CN111668508B - Flow channel structure of bipolar plate of hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents

Flow channel structure of bipolar plate of hydrogen fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111668508B
CN111668508B CN202010547556.8A CN202010547556A CN111668508B CN 111668508 B CN111668508 B CN 111668508B CN 202010547556 A CN202010547556 A CN 202010547556A CN 111668508 B CN111668508 B CN 111668508B
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flow channel
plate
bipolar plate
curved
shaped
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CN111668508A (en
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李铁军
王宏宇
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Hydrogen Source Technology Ganzhou Co Ltd
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Hydrogen Source Technology Ganzhou Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0263Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0265Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a flow channel structure of a bipolar plate of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a bipolar plate main body, wherein the bipolar plate main body consists of a cathode plate and an anode plate, the surface of the cathode plate is provided with a plurality of groups of D-shaped bulges, the plurality of groups of D-shaped bulges are arranged in an array manner, the cathode plate is provided with a straight edge flow channel and a curved edge flow channel, the straight edge flow channel and the curved edge flow channel are respectively provided with a plurality of groups, the plurality of groups of straight edge flow channels and the curved edge flow channels are arranged in a staggered manner, the anode plate is provided with convex ridges, one side of the convex ridges is provided with a first flow channel, and a cooling water flow channel is formed between the convex ridges and the cathode plate. According to the invention, the D-shaped bulges are arranged on the cathode plate, so that when cathode airflow passes through a single D-shaped bulge, gas flow speed difference is generated on two sides of the D-shaped bulge, a certain pressure difference is generated, and gas diffusion from high pressure to low pressure area through the gas diffusion layer is promoted; through designing D type protruding both sides into the streamlined of similar wing cross-section, more do benefit to the ponding of blowing protruding both sides.

Description

Flow channel structure of bipolar plate of hydrogen fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a bipolar plate flow channel structure of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell stack is the most core part of the fuel cell, and its core components include a membrane electrode, a gas diffusion layer, and a bipolar plate, etc. The bipolar plate is also called a current collecting plate (or called a separator), is one of important components of the fuel cell, directly influences the weight and the volume of the stack, can play roles of collecting and conducting current, separating reaction gas, preventing gas from permeating, supporting the cell, cooling and the like, and directly determines the output power and the service life of the stack; the bipolar plates are mainly divided into graphite bipolar plates, composite bipolar plates and metal bipolar plates. The metal sheet has high strength and good electric and heat conducting properties, the raw materials are cheap and suitable for mass production, and the metal sheet is the mainstream choice for fuel cell industrialization. The mainstream manufacturing process of the metal bipolar plate is a metal stamping (hydraulic) forming process; the flow field design of the bipolar plate is a big key, and the form and structure of the flow field play a key role in the flowing, distribution, diffusion and the like of reactants and products in the electric pile. Whether the design of the flow field is reasonable or not directly influences whether the galvanic pile can normally operate or not; because of the important position of the bipolar plate in the fuel cell stack, higher requirements are also put forward on the design and processing of the flow channel of the bipolar plate, wherein the drainage and gas diffusion capacity of the bipolar plate are important indexes for measuring the performance of the bipolar plate.
At present, a multi-channel linear or snake-shaped flow field structure is generally adopted by a hydrogen and air (oxygen) side flow channel of a bipolar plate, but the following problems are easily generated in practice, and the power density and the service life of a fuel cell are reduced:
1. the part of the ridge or the surface of the bipolar plate, which is in contact with the gas diffusion layer, and the periphery of the ridge or the surface of the bipolar plate are accumulated with water, so that the bipolar plate is not easy to be swept completely (with sweeping dead angles) by the airflow in the flow channel (groove), and is easy to generate a local water flooding phenomenon. Long-term water accumulation of the diffusion layer can cause the hydrophobic property of the diffusion layer to be degraded, water blocks pores of the diffusion layer, the gas guiding capacity of the diffusion layer is reduced, the gas diffusion efficiency is reduced, and finally the power density and the service life of the fuel cell are reduced;
2. the accumulated water causes the blockage of a flow passage, the condition of hydrogen deficiency is locally formed on the hydrogen side in the operation of the battery under certain conditions, and the reverse pole phenomenon (namely electrolytic water and carbon corrosion reaction) occurs, wherein the carbon corrosion reaction corrodes the carbon carrier of the catalyst, so that the catalyst (platinum particles) loses the support and forms the agglomeration phenomenon, the electrochemical active area of the catalyst is reduced, and the performance and the service life of the battery are greatly reduced.
