CN111665077A - Kidney cancer full-layer pathological section material taking method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for taking a kidney cancer full-thickness pathological section, belonging to the field of biology and medical experiments. A kidney cancer full-thickness pathological section material taking method comprises the following steps: (1) copying the CT imaging data of the kidney cancer; (2) using the Mimics software to draw a kidney 3D model; (3) selecting and marking a pathological layer; (4)3D printing; (5) the kidney full-thickness pathological section is obtained. The method overcomes the defects that the traditional manual material taking method is inaccurate in material taking and cannot completely correspond kidney cancer pathology and imaging science according to feeling and experience, can more accurately position the corresponding layer of kidney cancer pathology and imaging science, and can lay the research on the subsequent kidney cancer image omics, pathological omics and molecular omics, thereby providing a thought for the research on the kidney cancer immunotherapy target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for taking a kidney cancer full-thickness pathological section, belonging to the field of biology and medical experiments.
Background
The kidney cancer (RCC) is a malignant tumor originated from the epithelium of the urinary tubule of the parenchyma of the kidney, including various renal cell carcinoma subtypes originated from different parts of the urinary tubule, the immunotherapy of the kidney cancer also becomes a research hotspot at present, and how to realize the individualized and precise treatment of the immunotherapy of the kidney cancer becomes a difficult point of the research at present. The basis of the immunotherapy of the kidney cancer lies in finding a molecular target point for the therapy, and the research on the pathology of the kidney cancer can interpret a plurality of histopathology information of the kidney cancer, such as the pathological stage, the immune infiltration mode and the like, so as to obtain the molecular biological information of the kidney cancer, thereby finding the target point for the immunotherapy.
Renal cancer is rich in pathological information in imaging, and important information such as stage grading, hemorrhagic necrosis and the like of renal cancer has good correspondence. If realize the imaging aspect and the correspondence of kidney cancer pathology aspect alright the at utmost remain precious kidney cancer pathology information, avoided the bias of drawing materials of traditional pathology material selection, wasted a large amount of kidney cancer pathology information. Meanwhile, the full-layer pathological material of the kidney cancer can be obtained, so that the abundant immunological information of the kidney cancer can be retained to the greatest extent, and a new thought is opened for the immunological research and treatment of the kidney cancer.
The kidney cancer specimens are rich in immune information at all levels, and can provide evidence for selection of subsequent immunotherapy targets, but the current pathological method for acquiring the full-layer profile of the kidney cancer is not complete, and the pathological level of the kidney cancer completely corresponding to the imaging level is difficult to obtain only by judgment of human eyes, so that the immune information contained in the kidney cancer level cannot be accurately evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of bias of material taking of traditional pathological material taking and inevitable errors caused by human experience material taking, the invention combines the 3D printing technology for material taking and aims at realizing the perfect corresponding relation between kidney cancer images and pathology.
The invention aims to solve the problem of high coincidence between a kidney cancer CT image and a kidney cancer histopathology full-layer slice layer, and realize the precision and the modeling of the kidney cancer full-layer pathology material taking, thereby laying a foundation for the follow-up research of kidney cancer molecular immunology through the characteristics of the imaging, and obtaining a large amount of immunology information through the imaging.
In order to enable the CT scanning plane to be highly matched with the pathological section of the kidney cancer, a Mimics software is used for constructing a three-dimensional anatomical model of a CT image with the thickness of 5mm, the constructed three-dimensional model of the kidney cancer is printed into a mold by using a 3D printing technology, and the pathological full-layer section of the kidney cancer is obtained in vitro in an auxiliary mode according to the direction of a model scale. The 3D structure of the kidney cancer established by the 3D printing model simulates the complete structure and position of the kidney in vivo to the maximum extent, and can realize the maximum correspondence between the full-thickness pathology of the kidney cancer and the imaging level; the kidney 3D printing model is used for selecting a pathological layer which is rich in characteristics and corresponds to kidney cancer imaging more accurately, the method can be used for acquiring the whole-layer pathology of the kidney cancer, the heterogeneity of the kidney cancer pathology is fully revealed, the pathological information contained in the kidney cancer specimen is retained to the maximum extent, and the method lays a foundation for the subsequent fusion research and analysis of kidney cancer pathology, imaging omics and even genomics.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a kidney cancer full-thickness pathological section material taking method comprises the following steps:
(1) copying kidney cancer CT imaging data: selecting an enhanced CT image of the kidney cancer CT imaging data;
(2) kidney 3D model was drawn using Mimics software: importing the renal cancer CT imaging data obtained in the step (1) into Mimics software, establishing a renal cancer 3D model in a renal contour drawing mode, selecting any plane on the renal cancer 3D model for marking, and setting the plane as a model demarcation point;
(3) selecting and marking pathological layers: selecting a material plane on the CT imaging data of the kidney cancer, and marking in the Mimics software;
(4)3D printing: printing a kidney 3D model drawn by Mimics software by using a 3D printing machine;
(5) taking a kidney full-layer pathological section: dividing the kidney 3D model into two parts according to the model dividing point in the step (2), putting the kidney specimen into the kidney 3D model, enabling the kidney specimen to be completely and tightly attached to the kidney 3D model, and tightly attaching the marking plane to take materials of a kidney full-layer pathological section according to the pathological layer marked in the step (3).
