CN111664346A - Super-smooth structure suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free condition - Google Patents
Super-smooth structure suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN111664346A CN111664346A CN202010541445.6A CN202010541445A CN111664346A CN 111664346 A CN111664346 A CN 111664346A CN 202010541445 A CN202010541445 A CN 202010541445A CN 111664346 A CN111664346 A CN 111664346A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N15/00—Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N17/00—Lubrication of machines or apparatus working under extreme conditions
Abstract
The invention provides a super-slip structure suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free conditions, which comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are made of resin-based materials, wherein a plurality of strip-shaped channels or special-shaped grooves are arranged on friction surfaces of the upper substrate and the lower substrate which are in contact with each other; the elastic modulus of the friction surface is 1.0-10GPa, the bulk modulus is 1.0-10GPa, the shear modulus is 0.3-2.0GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.2-0.7. The invention realizes the ultra-slip performance by utilizing the intrinsic characteristics of the structure and the material, and breaks through the limitation of the ultra-slip state on the requirement of the specific crystalline state of the crystal. Its friction coefficient can be as low as 10‑3The magnitude order is suitable for mechanical reciprocating motion, cyclic periodic motion, micro motion, impact motion and the like under the conditions of large scale, long period, high load and no oil, can be applied to the fields of machinery, electronics, molds, aerospace and the like, and reduces energy consumption and mechanical faults caused by friction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machine manufacturing, and particularly relates to an ultra-smooth structure suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free conditions.
Background
Friction is a force that resists relative motion between objects and affects the life of mechanical parts to varying degrees from the nanometer scale to the macroscopic scale. Statistically, up to 25% of the world's energy consumption and 75% of mechanical failures are due to friction (see Martin, j.m. erdemir, a.phys. today 71,4,40 (2018)). Therefore, researchers in various countries have been reducing unnecessary friction by various methods. For example, friction accounts for 17% of the energy consumption of an internal combustion engine of a passenger vehicle (excluding energy consumption of fracture and tire rolling), while generally, the energy consumption of the internal combustion engine is reduced by fluid lubrication, and reliable fluid lubrication needs to meet certain objective conditions including temperature, viscosity, movement speed and the like, for example, the condition that hydrodynamic lubrication formed during the operation of a bearing needs to meet a larger sliding speed, and meanwhile, lubricating oil is continuously supplied to the bearing. These conditions are not met in many cases, such as low speed operation; the reciprocating motion is involved in the working process of the piston, the friction coefficient of a friction surface is generally reduced by adding a proper amount of lubricant, and the phenomenon that abrasive particles pollute the lubricant frequently occurs in the actual process, so that the contact of the lubrication surface is uneven, and the state of boundary lubrication is caused, particularly high friction and abrasion. Meanwhile, in micro/nano electromechanical systems, due to the influence of surface tension, the conventional method of adding viscous lubricant generally cannot achieve ideal lubrication, mainly because a high surface-to-volume ratio causes a serious sticking problem, thereby limiting the normal operation of the micro/nano electromechanical system.
An ultra-slippery state with a coefficient of friction of less than 0.01 is a recent technique that is effective in eliminating the negative effects of friction (refer to m.hirano, k.shinjo, phys.rev.b 41,11837 (1990)). Since 2012, researchers have confirmed the feasibility of the ultra-slip technology in air and vacuum environments (refer to Hod, o., et al. nature 563,485, (2018)), and due to the requirements of the actual ultra-slip state on large-size defect-free single crystal materials and the like, the ultra-slip state is currently suitable for micro/nano scale, and is not stably realized on macro scale. It is noted that recent studies have shown that the super-slip phenomenon can be achieved under high-load sliding conditions (refer to Berman, D.et al. science 348, 1118-. While experimental demonstrations were only a few minutes, in these works researchers have attempted to extend the ultra-slip on the micro-nano scale into the macro-scale. At present, an ultra-smooth structure which can realize large scale, long period, high load and oil-free condition in the macroscopic field is still lacked, and the problem of friction loss can be reduced from the application level.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that an ultra-smooth structure capable of realizing large scale, long period, high load and oil-free condition in the macroscopic field is lacked at present, the invention provides a super-smooth structure with a friction coefficient as low as 10-3The order of magnitude is suitable for the ultra-smooth structure under the conditions of large scale, long period and no oil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a super-smooth structure suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free conditions comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate which are made of resin base materials, wherein a plurality of strip-shaped channels or special-shaped grooves are arranged on friction surfaces of the upper substrate and the lower substrate which are in contact with each other; the elastic modulus of the friction surface is 1.0-10GPa, the bulk modulus is 1.0-10GPa, the shear modulus is 0.3-2.0GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.2-0.7;
when the friction surface is provided with strip-shaped channels, the distance between the strip-shaped channels is 10-300 mu m, the width of the channel is 20-300 mu m, and the depth is 50nm-50 mu m;
when the friction surface is provided with the special-shaped grooves, the diameter of the grooves is 1.0-150 mu m, and the depth of the grooves is 50nm-50 mu m.
