CN111668413A - Battery module with thermally activatable protective device - Google Patents
Battery module with thermally activatable protective device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111668413A CN111668413A CN202010155988.4A CN202010155988A CN111668413A CN 111668413 A CN111668413 A CN 111668413A CN 202010155988 A CN202010155988 A CN 202010155988A CN 111668413 A CN111668413 A CN 111668413A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- battery module
- battery
- protective device
- thermally activatable
- activation element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a battery module (100) comprising: a plurality of battery cells (10) and at least one thermally activatable protective device (20), the protective device (20) being designed to thermally isolate and spatially separate at least one battery cell (10) from other battery cells (10) and/or the environment in the event of imminent thermal runaway of the at least one battery cell (10) within the battery module (100).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery module according to the device independent claim and a method for protecting a battery module against an imminent thermal runaway according to the method independent claim.
Background
In the event of a breakdown of the electric vehicle, for example an accident, the propagation of thermal runaway (thermischen Durchgehen) in the battery module from one battery cell to another represents a considerable risk to the environment and to personnel, for example vehicle occupants. Mechanical protection devices for battery modules are known, which can withstand sudden mechanical loads in some cases. Such mechanical protection devices, however, do not prevent heat propagation within the battery module.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved battery module. In particular, the object of the invention is to provide an improved battery module which is reliably and safely protected against imminent thermal runaway. In addition, the present invention is also directed to an improved method for protecting a battery module from an impending thermal runaway.
The object of the invention is achieved by an improved battery module according to the device independent claim and an improved method for protecting a battery module against an imminent thermal runaway according to the method independent claim. Preferred further developments of the invention are described in the dependent claims. The features disclosed in connection with the various aspects of the invention may be combined with each other in such a way that the disclosure of the inventive aspects of the invention is always mutually referred to.
According to one aspect for solving the technical problem, the present invention provides a battery module, for example, a module of a traction battery which is modularly constructed as an electric vehicle, the battery module (or referred to as a battery module) including: a plurality of battery cells (or battery cells) and at least one thermally activatable protective device, which is designed to thermally isolate and spatially separate at least one battery cell from other battery cells and/or the environment in the event of imminent thermal runaway of the at least one battery cell in the battery module.
Thermal insulation in the sense of the present invention means that heat transfer is prevented or at least hindered. Spatially separated in the sense of the present invention means that the distance between the elements is increased. According to the invention, thermally activatable means in the sense of the present invention that it can be activated by the action of a defined temperature, usually after heating to this defined temperature. Here, the battery cell may be a prismatic battery cell or a circular battery cell.
The present invention is based on the idea of providing a thermally activatable protective device which, in the event of thermal runaway in at least one battery cell in a battery module, preferably also before a critical temperature, the so-called propagation temperature, is reached, enables the at least one battery cell to be thermally and spatially reliably separated from the rest of the battery and/or from the environment. For this purpose, a thermally activatable protective device, for example in the form of a sandwich structure, can be inserted between individual battery cells or between sections comprising a plurality of battery cells. These thermally activatable protective devices may each have two positioning elements or limiting plates between which a thermally activatable activation element, for example in the form of a metal powder compact, is present. The activation element, in particular the metal powder itself, can have various different metal elements such as copper, tin, titanium and metal hydrides such as titanium hydride. The metal hydride may be selected such that thermal activation occurs at a temperature below the propagation temperature. Upon thermal activation, the metal powder melts, whereby the hydrogen of the metal hydride is released and the metal foams. The resulting metal foam brings at least three advantages: 1) the accompanying volume expansion separates the damaged (i.e., damaged) cells from the undamaged cells, which makes propagation of thermal runaway difficult. 2) The metal foam has very good thermal insulation properties (i.e., thermal insulation properties) which make it difficult to transfer energy to another battery cell. 3) The porous volume of the metal foam may deform and thus absorb mechanical energy that may be generated in some cases due to sudden gas expansion in a damaged cell. By means of the invention, it is thus possible to provide a significantly improved battery module which is reliably and safely protected against an imminent thermal runaway.
In addition, the invention can provide in the battery module that the at least one thermally activatable protective device has an activation element which, under the action of the activation temperature, causes enlargement of the activation element, in particular foaming of the material of the activation element. It is possible to increase the distance between the damaged battery cell and the undamaged battery cell. As the distance increases, heat transfer to the undamaged battery cell becomes difficult. The foaming of the material of the activation element additionally makes the heat transfer to the intact battery cell difficult. Furthermore, the foam material of the activation element provides a buffer for absorbing mechanical effects. Advantageously, the activation temperature may be selected to be equal to or lower than a critical temperature of the battery cell at the time of thermal runaway. In this way, timely isolation of the damaged battery cell is possible.
The invention can also provide in the battery module that the material of the activation element has a composition of at least one metal or a plurality of different metals, for example copper, tin and/or titanium, and at least one metal hydride, for example titanium hydride. In this way, a thermally activatable activation element can be provided which is inexpensive and has good mechanical and thermal properties.
