CN111664019B - Cylinder sleeve and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

Cylinder sleeve and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111664019B
CN111664019B CN201910177235.0A CN201910177235A CN111664019B CN 111664019 B CN111664019 B CN 111664019B CN 201910177235 A CN201910177235 A CN 201910177235A CN 111664019 B CN111664019 B CN 111664019B
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Prior art keywords
spraying
coating
cylinder sleeve
meshes
percent
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CN111664019A (en
Inventor
赵广华
王勇
王艳青
张高宁
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ZYNP Corp
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ZYNP Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C23/00—Tools; Devices not mentioned before for moulding
    • B22C23/02—Devices for coating moulds or cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/06—Casting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a cylinder sleeve and a preparation process thereof. The outer circle surface of this cylinder jacket distributes the depressed part at random and cuts apart the protruding arris of adjacent depressed part, and protruding arris encloses to close and forms the depressed part, and this depressed part includes the mesh, and the outer circle surface of cylinder jacket has the closed mesh that accounts for total mesh number at least 10%, and all the other meshes are intermittent mesh. The special structure of the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve can ensure that the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is easily filled with the aluminum alloy liquid in the pouring process of the aluminum alloy liquid, and tests show that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 90 percent, and the combination rate of the outer circle burr-shaped cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid is less than 50 percent.

Description

Cylinder sleeve and preparation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing of cylinder liners, and particularly relates to a cylinder liner and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The cylinder sleeve is a cylindrical part and is arranged in a cylinder barrel of a machine body cylinder body, the cylinder sleeve is fixedly pressed by a cylinder cover, the cylinder sleeve, a piston and the cylinder cover jointly form a combustion chamber, and the piston reciprocates in an inner hole of the cylinder sleeve. At present, an aluminum alloy embedded gray cast iron cylinder sleeve is commonly adopted for a car engine, one cylinder sleeve is in a threaded type with an excircle processed, and the other cylinder sleeve is in a burr shape with the excircle in an as-cast state.
The surface of the cylindrical thread type cylinder sleeve is too smooth and is not tightly combined with the aluminum alloy; the requirement of the excircle burr-shaped cylinder sleeve on the press is too high, and the burr root is not easy to fill because the pressure is too low, so that the combination tightness of the aluminum alloy and the cylinder sleeve is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defect of poor bonding tightness of the existing cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy, and further provides the cylinder sleeve with good bonding tightness of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy and a preparation process thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a cylinder jacket, the excircle surface random distribution depressed part of cylinder jacket and the protruding arris of cutting apart adjacent depressed part, protruding arris enclose to close and form the depressed part, the depressed part includes the mesh, just the excircle surface of cylinder jacket has the closed mesh that accounts for total mesh number at least 10%, and all the other meshes are intermittent mesh.
Preferably, the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve is provided with closed meshes accounting for 20-50% of the total meshes, and the rest meshes are intermittent meshes.
Furthermore, the mesh diameter of the concave part is 0.5-4.0mm, and the mesh depth is 0.1-0.6 mm.
In the invention, the measuring method of the mesh diameter adopts computer aided design software for measurement, such as Solidworks drawing software or UG drawing software and the like, and adopts Solidworks drawing software or UG drawing software for measurement, the inner edge of the concave part (namely the edge of the mesh) is traced through the Solidworks drawing software or the UG drawing software, the inner edges are connected end to form a closed graph, the area of the closed graph is calculated through the Solidworks drawing software or the UG drawing software, and the area of the closed graph is converted into circles with equal area, so that the diameter of the circle, namely the diameter of the mesh, is known.
In the present invention, the mesh depth is measured by: and clamping the cylinder sleeve on a lathe to turn the excircle, wherein half of the difference between the diameter of the excircle before turning and the diameter of the excircle after the convex edge is turned off is the mesh depth. The surface of the excircle of the cylinder sleeve after turning off is the base bottom surface of the concave part; a more accurate measurement method is: and taking the connecting line of the lowest parts of the concave parts at the left side and the right side of the detected convex edge as a reference plane, and measuring the distance between the reference plane and the top plane of the convex edge as the height of the convex edge, namely the mesh depth.