Preferably, the upper and lower substrates may be flat, curved or flexibly deformable resin-based materials.
Preferably, the friction surfaces of the upper and lower substrates contacting each other are waved.
Preferably, the friction surfaces of the upper and lower substrates contacting each other are provided with grooves arranged in a honeycomb shape.
Preferably, the diameter of the honeycomb-shaped groove is 30um-50um, and the depth is 5um-25 um.
Preferably, the ultra-smooth structure has a friction coefficient of 0.004 to 0.009 under oil-free conditions.
The ultra-smooth structure is applied to motion friction in the industries of machinery, electronics, molds, aerospace and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the ultra-smooth structure realizes the ultra-smooth performance by utilizing the intrinsic characteristics of the structure and the material, and breaks through the limitation of the ultra-smooth state on the requirement of the specific crystalline state of the crystal. Its friction coefficient can be as low as 10-3The magnitude order is suitable for mechanical reciprocating motion, cyclic periodic motion, micro motion, impact motion and the like under the conditions of large scale, long period, high load and no oil, can be applied to the fields of machinery, electronics, molds, aerospace and the like, and reduces energy consumption and mechanical faults caused by friction.
2. The ultra-smooth structure substrate is made of resin, has wide sources and lower cost, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of an ultra-smooth structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a first ultra-smooth structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the ultra-smooth structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of a second ultra-smooth structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in coefficient of friction of a third embodiment of the super-slip structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in the coefficient of friction of a fourth embodiment of the ultra-smooth structure of the present invention;
in the above figures: 1. an upper substrate; 11. a groove; 2. a lower substrate; 21. a channel.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the ultra-smooth structure is suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free conditions, and can be used for contact interface friction in the industries of machinery, electronics, molds, aerospace equipment and the like. The structure of the friction surface comprises an upper base 1 and a lower base 2 which are made of resin base materials, wherein a plurality of strip-shaped channels 21 are arranged on the friction surfaces of the upper base and the lower base which are contacted with each other, and the whole friction surface is wavy. The elastic modulus of the friction surface is 2.4GPa, the bulk modulus is 2.4GPa, the shear modulus is 1.35GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.45. The stripe-shaped channel pitch was 40 μm, the channel width was 40 μm, and the depth was 10 μm, as shown in FIG. 2, which is an SEM image of the sample. The friction coefficient of the sample is detected under the oil-free condition, the friction coefficient is only 0.005 after the sample is circulated for 300s under the conditions of surface-surface contact and 5N load, and the stable super-smooth state is maintained.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 3, the ultra-smooth structure is suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free conditions, and can be used for contact interface friction in the industries of machinery, electronics, molds, aerospace equipment and the like. The structure of the friction surface comprises an upper base 1 and a lower base 2 made of resin base materials, wherein a plurality of special-shaped grooves 11 which are sequentially distributed are arranged on the friction surface where the upper base and the lower base are contacted, and the whole friction surface is in a honeycomb shape. The elastic modulus of the friction surface is 1.8GPa, the bulk modulus is 2.1GPa, the shear modulus is 1GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.49. As shown in FIG. 4, which is an SEM image of the sample, the cells 11 arranged in a honeycomb shape are clearly seen, and the cells 11 have a diameter of about 30 to 60 μm and a depth of 10 μm. The friction coefficient of the sample is detected under the oil-free condition, the friction coefficient is only 0.004 after the sample is circulated for 300s under the conditions of surface-surface contact and 5N load, and a stable super-smooth state is maintained.