In addition, the invention can be provided in a battery module in which the activation element is designed in the form of a metal powder compact or a metal chip compact. In this way, a thermally activatable activation element can be provided which can be produced simply and inexpensively and can be installed simply in and/or on a battery module.
It is also conceivable that the activation element can be designed in the form of a plate and/or a layer. It is thus possible to provide an easily operable activation element which can be installed simply and with little effort between the battery modules in the modularly constructed battery and/or between the battery cells or between the sections comprising a plurality of battery cells in the modularly constructed battery module.
In addition, the invention can provide in the battery module that the thermally activatable protective device has a positioning element which at least partially surrounds the activation element. It is conceivable here for the positioning element to be designed in the form of a housing with a predetermined breaking point or in the form of a frame element or in the form of a plate element, in order to at least partially enclose the activation element on the one hand and to enable enlargement of the activation element on the other hand, in particular foaming of the material of the activation element.
Advantageously, it is conceivable within the scope of the invention for the positioning element to have two plates which can enclose the activation element on both sides. It is thus possible to provide a protective device in the form of a sandwich construction, which is particularly simple to produce.
In addition, the invention can provide in the battery module that a thermally activatable protective device is arranged between two adjacent battery cells. In this way, each cell can be thermally isolated and spatially separated from the other cells and/or the environment in the event of an imminent thermal runaway.
Furthermore, it is conceivable within the scope of the invention for the at least one thermally activatable protective device to surround each battery cell individually and completely. In this way, heat propagation from one battery cell in all directions can be reliably prevented.
In addition, it is conceivable within the scope of the invention for a thermally activatable protective device to be arranged in each case between two adjacent sections comprising a plurality of battery cells. In this way, the weight of the finished battery module can be reduced. At the same time, the protection of the segments makes it possible to thermally and spatially safely isolate the relevant region close to the damaged cell from the remaining cells and/or from the environment.
Furthermore, it is conceivable within the scope of the invention for the at least one thermally activatable protective device to individually and completely enclose a section comprising a plurality of battery cells. It is therefore possible to reliably prevent heat propagation in all directions from one sector.
In addition, the invention can provide that the at least one thermally activatable protective device completely surrounds the battery module. In this way, the battery module as a whole can be thermally insulated and spatially separated from the environment.
According to one aspect for solving the technical problem, the invention also provides a method for protecting a battery module, which comprises a plurality of battery cells, against an imminent thermal runaway, wherein, in particular, the battery module can be designed as described above. According to the method according to the invention, at least one thermally activatable protective device is arranged in and/or on the battery module in order to thermally isolate and spatially separate at least one battery cell from other battery cells and/or the environment in the event of imminent thermal runaway of the at least one battery cell within the battery module. The same advantages as described above with respect to the battery module according to the invention are achieved by means of the method according to the invention. These advantages are incorporated herein in their entirety.
The method can advantageously be implemented by means of a battery module which can be implemented as described above.
Drawings
The measures improving the invention are shown in detail below by a description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the description may each be of importance for the invention individually or in any combination. It is noted herein that the drawings are merely illustrative and are not to be considered as limiting the invention in any way. In the drawings:
figure 1 shows a possible structure of a battery module according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 shows another possible structure of a battery module according to the present invention, and
fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a protective device according to the invention when the protective device is activated.
In the different figures, identical features of the invention are always provided with the same reference numerals, and therefore these features are usually described only once.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 and 2 schematically illustrate a battery module 100 according to the present invention. The battery module 100 can be used, for example, as a module for a modularly constructed traction battery of an electric vehicle. The battery module 100 has a plurality of battery cells 10 and at least one thermally activatable protective device 20, which protective device 20 is designed to thermally isolate and spatially separate at least one battery cell 10 from other battery cells 10 and/or the environment in the event of imminent thermal runaway of the at least one battery cell 10 in the battery module 100.
According to fig. 1, the battery cell 10 can be designed in the form of a prismatic battery cell. According to fig. 2, the battery cell 10 can be designed in the form of a round battery cell.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the at least one thermally activatable protective device 20 has a thermally activatable activation element 21 in the sense of the present invention, the activation element 21 causing an enlargement of the activation element 21, in particular a foaming of the material of the activation element 21, under the influence of an activation temperature Ta (see fig. 3).
Fig. 3 shows that upon thermal activation of the activation element 21, the distance a existing between the damaged cell 10 and the undamaged cell 10 increases. As the distance a increases, heat transfer from the damaged cell 10 to the undamaged cell 10 becomes difficult. The foaming of the material of the activation element 21 additionally prevents heat transfer to the intact battery cell 10, since heat is trapped in the foam material of the activation element 21. In addition, the foam material of the activation element 21 provides a buffer for absorbing mechanical effects of the damaged cell 10 on the undamaged cell 10 when, for example, a sudden gas expansion occurs in the damaged cell 10.
According to an advantage of the invention, the activation temperature Ta can be selected to be less than or equal to a critical temperature T of the battery cell 10 in the event of thermal runaway, the so-called propagation temperature, in order to be able to thermally isolate and spatially separate damaged battery cells 10 in time.