Further, in the above technical solution, the renal cancer CT imaging data in step (1) is a suspected renal cancer in imaging, and renal cancer CT imaging data of a case of a surgical radical renal cancer resection is determined; the format of the kidney cancer CT imaging data is DICOM.
Further, in the above technical solution, the layer thickness of the enhanced CT image in the step (1) is 5 mm.
Further, in the above technical solution, any one of the planes in the step (2) includes a plane in which a longitudinal axis centerline is located.
Further, in the above technical solution, the method for selecting a material taking plane in the step (3) includes: the method selects the level with rich and vivid pathological features in the CT imaging data of the kidney cancer or selects according to the research requirements.
Further, in the above technical solution, the method for marking in the mics software in the step (3) includes: and marking by adopting a method of erasing one side of the material taking plane.
Further, in the above technical solution, the number of the selected and labeled pathological layers in the step (3) is at least one.
Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the kidney specimen in the step (5) is a fresh kidney specimen, and it is necessary to prevent the kidney from being dehydrated or atrophied due to leaving the blood supply.
Advantageous effects of the invention
The invention discloses a kidney cancer full-layer pathological section material taking method, which comprises the steps of using a Mimics software (material's interactive medical image control system) to manufacture a kidney 3D model, using a 3D printing technology and taking pathological materials, and obtaining a pathological layer corresponding to each layer image of the kidney cancer in the imaging by fusing the methods, so that the method is very accurate and efficient, and the method can realize the high coincidence of a CT scanning plane and a renal cancer pathological section. The material taking method overcomes the defects that the traditional manual material taking method is inaccurate in material taking and cannot completely correspond kidney cancer pathology and imaging science according to feeling and experience, and the embodiment also shows that the method can really realize the progress, the corresponding layer of kidney cancer pathology and imaging science is more accurately positioned, the whole-layer pathological layer of the kidney cancer obtained by the method can be used for laying a cushion for the research of the follow-up kidney cancer image omics, pathological omics and molecular omics, and a thought is provided for the research of the kidney cancer immunotherapy target.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a drawing of a kidney 3D model using the Mimics software, where a is a horizontal plane drawing, B is a coronal plane drawing, C is a sagittal plane drawing, and D is a drawn kidney 3D model drawing.
Fig. 2 is a 3D model of a kidney printed by a 3D printing machine.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a kidney specimen placed in a 3D model of a kidney.
Fig. 4 shows two pathological sections of kidney cancer obtained according to the method of example 1, wherein A and C are pathological sections of kidney cancer obtained at 2 different levels, B is the CT level corresponding to the A, and D is the CT level corresponding to the C.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples will allow one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
The experimental methods described below are for facilitating the skilled person to better understand the material drawing method and apply to clinical research, and have universality on general renal cancer specimens; the Mimics software can be downloaded from the internet or obtained through other ways; the 3D mould is manufactured by using a 3D printing machine; the blade for taking materials can be a common pathological material taking blade.
A kidney cancer full-thickness pathological section material taking method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: copying kidney cancer CT imaging data: acquiring the CT (computed tomography) imaging data of the kidney cancer, selecting a suspected renal cancer in the imaging for convenient research, determining a case of operative radical renal cancer resection, copying the imaging data in a DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) format, selecting a copied enhanced CT image with the thickness of 5mm, and more conveniently constructing and modeling due to the visible uneven reinforcement of a CT cortical stage;
step two: kidney 3D model was drawn using Mimics software: the method can obtain the Mimics software from the internet, the Mimics research 21Beta version is used in the embodiment, the copied enhanced CT image is imported to establish the kidney cancer 3D model after downloading and installation are completed, the specific software using method can refer to relevant courses, attention is paid to accurately judging the kidney contour, attention is paid to distinguishing the boundary between the kidney and surrounding tissues, the kidney contour is drawn by being tightly attached to the kidney edge, the contour edge is slightly thickened when the kidney contour is drawn, and the condition that the printed 3D mold edge is too thin to influence material taking is avoided. In this embodiment, a kidney contour is drawn by a conventional method (according to the teaching of the mics research 21Beta software), and finally, a kidney 3D model shown in fig. 1 is obtained, and the obtained 3D model perfectly simulates the position and shape of the kidney on CT imaging; after the 3D modeling is obtained, in order to facilitate the placement of the subsequently obtained kidneys into a 3D mold, a plane may be selected on the 3D model according to the specific situation, and a part of the model is divided into two, in which case the centerline of the longitudinal axis is selected and marked.