Therefore, the metal bipolar plate flow channel has better drainage and air conduction functions, is a performance index mainly considered in the flow channel design of the bipolar plate, and has excellent welding performance and low cost in the flow channel design of the metal bipolar plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flow channel structure of a bipolar plate of a hydrogen fuel cell, which has a metal bipolar plate structure with more excellent drainage and air conduction functions, simultaneously has the characteristics of weldability, low cost and the like, and is suitable for producing the bipolar plate of the fuel cell with high performance on a large scale at low cost. Meanwhile, the flow channel structure can also be used for graphite bipolar plates and composite material bipolar plates.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a bipolar plate flow channel structure of a hydrogen fuel cell comprises a bipolar plate main body, wherein the bipolar plate main body is composed of a cathode plate and an anode plate, a plurality of groups of D-shaped protrusions are arranged on the surface of the cathode plate, the D-shaped protrusions are similar to capital English letters D in outline when viewed from the top of the polar plate, one side of each D-shaped protrusion along the airflow direction is linear, the other side of each D-shaped protrusion is curved, the curve is an arc or a Bessel curve, the plurality of groups of D-shaped protrusions are arranged, straight-edge flow channels and curved-edge flow channels are arranged on the cathode plate, the straight-edge flow channels are formed by arranging two adjacent rows of the D-shaped protrusions from straight edges to straight edges, the curved-edge flow channels are formed by arranging two adjacent rows of the D-shaped protrusions from curved edges, the straight-edge flow channels and the curved-edge flow channels are respectively provided with a plurality of groups, the straight-edge flow channels and the curved-edge flow channels are arranged in a staggered manner, and the anode plate is provided with convex ridges, a first flow channel is arranged on one side of the raised ridge, and a cooling water flow channel is formed between the raised ridge and the cathode plate.
The raised ridges and the first flow channels are provided with a plurality of groups, and the raised ridges and the first flow channels are arranged in a staggered manner.
Preferably, the straight-edge flow channel is formed by arranging straight edges of two adjacent rows of the D-shaped protrusions in a straight edge-to-straight edge manner.
Preferably, the curved-edge flow channel is formed by arranging curved edges of two adjacent rows of the D-shaped bulges in a manner of being opposite to the curved edge.
Preferably, the first flow channel and the cooling water flow channel are both of a serpentine structure, the cathode plate and the anode plate are in full contact, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are welded through welding seams.
Preferably, both ends of the D-shaped protrusion are arranged by round corners with certain radius, so that the D-shaped protrusion can be prevented from being too sharp.
Preferably, the bipolar plate body includes, but is not limited to, a metal bipolar plate and a graphite bipolar plate, and the D-shaped protrusions on the graphite bipolar plate have the same structure as the D-shaped protrusions on the metal bipolar plate.
The invention provides a bipolar plate flow channel structure of a hydrogen fuel cell, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the D-shaped bulges are arranged on the cathode plate, so that when cathode airflow passes through a single D-shaped bulge, gas flow speed difference is generated on two sides of the D-shaped bulge, a certain pressure difference is generated, and gas diffusion from high pressure to low pressure area through the gas diffusion layer is promoted.
(2) According to the invention, both sides of the D-shaped bulge are designed to be streamline-shaped like the section of the wing, so that accumulated water on both sides of the bulge can be swept more conveniently; meanwhile, the bulge is long and thin, the tail part is thinned, the vortex generated by the wake flow of the general circular or square bulge can be effectively avoided, accumulated water is favorably swept, pressure difference is generated between each row of the D-shaped bulge in the longitudinal direction, gas in a high-pressure area is favorably diffused into the diffusion layer, and the accumulated water in the diffusion layer is favorably swept to a low-pressure area.
