CN111672280A - Solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower and operation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111672280A
CN111672280A CN202010432581.1A CN202010432581A CN111672280A CN 111672280 A CN111672280 A CN 111672280A CN 202010432581 A CN202010432581 A CN 202010432581A CN 111672280 A CN111672280 A CN 111672280A
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tower
carbon dioxide
trapping
solar
atmosphere
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李娜
黄少轩
朱建军
徐德全
王梓程
周屈兰
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower and an operation method thereof, wherein the carbon dioxide capturing tower comprises: a hyperbolic trap tower; the outer wall of the hyperbolic type trapping tower is provided with a solar energy absorption coating used for absorbing gas in the solar energy heating tower; the top of the hyperbolic type trapping tower is provided with an air extractor, and the bottom of the hyperbolic type trapping tower is provided with a rich liquid outlet; a barren liquor pool and a trapping filler are sequentially arranged between the air extraction device and the rich liquor outlet from top to bottom; the barren liquor pool is provided with a plurality of outlets, and the outlets are provided with pressurizing nozzles; and a barren liquor conveying pipeline is arranged at an inlet of the barren liquor pool and is used for being communicated with the outside. According to the invention, the mass transfer rate between the carbon dioxide trapping liquid and the atmosphere is enhanced, the carbon dioxide trapping efficiency is enhanced, and the carbon dioxide with low concentration in the atmosphere can be efficiently absorbed.

Description

Solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower and operation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture, and particularly relates to a solar-driven carbon dioxide capture tower and an operation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the global industrialization degree in recent years, the emission of carbon dioxide is also continuously improved, the emission of the global carbon dioxide reaches 368 hundred million tons in 2019, and the reduction of the carbon emission becomes a problem which needs to be confronted by all human beings. The existing carbon dioxide capturing technology is mainly used for capturing and treating high-concentration carbon dioxide; in practice, however, it is more desirable to treat low concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
There are three main methods of carbon dioxide capture today: 1. absorption method; 2. adsorption method; 3. a membrane separation method; among them, the absorption method is to utilize the property of carbon dioxide acid gas to react with weak alkaline substance and then decompose into carbon dioxide gas, but the method is difficult to be applied to low-concentration CO2Absorption, a stronger driving force is required to drive the capture liquid towards CO2Absorption of (2); the adsorption method is to utilize some solid adsorbents to adsorb CO2Adsorption is carried out, but this method has a small amount of adsorption and poor selectivity, and CO is mainly carried out by a temperature difference or a pressure difference2Absorption of (2); the membrane separation method is to use polymeric polymer materials, such as polyimide, cellulose acetate and the like to prepare a membrane, separate the gases by using different permeabilities of the membrane to different gases, and drive the separation of the gases by using the pressure difference between two sides of the membrane, but the separation effect of the method is poor, and the method can be used for separating low-concentration CO in the atmosphere2(350-450ppm(ml/m3) Efficient absorption is difficult to achieve.
In summary, the existing devices and methods cannot efficiently absorb low-concentration carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and a new solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower and an operation method thereof are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower and an operation method thereof, which aim to solve the technical problem that low-concentration carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is difficult to absorb efficiently. According to the invention, the mass transfer rate between the carbon dioxide trapping liquid and the atmosphere is enhanced, the carbon dioxide trapping efficiency is enhanced, and the carbon dioxide with low concentration in the atmosphere can be efficiently absorbed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower, which comprises: a hyperbolic trap tower;
the outer wall of the hyperbolic type trapping tower is provided with a solar energy absorption coating used for absorbing gas in the solar energy heating tower;
the top of the hyperbolic type trapping tower is provided with an air extractor, and the bottom of the hyperbolic type trapping tower is provided with a rich liquid outlet;
a barren liquor pool and a trapping filler are sequentially arranged between the air extraction device and the rich liquor outlet from top to bottom;
the barren liquor pool is provided with a plurality of outlets, and the outlets are provided with pressurizing nozzles; and a barren liquor conveying pipeline is arranged at an inlet of the barren liquor pool and is used for being communicated with the outside.
A further development of the invention is that the lean liquor conveying pipe is provided with a throttle valve.
The invention further improves the method and also comprises the following steps: and the rich liquid tank is arranged below the rich liquid outlet.
In a further development of the invention, the trapping filler is a multilayer trapping filler; and truss structures are adopted for supporting among the trapping fillers of all layers.
A further development of the invention is that the suction device is a suction fan or a pump.
A further development of the invention is that the pressure nozzles are arranged uniformly.
A further improvement of the present invention is that a carbon dioxide capture catalyst is added to the capture pack.