Step three: selecting a pathological layer: selecting a layer with richer and more distinct pathological features in renal cancer imaging or selecting a specific imaging layer according to research needs, finding the layer on CT, and marking on related layers in Mimics software, wherein the marked layers are the planes for material taking. When the marks are drawn, a method of erasing one side of the corresponding plane can be adopted, partial defects of the corresponding layer are shown on the 3D model, and the plane is accurately positioned when materials are taken conveniently. In the embodiment, 3-4 layers with rich pathological features are selected for standby.
Step four: 3D printing: this process may take a long time to print out a rendered 3D model of the kidney (as shown in fig. 2) using a 3D printing machine.
Step five: material taking: obtaining a kidney mould through 3D printing, removing an outer support structure of the mould, finding a marked mould dividing point, and opening the mould from the marked mould dividing point to obtain two parts. As shown in fig. 3, the obtained kidney specimen is placed in a mold, the kidney specimen is noticed to be as fresh as possible, the kidney is prevented from being withered due to dehydration or leaving blood supply, the kidney is attached to the corresponding position of the mold, the kidney is tightly attached to the mold, the corresponding marked layer is found, and a pathological sampling blade is used for obtaining the required layer along the marking plane, wherein the layer thickness is 5mm of the CT layer thickness.
Note that the selection of the material should be done in a stable way, and the material should be taken in parallel close to the marked plane. In this embodiment, 2 material-drawing planes are finally selected, and two kidney pathological sections are obtained as shown in fig. 4.
Step six: and (4) placing each taken plane into formalin for fixation, and keeping the plane flat and free of folding and curling for subsequent scientific research.
The foregoing examples are provided for illustration and description of the invention only and are not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described examples. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that many variations and modifications may be made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, which variations and modifications are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A kidney cancer full-thickness pathological section material taking method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) copying kidney cancer CT imaging data: selecting an enhanced CT image of the kidney cancer CT imaging data;
(2) kidney 3D model was drawn using Mimics software: importing the renal cancer CT imaging data obtained in the step (1) into Mimics software, establishing a renal cancer 3D model in a renal contour drawing mode, selecting any plane on the renal cancer 3D model for marking, and setting the plane as a model demarcation point;
(3) selecting and marking pathological layers: selecting a material plane on the CT imaging data of the kidney cancer, and marking in the Mimics software;
(4)3D printing: printing a kidney 3D model drawn by Mimics software by using a 3D printing machine;
(5) taking a kidney full-layer pathological section: dividing the kidney 3D model into two parts according to the model dividing point in the step (2), putting the kidney specimen into the kidney 3D model, enabling the kidney specimen to be completely and tightly attached to the kidney 3D model, and tightly attaching the marking plane to take materials of a kidney full-layer pathological section according to the pathological layer marked in the step (3).
2. The method for whole-layer pathological section sampling of kidney cancer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the CT imaging data of kidney cancer in step (1) is the CT imaging data of kidney cancer suspected to be imaged and used for determining the case of operative radical nephrectomy; the format of the kidney cancer CT imaging data is DICOM.
3. The method for whole pathological section of kidney cancer as defined in claim 1, wherein the enhanced CT image in step (1) has a layer thickness of 5 mm.
4. The method for whole pathological section of kidney cancer as claimed in claim 1, wherein any one of the planes in step (2) includes the plane of longitudinal axis midline.
5. The method for whole pathological section of kidney cancer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for selecting the section plane in step (3) is: the method selects the level with rich and vivid pathological features in the CT imaging data of the kidney cancer or selects according to the research requirements.
6. The method for whole pathological section of kidney cancer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the labeling in the Mimics software in step (3) is performed by: and marking by adopting a method of erasing one side of the material taking plane.
7. The method for whole-layer pathological section sampling of kidney cancer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of pathological layers selected and labeled in step (3) is at least one.
8. The method for whole pathological section of kidney cancer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kidney specimen in step (5) is a fresh kidney specimen, and it is necessary to prevent the kidney from being dehydrated or from being atrophied due to leaving the blood supply.
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