(3) When the invention is applied to the metal bipolar plate, the anode plate is designed into the traditional groove-shaped flow channel, the anode flow channel adopts the snake-shaped structure in order to facilitate the welding of the cathode plate and the anode plate, the groove part of the cathode plate and the anode plate can be fully contacted, the welding and the sealing of the cooling water flow channel are convenient, the structure has good welding performance, the structural strength is improved, and the electric conductivity of the metal bipolar plate is ensured.
(4) The contact area of the convex ridge part and the diffusion layer is smaller than that of the traditional groove flow channel ridge and the diffusion layer, so that the effective reaction area is larger, the water accumulation area is small, the exposed area of the cathode of the membrane electrode is increased, the contact area of gas and the membrane electrode is increased, the mass transfer speed is accelerated, the utilization rate of the membrane electrode is increased, and the water accumulation of the contact part is less.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial structural view of an anode plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first flow channel structure of an anode plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a single D-shaped protrusion structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a single D-shaped protrusion according to the present invention. In the figure: 1. a bipolar plate body; 2. a cathode plate; 3. an anode plate; 4. d-shaped bulges; 5. a raised ridge; 6. a first flow passage; 7. welding seams; 8. a straight-side runner; 9. a curved edge runner; 10. a cooling water flow passage; 11. a convex round angle; 12. a raised straight edge; 13. a convex curved edge; 14. a convex surface.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a bipolar plate flow channel structure of a hydrogen fuel cell comprises a bipolar plate main body 1, wherein the bipolar plate main body 1 is composed of a cathode plate 2 and an anode plate 3, a plurality of groups of D-shaped protrusions 4 are arranged on the surface of the cathode plate 2, the outlines of the D-shaped protrusions 4 are similar to capital English letters D when viewed from the top of the polar plate, one side of each D-shaped protrusion 4 is linear, the other side of each D-shaped protrusion 4 is curved, the curve is an arc or a Bessel curve, a plurality of groups of the D-shaped protrusions 4 are arranged in a row, a straight-edge flow channel 8 and a curved-edge flow channel 9 are arranged on the cathode plate 2, the straight-edge flow channel 8 is formed by arranging straight edges 12 to straight edges 12 of two adjacent rows of the D-shaped protrusions 4, the curved-edge flow channels 8 are formed by arranging curved edges 13 of two adjacent rows of the D-shaped protrusions 4, the straight edges 8 and the curved-edge flow channels 9 are arranged in a staggered arrangement, the anode plate 3 is provided with a convex ridge 5, one side of the convex ridge 5 is provided with a first flow channel 6, and a cooling water flow channel 10 is formed between the convex ridge 5 and the cathode plate 2.
The convex ridges 5 and the first flow channels 6 are provided with a plurality of groups, and the convex ridges 5 and the first flow channels 6 are arranged in a staggered way.
The straight-side flow channels 8 are formed by arranging straight sides 12 to straight sides 12 of two adjacent rows of the D-shaped protrusions 4, the D-shaped protrusions 4 are transversely arranged and formed by arranging straight sides 12 to straight sides 12 and curved sides 13 to curved sides 13, so that equal-diameter flow channels and variable-diameter flow channels are formed respectively, the air flow speeds in the two flow channels are inconsistent, and pressure difference is generated at the same time.
The curved edge flow channel 9 is formed by arranging curved edges 13 of two adjacent rows of D-shaped bulges 4 to curved edges 13, the D-shaped bulges 4 are transversely arranged into straight edges 12 to straight edges 12, and the curved edges 13 are arranged to curved edges 13, so that an equal-diameter flow channel and a variable-diameter flow channel are respectively formed, the air flow speeds in the two flow channels are different, and meanwhile, pressure difference is also generated.