The invention relates to an operation method of a solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower, which comprises the following steps:
inputting the barren solution into a barren solution pool through a barren solution conveying pipeline, and spraying the barren solution through a pressurizing spray head;
a pneumatic air extractor for moving the atmosphere from the bottom of the hyperbolic trapping tower to the top of the tower;
solar energy is absorbed through a solar energy absorption coating on the outer wall of the hyperbolic-type capturing tower, so that the temperature of the hyperbolic-type capturing tower is increased, the temperature of the atmosphere in the hyperbolic-type capturing tower is increased, a temperature difference is generated between the temperature of the atmosphere and the atmosphere outside the capturing tower, and the flow rate of the atmosphere in the capturing tower is increased;
the mass transfer is carried out between the atmosphere and the barren solution and the trapping filler, so that the carbon dioxide trapping is realized;
and the trapped rich liquid is output through a rich liquid outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device has a novel structure, the flow velocity of the atmosphere is improved through the hyperbolic tower, and simultaneously, according to the chimney effect principle, the solar energy absorption coating is coated on the outer wall of the capturing tower, so that the temperature of the capturing tower is increased, heat is transferred to the air in the capturing tower, the temperature of the air is increased, the temperature difference is generated between the air and the air outside the capturing tower, the flow velocity in the capturing tower is also improved, and the CO is improved2Mass transfer efficiency with the capture liquid; the capture lean solution is changed into liquid drops through the pressurizing nozzle group, and the specific surface area of the capture solution is increased; the multi-layered packing provides a trapping environment for the process and catalyzes the trapping process.
In the invention, the flow of the capture liquid is controlled by the throttle valve arranged in the barren solution conveying pipeline so as to realize high-efficiency capture, the content of carbon dioxide gas in the pregnant solution is increased as much as possible, and the process efficiency is improved.
In the invention, the rich solution is collected in the rich solution pool at the bottom of the capturing tower and is output to the next stage through a pipeline.
In the invention, the solid catalytic filler is additionally arranged in the capturing tower, so that the capturing efficiency of the carbon dioxide can be enhanced; the fillers are supported by a truss structure, so that the air inflow of the atmosphere is improved; the multiple trapping mode also improves the trapping efficiency.
In the invention, the top end of the capturing tower is additionally provided with the exhaust fan to improve the flow velocity of air, improve the mass transfer efficiency and continuously adjust the CO at the bottom2The higher content of atmospheric air is sucked in, and CO is absorbed at the top2Large with lower contentAnd (4) exhausting the gas.
In the invention, the trapping catalyst is added into the trapping filler to improve the trapping efficiency.
The operation method can realize high-efficiency absorption of low-concentration carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through the device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below; it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar powered carbon dioxide capture tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in FIG. 1, an exhaust fan; 2. a hyperbolic trap tower; 3. a barren liquor delivery conduit; 4. a throttle valve; 5. a pressurized spray head; 6. trapping the filler; 7. a rich liquid outlet; 8. and a rich liquid pool.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical effect and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following clearly and completely describes the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments, which can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the disclosed embodiments without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a solar-powered carbon dioxide capturing tower according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a rich liquid pool 8, a rich liquid outlet 7, a trapping filler 6, a pressurizing spray head 5, a throttle valve 4, a barren liquor conveying pipeline 3, a hyperbolic trapping tower 2 and an air draft device.
The air extraction device is an exhaust fan 1 or a pump.
The outer wall of the hyperbolic type trapping tower 2 is coated with solar energy absorption coating; from the top in the towerThe lower part is an exhaust fan arranged at the top end of the trapping tower; a barren liquor pool; a pressurized nozzle group below the hyperbolic throat; trapping filler 6 (which may be a four-layer carbon dioxide trapping base); and a rich liquid pool. The solar energy absorbing coating on the outer wall absorbs solar energy and is used for heating the hyperbolic type trapping tower 2, so that the temperature of air in the tower rises, and the density of the air in the tower falls to cause the air in the tower to flow upwards so as to strengthen the flow velocity of the air; the exhaust fan 1 at the top of the hyperbolic trapping tower 2 adopts a pipeline exhaust fan and is arranged at the top end of the hyperbolic tower, and CO is discharged from the pipeline exhaust fan2The barren liquor of the liquid catching and collecting is conveyed to a barren liquor pool through a pipeline, a throttle valve 4 is arranged in the pipeline to control the flow of the liquid catching and collecting, and spray heads which are uniformly distributed are arranged below the barren liquor pool to uniformly spray the barren liquor. The spray head is a pressurized spray head 5.
Four groups of catalytic fillers with equal vertical intervals are arranged below the spray head, the middle capturing tower of the catalytic fillers is supported by a truss structure so that more atmosphere can enter the capturing tower, and the bottom layer is a rich liquid pool for collecting and absorbing CO2The liquid is collected.
