a plurality of intermediate waterlines are determined, such as waterlines under load conditions of no-load arrival at port, no-load departure from port, full-load arrival at port, full-load departure from port and the like, the corresponding weight and gravity center coordinates of each intermediate waterline are calculated, and the due coordinates of the floating center are calculated at the same time.
e. And converting the head and tail draught with the trim waterline into the average draught corresponding to the horizontal waterline by adopting an approximate method.
f. And drawing up the variation curve of the floating center ordinate, the water displacement, the first draught and the tail draught to the average draught.
g. And f, designing hull molded lines layer by layer from bottom to top according to the curves drawn in the step f, ensuring that the gravity center and the floating center are on the same vertical line, and meeting relevant standard requirements on draught, floating state, stability and the like.
h. And g, modifying the molded line according to the requirement of smoothness on the basis of the design completion of the step g.
I. And calculating and checking hydrostatic performance, stability performance and the like, and confirming that all performances of the ship body under different loading conditions meet the standard requirements. If not, returning to the step g to adjust the modification again.
J. And (4) performing molded line design of a part between the highest waterline and the hull deck on the basis of the molded line design. And ensuring that the total profile volume between the base line and the deck of the design ship meets the requirement, determining the height of the freeboard and finishing the profile design of the part above the design waterline.
K. The molded line designed according to the steps can meet the requirement of no-ballast water for the ship, but the performances of the ship, such as molded line resistance, and the like, have a great improvement space. At this time, local trimming and fairing are performed on molded lines corresponding to the plurality of intermediate waterlines determined in the step d on the premise that the performances such as the floating state and stability of the ship meet the requirements, and the hydrodynamic performance of the ship is further improved.
The steps are a specific implementation mode of the bottom-up molded line layered design method of the ballastless water ship, namely, a plurality of specific loading conditions (draught) are selected, from the lowest draught to the highest draught, the molded line at the bottommost is designed firstly, then the molded line is gradually increased to the next draught, the molded line from the lowest draught to the middle part of the draught line is designed, and then the molded line is increased to the next draught line, so that the ship is propelled, and the whole ship design is completed step by step.
According to the bottom-up molded line layered design method for the non-ballast water ship, the molded lines of the ship body are designed from bottom to top according to the sequence of ship draught from small to large corresponding to each typical load condition, so that the ship can meet the performance requirements of propeller immersion, ship floating state, stability and the like without ballast water under each load condition. The method takes the design of the length, the width, the depth, the draft, the square coefficient, the displacement, the floating center coordinate of a fully loaded design state and the like of a ship main scale as input conditions of profile design, takes the balance between the gravity center and the floating center of a ballast-free ship and the floating state control of the ship as the key points of the profile design of a ship body, and adopts the step-by-step draft design from small to large according to different loading conditions to finally obtain the ballast-free ship body profile meeting the standard requirements. The method starts from the lowest ship draught loading condition, namely (no-load to port draught), firstly designs the hull profile of the part below the lowest waterline, controls the floating state and the draught of the hull to meet the performance requirements of no-load sailing, such as propeller draught, floating state, stability and the like, then gradually heightens the waterline according to different loading conditions to complete the corresponding hull profile design until the ship is fully loaded out of port loading condition, and completes the profile design of the whole ship. The hull design of each stage meets the performance requirements of draught, floating state, stability and the like under the condition of no ballast water, so that a hull profile without ballast water can be finally obtained. The final design results for a ballast-free tanker designed according to the above steps are shown in fig. 3-5.
The method for designing the molded lines of the ballast-free ship in a layered mode from bottom to top provides complete and clear design steps and processes, the design and development of the ballast-free ship can be conveniently carried out on duty, compared with the existing design method, the floating state can be strictly controlled, the floating state and stability of the ship under each loading condition are controlled as starting points of design, the floating state under each different loading condition can be accurately controlled, the stability under each loading condition meets the standard requirement, the real ballast-free design is realized, the overall performance of the ship is guaranteed to meet the standard requirement, the total resistance of the ship is not increased, the performance check meets the requirement, the design scheme is feasible, the ballast water treatment cost is saved, and the design scheme has better economy. Therefore, the method for designing the molded line layer from bottom to top of the ballastless water ship has good application value.
Claims (1)
1. A method for designing a molded line layer from bottom to top of a ballastless water vessel takes the ship length, the ship width, the profile depth, the draught, the square coefficient, the displacement and the floating center coordinate of a full-load design state as input conditions of molded line design, and is characterized by comprising the following design steps:
a. determining the lowest waterline according to the specification and the use requirement: taking a lowest waterline with a tail dip as a lowest waterline under the condition that the tail draft meets the propeller water burying and the first draft reaches the regulation of national sailing sea ship legal inspection technical rules;
b. according to the estimated weight of the no-load ship, calculating a gravity center coordinate, and determining a displacement and a floating center coordinate corresponding to the lowest waterline according to the gravity center coordinate;
c. determining the highest waterline and displacement: calculating full-load draft and corresponding water discharge or overload draft and corresponding water discharge according to input conditions of profile design, and determining floating center coordinates according to design requirements to enable the floating state corresponding to the highest waterline to be a positive floating state without head and tail inclination;
d. determining a plurality of intermediate waterlines between the lowest waterline and the highest waterline according to the principle that the tail inclination gradually decreases from bottom to top, calculating the ship weight and gravity center coordinates corresponding to each intermediate waterline, and calculating due coordinates of the floating center;
e. converting the head and tail draught with trim waterlines into average draught corresponding to a horizontal waterline by adopting an approximate method;
f. drawing curves of the variation of the floating center ordinate, the water displacement, the first draught and the tail draught to the average draught, wherein the 4 curves are smooth curves;
g. designing hull molded lines layer by layer from bottom to top according to the curve drawn in the step f, ensuring that the gravity center and the floating center are on the same vertical line, and meeting the standard requirements on draught, floating state and stability;
h. modifying the hull profile designed in the step g according to the smoothness requirement;
i. calculating and checking hydrostatic performance and stability performance, confirming that all performances of the ship body under different loading conditions meet the specification and use requirements, and returning to the step g for adjustment and modification if the performances do not meet the specification and use requirements;
j. local trimming of molded lines: c, under the premise of ensuring that the buoyancy and stability performance of the ship meet the requirements, locally finishing and smoothing the molded line corresponding to the middle waterline determined in the step d;
k. after the molded line design below the hull waterline is completed, the molded line design of the part between the waterline and the hull deck is designed, the requirement of the total molded volume between the base line and the deck of the designed ship is met, the height of the freeboard is determined, and the molded line design of the part above the design waterline is completed.
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| KR20200059839A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-29 | 한국해양과학기술원 | System and method for calculating frictional resistance of floating ice based on hull shape information |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103057658A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-24 | 大连船舶重工集团有限公司 | Less ballast water single paddle ship line |
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