Example 3:
an ultra-smooth structure suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free conditions can be used for contact interface friction in the industries of machinery, electronics, molds, aerospace equipment and the like. The structure of the friction surface comprises an upper base 1 and a lower base 2 made of resin base materials, wherein a plurality of special-shaped grooves 11 which are sequentially distributed are arranged on the friction surface where the upper base and the lower base are contacted, and the whole friction surface is in a honeycomb shape. The elastic modulus of the friction surface is 1.5GPa, the bulk modulus is 1.7GPa, the shear modulus is 0.85GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.5. The friction surface is provided with grooves 11 which are arranged in a honeycomb shape, the diameter of each groove 11 is 70 mu m, and the depth of each groove 11 is 20 mu m. The friction coefficient of this sample was measured under oil-free conditions, and as shown in fig. 5, the friction coefficient after 300 cycles was only 0.009 under the conditions of surface-to-surface contact and 5N load, and a stable super-slippery state was maintained.
Example 4:
an ultra-smooth structure suitable for large-scale long-period oil-free conditions can be used for contact interface friction in the industries of machinery, electronics, molds, aerospace equipment and the like. The structure of the friction surface comprises an upper base 1 and a lower base 2 made of resin base materials, wherein a plurality of special-shaped grooves 11 which are sequentially distributed are arranged on the friction surface where the upper base and the lower base are contacted, and the whole friction surface is in a honeycomb shape. The elastic modulus of the friction surface is 2.8GPa, the bulk modulus is 4.2GPa, the shear modulus is 1.5GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.65. The grooves 11 have a diameter of 90 μm and a depth of 10 μm. The friction coefficient of this sample was measured under oil-free conditions, and as shown in fig. 6, the friction coefficient was only 0.005 after 300 cycles under the conditions of surface-to-surface contact and 5N load, and a stable super-slippery state was maintained.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a super smooth structure suitable for under oil-free condition of large-scale long period which characterized in that: the friction surface of the upper substrate and the lower substrate which are contacted is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped channels or special-shaped grooves; the elastic modulus of the friction surface is 1.0-10GPa, the bulk modulus is 1.0-10GPa, the shear modulus is 0.3-2.0GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.2-0.7;
when the friction surface is provided with strip-shaped channels, the distance between the strip-shaped channels is 10-300 mu m, the width of the channel is 20-300 mu m, and the depth is 50nm-50 mu m;
when the friction surface is provided with the special-shaped grooves, the diameter of the grooves is 1.0-150 mu m, and the depth of the grooves is 50nm-50 mu m.
2. The ultra-smooth structure suitable for use in large scale long cycle oil-free conditions of claim 1, wherein: the upper and lower substrates may be planar, curved or flexibly deformable resin-based materials.
3. The ultra-smooth structure suitable for use in large scale long cycle oil-free conditions of claim 1, wherein: the friction surfaces of the upper and lower substrates are wavy.
4. The ultra-smooth structure suitable for use in large scale long cycle oil-free conditions of claim 1, wherein: the friction surfaces of the upper and lower substrates are provided with grooves arranged in a honeycomb shape.
5. The ultra-smooth structure suitable for use in large scale long-cycle oil-free conditions of claim 4, wherein: the diameter of recess is 30um-50um, and the degree of depth is 5um-25 um.
6. The ultra-smooth structure suitable for use in large scale long-cycle oil-free conditions according to any of claims 1-5, wherein: the friction coefficient of the super-smooth structure under the oil-free condition is 0.004-0.009.
7. Use of the ultra-smooth structure of any of claims 1-6 for kinetic friction in the industries of machinery, electronics, molding, aerospace, etc.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113231115A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-10 | 清华大学 | Digital microfluidic unit based on ultra-smooth technology and digital microfluidic system |
| CN114542937A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-27 | 西安交通大学 | Self-adaptive lubricating superstructure based on negative Poisson ratio substrate |
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