According to the definition of the mass transfer rate controlled by the gas film, the following two ways of improving the mass transfer rate are available: the gas flow rate is increased; enhancing the degree of gas phase turbulence (increasing the reynolds number). The invention utilizes the exhaust fan and the hyperbolic tower to accelerate the speed of the atmosphere in the tower, thereby improving the capture efficiency of the carbon dioxide. The invention adds a throttle valve in the barren liquor delivery pipeline to control the flow of barren liquor. According to the invention, the lean solution is changed into liquid drops through the pressurizing nozzle, so that the specific surface area of the lean solution is increased, the contact between the capture liquid and the atmosphere is improved, and the efficiency is further improved. According to the invention, four layers of the filler are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and the truss is adopted between each layer, so that the air input is improved. According to the invention, the solar energy absorption coating is coated on the outer wall of the hyperbolic curve type trapping tower, so that the temperature of the air in the tower is raised, the temperature difference is generated between the air and the atmosphere outside the tower, and the air flow speed in the tower is improved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an operation method of a solar-powered carbon dioxide capture tower for efficiently absorbing low-concentration carbon dioxide in the atmosphere includes: barren liquor enters from a barren liquor conveying pipeline 3 and is sprayed down through a pressurizing spray head 5, an exhaust fan 1 is started to enable the atmosphere to move upwards from the bottom of the hyperbolic trapping tower 2, meanwhile, a solar energy absorbing coating on the outer wall of the hyperbolic trapping tower 2 absorbs solar energy, so that the temperature of the hyperbolic trapping tower 2 is increased, the temperature of the atmosphere in the hyperbolic trapping tower 2 is increased, a temperature difference is generated between the temperature of the atmosphere and the atmosphere outside the tower, and the air flow speed in the tower is further increased. The mass transfer of the atmosphere, the trapping liquid and the four layers of trapping filler is carried out, namely the carbon dioxide trapping process; the collected rich solution falls into a rich solution pool 8 at the bottom through a rich solution outlet 7 and then is led out of the device through a rich solution pipeline.
According to the invention, based on the principle of heat exchange of a natural ventilation cooling tower, the flow speed of the atmosphere in the tower is enhanced through the exhaust fan 1 and the hyperbolic type collecting tower 2, the temperature difference is formed by utilizing the chimney principle and utilizing solar energy to increase the temperature of the atmosphere in the tower, and the flow speed of the atmosphere in the tower is further increased; meanwhile, the radius of the collected liquid is reduced by a pressurizing nozzle 5 to increase the specific surface area, so that the collected liquid and CO are mixed2Has higher mass transfer efficiency. In the invention, the gas phase mass transfer coefficient is improved by various measures, so that CO is improved2The collection efficiency.
Preferably, the trapping efficiency can be improved by adding a trapping catalyst to the trapping packing 6.
Preferably, the flow rate is controlled by means of a throttle valve 4, the main function being that in a practical capture system, downstream of the capture, there is generally a desorption device, the rate of desorption being generally less than the capture rate, and the capture rate can be controlled by means of a throttle valve, matched to the downstream process.
Preferably, the trapping fillers 6 are supported by a truss structure, so that the air inflow of the atmosphere is improved. The multiple trapping mode also improves the trapping efficiency.
In summary, the invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture, in particular to a device for improving the capture efficiency of carbon dioxide by using a natural ventilation tower; the invention provides a carbon dioxide capturing tower which comprises a pregnant solution pool, a pregnant solution outlet, four layers of capturing fillers, a pressurizing nozzle, a throttle valve, a barren solution conveying pipeline, a hyperbolic capturing tower and an exhaust fan, wherein the outer wall of the hyperbolic capturing tower is coated with solar energy absorption coating. The exhaust fan extracts air upwards to make the air flow from bottom to top. Hyperbolic typeThe air is accelerated to flow below the throat part of the capturing tower, and meanwhile, the solar energy absorbing material is coated on the outer wall of the capturing tower, so that the temperature of the capturing tower is increased, the air in the capturing tower is heated, and the temperature difference is generated between the air and the atmosphere outside the capturing tower, so that the flow of the air from bottom to top is accelerated. The pressurizing nozzle sprays the trapping barren solution downwards to perform convective mass transfer with the upward flowing atmosphere in the trapping filler to trap CO2. And the trapped rich solution falls into a rich solution pool to be discharged, and trapping is completed. The invention is based on the principle of heat exchange enhancement of a natural ventilation cooling tower, simultaneously utilizes the chimney effect to enhance the mass transfer rate between the carbon dioxide capture liquid and the atmosphere, and simultaneously enhances the capture efficiency of the carbon dioxide by additionally arranging the solid catalytic filler in the capture tower.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the claims of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A solar-powered carbon dioxide capture tower, comprising: a hyperbolic trap tower (2);
the outer wall of the hyperbolic type capturing tower (2) is provided with a solar energy absorption coating for absorbing gas in the solar energy heating tower;
the top of the hyperbolic type trapping tower (2) is provided with an air extractor, and the bottom of the hyperbolic type trapping tower is provided with a rich liquid outlet (7);
a barren liquor pool and a trapping filler (6) are sequentially arranged between the air extraction device and the rich liquor outlet (7) from top to bottom;
the barren liquor pool is provided with a plurality of outlets, and the outlets are provided with pressurizing nozzles (5); and a barren liquor conveying pipeline (3) is arranged at an inlet of the barren liquor pool and is used for being communicated with the outside.