In the present invention, the projecting edge is defined as: regarding the base bottom surface of the concave part to be enclosed as a reference, as long as a plurality of continuous bulges are higher than the base bottom surface of the concave part, the bulges are considered as convex edges; more preferably, several continuous protrusions having a height of not less than 0.1mm with respect to the basal bottom surface of the depression, i.e., the protrusion edges, are considered.
In the invention, the closed meshes mean that the periphery of the concave part is enclosed and closed by the convex edges, and no gap exists in the meshes; the discontinuous meshes refer to the periphery of the concave part which is surrounded by the convex edge part, the meshes have gaps, and the gaps have no convex edges.
Furthermore, the number of meshes with the diameter of 0.5-2mm accounts for not less than 50% of the total number of meshes in the field of view; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the number of meshes with the diameter of 2-4mm accounts for not less than 50% of the total number of meshes in the visual field.
In the invention, the field of view refers to a field of view displayed by the super-depth-of-field microscope after the super-depth-of-field microscope randomly selects a plurality of observation points on the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve and the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve is amplified by a certain magnification, specifically, the magnification can be 20 times, and the number of the observation points can be 5.
Preferably, the mesh depth is 0.2-0.4 mm.
Preferably, the recessed portions and the raised ribs are both spread over the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation process of the cylinder sleeve, which comprises the steps of spraying the coating on the inner wall of the mold for at least two times and forming a coating layer on the inner wall of the mold before pouring the molten iron into the inner cavity of the mold.
Further, when the coating is sprayed, the temperature of the mold is 380 ℃ at 220-;
the coating spraying speed is 500-1100rpm, for example 500-1000rpm, 1020-1100 rpm.
Furthermore, the coating is sprayed by using a nozzle with the diameter of 1.5-2.5mm as a spray head;
the spraying direction of the coating spraying and the axial direction of the mould form an included angle of 25-65 degrees, for example, 25-60 degrees and 62-65 degrees. In addition, the opening angle of the coating spraying is two times of the included angle and is 50-120 degrees.
The spraying speed is 30-50 mm/s. The spraying travel speed refers to the moving speed of the spray head in the inner cavity of the mold along the axial direction of the mold.
Further, the paint spraying is composed of a first paint spraying and a second paint spraying, and the spraying interval time between the first paint spraying and the second paint spraying is 3-10 s.
Preferably, the first and second paint sprays have the same parameter values.
Further, the pouring temperature of the pouring is 1350-;
in the pouring process, centrifugal casting is carried out, and the rotating speed of the die is 1400-1600 rpm.
Further, the paint for spraying the paint comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-73 parts of water, 20-22 parts of diatomite and 5-10 parts of bentonite.
Further, the specific gravity of the coating is 1.1-1.2g/cm3The viscosity is 50-70 s.
Further, before the coating is used, a foaming agent accounting for 0.9-1.5 percent of the total weight of the coating is added into the coating.
Further, before the iron liquid is poured into the inner cavity of the mold, the method also comprises the step of adding an inoculant accounting for 0.4-0.8 percent of the total weight of the iron liquid and inoculating at 1380-1500 ℃.
Further, the molten iron consists of the following raw materials: 3.0-3.5 wt% of carbon, 2.0-2.7 wt% of silicon, 0.5-1.0 wt% of manganese, 0.1-0.4 wt% of chromium, 0.2-1.5 wt% of copper, less than 0.1wt% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.4wt% of phosphorus and the balance of iron;
the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium.
Further, the side wall of the mold is uniformly distributed with vent plugs, and the roughness of the inner wall of the mold is less than 3.2 μm;
cooling the mold after pouring the molten iron to the temperature of 700-800 ℃, taking out the casting from the mold, performing air cooling to obtain a blank, and performing shot blasting treatment on the blank.
Further, the shot blasting diameter of the shot blasting treatment is 0.2-0.4mm, and preferably 0.3 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the cylinder sleeve provided by the invention has the advantages that the concave parts and the convex edges for dividing the adjacent concave parts are randomly distributed on the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the concave parts are formed by enclosing the convex edges, the concave parts comprise meshes, closed meshes accounting for at least 10% of the total number of the meshes exist on the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve, and the rest meshes are intermittent meshes. The special structure of the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve can ensure that the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is easily filled with the aluminum alloy liquid in the pouring process of the aluminum alloy liquid, and tests show that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 90 percent, and the combination rate of the outer circle burr-shaped cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid is less than 50 percent.