The material of the activation element 21 can have a composition of different metals, for example copper, tin and/or titanium, and at least one metal hydride, for example titanium hydride. Upon thermal activation, the material of the activation element 21 melts, whereby the hydrogen of the metal hydride is released and the remaining metal is foamed. This increases the distance a between the damaged cell 10 and the undamaged cell 10.
The activation element 21 can be designed here in the form of a metal powder compact or a metal dust compact.
The activation element 21 can also be designed in the form of a plate and/or a layer, as is schematically illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.
Furthermore, the thermally activatable protective device 20 has a positioning element 22, the positioning element 22 at least partially surrounding the activation element 21.
In fig. 1 and 2, a positioning element 22 is shown, which positioning element 22 may have two plate elements in order to enclose the activation element 21 on both sides and to provide the protection means 20 in the form of a sandwich structure.
In principle, however, it is also conceivable for the positioning element 22 to be designed in the form of a housing with a predetermined breaking point or in the form of a frame element.
Fig. 1 and 2 show that in each case one thermally activatable protective device 20 can be arranged between two adjacent segments 11 comprising a plurality of battery cells 10 and/or can completely surround each segment 11. In this way, the weight of the finished battery module 100 can be kept low. At the same time, the protection of the segments 11 makes it possible to thermally and spatially safely isolate the relevant region close to the damaged cell 10 from the remaining cells 10 and/or from the environment, as shown in fig. 3.
In principle, however, it is also conceivable that at least one thermally activatable protective device 20 can be arranged between two adjacent battery cells 10 and/or can completely surround the battery cells 10 in order to protect each battery cell 10 individually.
It is also contemplated that the at least one thermally activatable protective device 20 may completely surround the battery module 100 so as to isolate the module from the rest of the vehicle.
The above description of the figures describes the invention only within the framework of examples. Of course, the individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with one another as far as technically expedient without departing from the scope of the invention.
List of reference numerals
100 cell module
10 Battery monomer
10 damaged cell
11 section(s)
20 protective device
21 activating element
22 positioning element
30 cooling device
Distance A
Ta activation temperature
T critical temperature
Claims (10)
1. A battery module (100) comprising:
multiple battery monomer (10)
And at least one thermally activatable protective device (20), the protective device (20) being designed to thermally isolate and spatially separate at least one battery cell (10) from other battery cells (10) and/or the environment in the event of imminent thermal runaway of the at least one battery cell (10) within the battery module (100).
2. The battery module (100) of claim 1,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the at least one thermally activatable protective device (20) has an activation element (21), the activation element (21) causing an increase of the activation element (21) at an activation temperature (Ta).
3. The battery module (100) of claim 2,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the material of the activation element (21) has a composition of at least one metal or a plurality of different metals and at least one metal hydride.
4. The battery module (100) of claim 2 or 3,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the activation element (21) is designed in the form of a metal powder compact or a metal dust compact, and/or the activation element (21) is designed in the form of a plate and/or a layer.
5. The battery module (100) of any of claims 2 to 4,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the thermally activatable protective device (20) has a positioning element (22), the positioning element (22) at least partially surrounding the activation element (21).
6. The battery module (100) of claim 5,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the positioning element (22) has two plates which surround the activation element (21) on both sides.
7. The battery module (100) of any of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
a thermally activatable protective device (20) is arranged between two adjacent battery cells (10) in each case, or the at least one thermally activatable protective device (20) surrounds each battery cell (10) individually and completely.
8. The battery module (100) of any of claims 1 to 6,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
between two adjacent segments (11) of a plurality of battery cells (10), a thermally activatable protective device (20) is arranged in each case, said segments (11),
or the at least one thermally activatable protective device (20) individually and completely surrounds a section (11) comprising a plurality of battery cells (10).
9. The battery module (100) of any of claims 1 to 6,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the at least one thermally activatable protective device (20) completely surrounds the battery module (100).
10. A method of protecting a battery module (100) from an impending thermal runaway, the battery module (100) comprising a plurality of battery cells (10),
wherein at least one thermally activatable protective device (20) is arranged in the battery module (100) and/or on the battery module (100) in order to thermally isolate and spatially separate at least one battery cell (10) from other battery cells (10) and/or the environment in the event of imminent thermal runaway of the at least one battery cell (10) within the battery module (100).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019105810.4 | 2019-03-07 | ||
| DE102019105810.4A DE102019105810A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2019-03-07 | Battery module with a thermally activated protective device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111668413A true CN111668413A (en) | 2020-09-15 |
| CN111668413B CN111668413B (en) | 2023-09-05 |
Family
ID=72146414
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010155988.4A Active CN111668413B (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2020-03-09 | Battery module with thermally activatable protection device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111668413B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102019105810A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20220141486A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-10-20 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Battery pack |
| DE102021121397A1 (en) | 2021-08-18 | 2023-02-23 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | battery arrangement |
| DE102022201743A1 (en) | 2022-02-21 | 2023-08-24 | Mahle International Gmbh | energy storage arrangement |
| FR3136116A1 (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-12-01 | Psa Automobiles Sa | BATTERY PACK WITH FIRE SPREAD DELAY DEVICE |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111668413B (en) | 2023-09-05 |
| DE102019105810A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
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