2. A solar driven carbon dioxide capture tower according to claim 1, wherein the lean liquid transfer duct (3) is provided with a throttle valve (4).
3. The solar driven carbon dioxide capture tower of claim 1, further comprising:
the rich liquid pool (8), the rich liquid pool (8) is arranged below the rich liquid outlet (7).
4. A solar driven carbon dioxide capture column according to claim 1, characterized in that the capture packing (6) is a multilayer capture packing; and the trapping fillers (6) of each layer are supported by adopting a truss structure.
5. The solar driven carbon dioxide capture tower of claim 4, wherein the plurality of layers of capture packing are equally spaced.
6. A solar driven carbon dioxide capture tower according to claim 1, wherein the air extraction means is an exhaust fan (1) or a pump.
7. A solar-powered carbon dioxide capture column according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressurizing nozzles (5) are evenly arranged.
8. A solar-powered carbon dioxide capture column as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a carbon dioxide capture catalyst is added to the capture packing (6).
9. A method of operating a solar-powered carbon dioxide capture column as recited in claim 1, comprising:
the barren liquor is input into a barren liquor pool through a barren liquor conveying pipeline (3) and sprayed through a pressurizing spray head (5);
a pneumatic air extractor for moving the atmosphere from the bottom of the hyperbolic trapping tower (2) to the top of the tower;
solar energy is absorbed through a solar energy absorption coating on the outer wall of the hyperbolic type capturing tower (2), so that the temperature of the hyperbolic type capturing tower (2) is increased, the temperature of the atmosphere in the hyperbolic type capturing tower (2) is increased, a temperature difference is generated between the atmospheric temperature and the atmosphere outside the tower, and the flow rate of the atmosphere in the tower is increased;
the mass transfer is carried out between the atmosphere and the barren solution and between the atmosphere and the trapping filler (6) to realize the carbon dioxide trapping;
the collected rich liquid is output through a rich liquid outlet (7).
CN202010432581.1A 2020-05-20 2020-05-20 Solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower and operation method thereof Pending CN111672280A (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201558659U (en) * 2009-12-14 2010-08-25 华能集团技术创新中心 Flue gas carbon dioxide capture device and regenerator thereof
CN202605989U (en) * 2012-06-07 2012-12-19 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Carbon dioxide capture and regeneration device
US20140301927A1 (en) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Carbon dioxide capturing system and method of operating same
CN104174273A (en) * 2014-08-12 2014-12-03 天津大学 Direct solar driven carbon dioxide flash evaporation and desorption integrated system and method
CN105080324A (en) * 2015-08-31 2015-11-25 西安交通大学 Jet tower for catching carbon dioxide in smoke gas through spraying, jet absorption test system and method
CN205878949U (en) * 2016-08-16 2017-01-11 西安热工研究院有限公司 Power plant of solar drive uses composite cooling tower
CN111120217A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-08 山西平朔煤矸石发电有限责任公司 Wind power generation tower coupling solar energy
CN212327862U (en) * 2020-05-20 2021-01-12 西安交通大学 Solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201558659U (en) * 2009-12-14 2010-08-25 华能集团技术创新中心 Flue gas carbon dioxide capture device and regenerator thereof
CN202605989U (en) * 2012-06-07 2012-12-19 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Carbon dioxide capture and regeneration device
US20140301927A1 (en) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Carbon dioxide capturing system and method of operating same
CN104174273A (en) * 2014-08-12 2014-12-03 天津大学 Direct solar driven carbon dioxide flash evaporation and desorption integrated system and method
CN105080324A (en) * 2015-08-31 2015-11-25 西安交通大学 Jet tower for catching carbon dioxide in smoke gas through spraying, jet absorption test system and method
CN205878949U (en) * 2016-08-16 2017-01-11 西安热工研究院有限公司 Power plant of solar drive uses composite cooling tower
CN111120217A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-08 山西平朔煤矸石发电有限责任公司 Wind power generation tower coupling solar energy
CN212327862U (en) * 2020-05-20 2021-01-12 西安交通大学 Solar-driven carbon dioxide capturing tower

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