(2) The cylinder sleeve provided by the invention further overcomes the defect that the aluminum alloy liquid is not full due to the fact that gaps exist among the mushroom-shaped or pointed cone-shaped burrs on the surface of the existing cylinder sleeve with the burr-shaped outer circle and the like in the casting process of adopting the gravity aluminum alloy, and the flowing of the aluminum alloy liquid is blocked by controlling the diameter of the meshes of the concave parts to be 0.5-4.0mm and the depth of the meshes to be 0.1-0.6 mm. The cylinder sleeve of the invention has a net structure with specific mesh diameter and mesh depth distributed on the outer circular surface, no gap exists, and the surface of the cylinder sleeve is easily filled with aluminum alloy liquid in the pouring process of the aluminum alloy liquid.
(3) According to the cylinder sleeve provided by the invention, the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and aluminum alloy liquid is improved by optimizing the fact that the closed meshes on the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve account for the total mesh number, the mesh number with the mesh diameter of 0.5-2mm accounts for the total mesh number in a view field, or the mesh number with the mesh diameter of 2-4mm accounts for not less than 50% of the total mesh number in the view field.
(4) The cylinder sleeve provided by the invention has low mesh depth, so that the height of the raised edges relative to the surface burrs of the conventional cylindrical burr-shaped cylinder sleeve is low, the outer wall is good in gold phase, under the same condition, the position of the cylinder sleeve, 1mm away from the outer wall, of the cylinder sleeve can realize that the proportion of A-type graphite is more than 70% and the length is 5-6 grades, the position of the cylinder sleeve, 1mm away from the outer wall, of the cylindrical burr-shaped cylinder sleeve is basically D + E-type graphite, the length is more than 7 grades, the wall thickness of the cylindrical burr-shaped cylinder sleeve needs to be increased to reach the metallographic state of the cylinder sleeve, and the cylindrical burr-shaped cylinder sleeve can only meet the requirement at a position 2mm away from the outer wall and is unstable. Therefore, under the condition of the same metallographic phase, the cylinder sleeve has a thinner wall thickness, the effective wall thickness of the cylinder sleeve can be reduced under the same condition, and the same oil storage and lubrication performance can be achieved after the post-honing, so that the weight of an engine is reduced, and the oil consumption is improved.
(5) The convex edge on the outer circular surface of the cylinder sleeve provided by the invention forms a convex similar to a reinforcing rib, the strength of the cylinder sleeve can be kept unchanged under the condition of reducing the wall thickness of the cylinder sleeve, the rigidity of the whole cylinder sleeve is fully ensured, and the deformation of the cylinder sleeve is reduced, so that the fuel consumption of an engine is reduced. Meanwhile, the concave part on the outer surface of the cylinder sleeve has better mold filling capacity, the application range of a die casting plant is wider, the cylinder sleeve can be used from gravity casting, low-pressure casting to high-pressure casting, and the conventional cylinder sleeve with the outer burr (such as a mushroom head cylinder sleeve) can only adapt to high-pressure casting.
(6) According to the preparation process of the cylinder sleeve, before the molten iron is poured into the inner cavity of the mold, at least two times of coating spraying is carried out on the inner wall of the mold, and the coating layer is formed on the inner wall of the mold.
(7) The preparation process of the cylinder sleeve provided by the invention comprises the steps of spraying a first coating and spraying a second coating, wherein the spraying interval time between the spraying of the first coating and the spraying of the second coating is 3-10s, the interval time between the spraying of the two coatings is optimized, water and a foaming agent in a coating layer formed after the spraying of the first coating are gasified and exploded rapidly in the continuous heating process, a plurality of tiny cavities are formed in the coating layer, then the spraying of the second coating is carried out before the coating is completely dried, pits formed by the previous coatings are covered, the structure of the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve can be optimized, the surface of the cylinder sleeve forms a honeycomb-shaped or hilly-like structure, the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and aluminum alloy liquid is improved, and the metallographic phase of the outer wall of a casting is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an external view of a cylinder liner in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the microscope at A in FIG. 1 at 20 times magnification;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, at a magnification of 100, cross-sectional view taken along line A1-A2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the microscope at B in FIG. 1 at 20 times magnification;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged, at B, section view taken along line B1-B2 of FIG. 1, at a magnification of 100;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the microscope at C in FIG. 1, at a magnification of 20;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged, at 100 times magnification, cross-sectional microscopic view taken along line C1-C2 of FIG. 1 at C;
description of reference numerals:
1-a recess; 1-1-closing the mesh; 1-2-interrupted mesh; 2-convex edge.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cylinder liner, as shown in fig. 1, concave portions 1 and convex edges 2 dividing adjacent concave portions 1 are randomly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner, the concave portions 1 are formed by enclosing the convex edges 2, the concave portions 1 comprise meshes, closed meshes 1-1 accounting for at least 10% of the total number of the meshes exist on the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner, and the rest meshes are intermittent meshes 1-2. Preferably, the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve is provided with closed meshes 1-1 accounting for 20-50% of the total meshes, and the rest meshes are intermittent meshes.