First runner 6 and cooling water runner 10 all are snakelike structure, negative plate 2, the abundant contact of anode plate 3, and negative plate 2, anode plate 3 pass through welding seam 7 welding, design anode plate 3 for traditional ditch slot type runner, for the convenience of welding with negative plate 2, the anode plate runner has adopted snakelike structure, negative and positive plate groove part can abundant contact, be convenient for weld with cooling water runner 10 sealed, the structure has good weldability, structural strength has been improved, bipolar plate main part 1's whole electric conductive property has been ensured.
The two ends of the D-shaped bulge 4 are arranged by adopting round corners with certain radius, so that the D-shaped bulge 4 can be prevented from having an excessively sharp and acute angle, and the two sides of the D-shaped bulge 4 are designed to be streamline-shaped like the section of an airfoil, so that accumulated water on the two sides of the bulge can be swept more conveniently; meanwhile, the bulge is long and thin, the tail part is thinned, the vortex generated by the wake flow of the general circular or square bulge can be effectively avoided, accumulated water is favorably swept, pressure difference is generated between the vertical rows of the D-shaped bulge 4, gas in a high-pressure area is favorably diffused into the diffusion layer, and the accumulated water in the diffusion layer is favorably swept to a low-pressure area.
The bipolar plate body 1 includes but is not limited to a metal bipolar plate and a graphite bipolar plate, the D-shaped protrusions 4 on the graphite bipolar plate have the same structure as the D-shaped protrusions 4 on the metal bipolar plate, and the anode plate 3 of the graphite bipolar plate is provided with any one of the D-shaped protrusions 4 or the groove-shaped flow channels.
It should be noted that, in the flow channel structure of the hydrogen fuel cell bipolar plate, when working, the outline of the flow field protrusion of the cathode plate 2 is similar to the capital letter D when viewed from the top of the plate, the D-shaped protrusion 4 is linear along one side of the flow direction, the other side is curved, the curve is circular arc or bezier curve, the D-shaped protrusion 4 is horizontally arranged from straight side 12 to straight side 12, and curved side 13 to curved side 13, thereby forming the equal diameter flow channel and the variable diameter flow channel, respectively, causing the air velocity in the two flow channels to be different, simultaneously generating pressure difference, promoting the gas diffusion from high pressure to low pressure area through the gas diffusion layer, when the D-shaped protrusion 4 on the cathode plate 2 is longitudinally arranged, the two rows are staggered by a certain distance, making the air flow not easy to form laminar flow, and facilitating the oxygen to diffuse to the catalyst, as shown in fig. 5, the upper end of the D-shaped protrusion 4 is a protrusion surface 14, one side of the D-shaped bulge 4 is a bulge straight edge 12, the other side of the D-shaped bulge is a bulge curved edge 13, two ends of the D-shaped bulge 4 are provided with bulge rounded corners 11, and the two sides of the D-shaped bulge 4 are designed to be streamline-shaped like the cross section of the wing, so that accumulated water on the two sides of the bulge can be swept more conveniently; meanwhile, the bulge is long and thin, the tail part of the bulge is thin, eddy current generated by general round or square bulge wake flow can be effectively avoided, accumulated water is favorably swept, pressure difference is generated between each row of the D-shaped bulge 4 in the longitudinal direction, gas in a high-pressure area is favorably diffused into the diffusion layer, the accumulated water in the diffusion layer is favorably swept to a low-pressure area, the D-shaped bulge 4 is in a long and thin streamline shape, the air flow is favorably swept to sweep water on the surface of the D-shaped bulge, and water is not easy to store at the tail part of the bulge; the two ends of the D-shaped bulge 4 are designed into round corners with certain radius, so that the bulge is prevented from having too sharp and acute angles, and the processing is convenient; by designing the anode plate 3 into the traditional groove-shaped flow channel, the anode flow channel adopts a snake-shaped structure in order to facilitate welding of the cathode plate and the anode plate, the groove part of the cathode plate and the anode plate can be fully contacted, so that welding and sealing of the cooling water flow channel 10 are facilitated, the structure has good welding performance, the structural strength is improved, the overall conductivity of the bipolar plate is ensured, and meanwhile, the cooling water flow channel 10 has the advantages of good water flow uniformity, large flow and uniform flow field temperature; the contact area of the convex ridge 5 part and the diffusion layer is smaller than that of the traditional groove flow channel ridge and the diffusion layer, so that the effective reaction area is larger, the water accumulation area is small, the exposed area of the cathode of the membrane electrode is increased, the contact area of gas and the membrane electrode is increased, the mass transfer speed is accelerated, the utilization rate of the membrane electrode is increased, and the accumulated water of the contact part is less; the metal bipolar plate structure has good water drainage and gas guide functions, has the characteristics of weldability, low cost and the like, and is suitable for large-scale low-cost production of high-performance fuel cell bipolar plates.
When the flow field structure of the present invention is used for preparing a metal bipolar plate, the metal material includes but is not limited to stainless steel, titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, copper, nickel, etc.
The flow field structure of the present invention is not limited to a metal bipolar plate processed by press molding, but is also applicable to a graphite bipolar plate processed by milling or a graphite and resin composite bipolar plate processed by die pressing (hereinafter collectively referred to as "graphite bipolar plate"), i.e., the D-shaped protrusions 4 on the cathode surface of the graphite bipolar plate have the characteristics of the D-shaped protrusions 4 of the present invention;
meanwhile, the welding performance of the graphite bipolar plate does not need to be considered, and the anode surface of the graphite bipolar plate can be a D-shaped bulge and can also be a traditional groove-shaped flow channel.
The method for transversely arranging the D-shaped protrusions 4 on the cathode surface of the flow field structure of the invention includes (but is not limited to) arranging the straight sides 12 to the straight sides 12 and arranging the curved sides 13 to the curved sides 13 of the D-shaped protrusions 4 described in the invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. A bipolar plate flow channel structure of a hydrogen fuel cell is characterized by comprising a bipolar plate main body (1), wherein the bipolar plate main body (1) is composed of a cathode plate (2) and an anode plate (3), a plurality of groups of D-shaped protrusions (4) are arranged on the surface of the cathode plate (2), the D-shaped protrusions (4) are similar to capital English letters D when viewed from the overlooking direction of the plate, one side of each D-shaped protrusion (4) is linear, the other side of each D-shaped protrusion (4) is curved, the curve is an arc or a Bessel curve, the plurality of groups of D-shaped protrusions (4) are arranged, a straight-side flow channel (8) and a curved-side flow channel (9) are arranged on the cathode plate (2), the straight-side flow channels (8) are formed by arranging straight sides (12) to straight sides (12) of two adjacent rows of the D-shaped protrusions (4), and the curved-side flow channels (9) are formed by arranging curved sides (13) to curved sides (13) of two adjacent rows of the D-shaped protrusions (4), the anode plate is characterized in that the straight edge flow channel (8) and the curved edge flow channel (9) are all provided with multiple groups, the straight edge flow channel (8) and the curved edge flow channel (9) are arranged in a staggered mode, the anode plate (3) is provided with convex ridges (5), one side of each convex ridge (5) is provided with a first flow channel (6), and a cooling water flow channel (10) is formed between each convex ridge (5) and the cathode plate (2).
2. The flow channel structure of a bipolar plate of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the ridges (5) and the first flow channels (6) are provided in a plurality of sets, and the plurality of sets of ridges (5) and the first flow channels (6) are arranged in a staggered arrangement.
3. The flow channel structure of the bipolar plate of the hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first flow channel (6) and the cooling water flow channel (10) are both in a serpentine structure, the cathode plate (2) and the anode plate (3) are fully contacted, and the cathode plate (2) and the anode plate (3) are welded by a welding seam (7).
4. The flow channel structure of the bipolar plate of the hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two ends of the D-shaped protrusion (4) are rounded with a certain radius, so as to avoid an excessively sharp angle of the D-shaped protrusion (4).
5. The flow channel structure of the bipolar plate of the hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base material of the bipolar plate body (1) is any one of metal titanium, titanium alloy, stainless steel, metal aluminum, aluminum alloy, graphite, and graphite resin composite material.
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