Further, the mesh diameter of the recess 1 is 0.5-4.0mm, and the mesh depth is 0.1-0.6 mm. Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 2-7, the mesh depth is 0.2-0.4mm, and more particularly, as shown in FIG. 3, the mesh depth is 428 μm; as shown in FIG. 5, the mesh depth was 328 μm; as shown in FIG. 7, the depth of the mesh was 353. mu.m.
In the cylinder sleeve, the special structure of the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve can ensure that the aluminum alloy liquid is easy to fill the surface of the cylinder sleeve in the pouring process of the aluminum alloy liquid, and tests show that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches over 90 percent, and the combination rate of the outer circle burr-shaped cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid is less than 50 percent.
Furthermore, the number of meshes with the diameter of 0.5-2mm accounts for not less than 50% of the total number of meshes in the field of view; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the number of meshes with the diameter of 2-4mm accounts for not less than 50% of the total number of meshes in the visual field.
By optimizing the fact that the number of closed meshes on the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve accounts for the total number of meshes, the number of meshes with the mesh diameter of 0.5-2mm accounts for the total number of meshes in a view field, or the number of meshes with the mesh diameter of 2-4mm accounts for not less than 50% of the total number of meshes in the view field, the method is beneficial to improving the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a cylinder liner and a preparation process thereof, the preparation process of the low-excircle cast-state honeycomb-like or hill-like cylinder liner adopts a centrifugal casting process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting raw materials: adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron, which comprises the following steps: weighing specified raw materials in proportion, smelting at 1550 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, and carrying out seasoning according to the following raw material requirements by weight: carbon: 3.3 percent; sulfur: less than 0.1 percent; silicon: 2.4 percent; phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; manganese: 0.8 percent; chromium: 0.25 percent; copper: 1 percent of iron, and the balance of iron, so as to obtain iron liquid;
(2) tapping and inoculation: tapping and inoculating the molten iron, wherein the tapping temperature is 1500 ℃, the inoculation adopts downstream inoculation, the inoculation amount is 0.5 wt%, and the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium;
(3) preparing a coating: mixing 73g of water, 22g of diatomaceous earth and 5g of bentonite, stirring for more than 8h, and detecting specific gravity of 1.15g/cm3Viscosity is 58s, before the coating is used, foaming agent liquid accounting for 1.3 percent of the total weight of the coating is added, and the coating is uniformly stirred for 5min and then used;
(4) casting: adopting a metal mould provided with a ventilation plug, wherein the roughness of the inner wall of the metal mould is less than 3.2 mu m, spraying by using a nozzle with the diameter of 2.5mm as a spray head, before spraying, controlling the temperature of the metal mould at 220 ℃, the spraying speed at 1100rpm, the spraying pressure at 0.3Mpa and the spraying opening angle at 62 degrees, enabling the spray head to firstly enter the inner cavity of the metal mould, then starting spraying, and spraying at the spraying advancing speed of 40mm/s to carry out first coating spraying;
then, after staying for 3 seconds, carrying out secondary coating spraying, controlling the temperature of the metal mold at 230 ℃, the spraying rotating speed at 1050rpm, the spraying pressure at 0.31Mpa and the spraying opening angle at 63 degrees, enabling the spray head to firstly enter the inner cavity of the metal mold, then starting spraying, enabling the spraying advancing speed to be 42mm/s, finishing spraying, blowing the inner hole of the mold cavity of the metal mold for 5 seconds by using compressed air through a vent plug to ensure that the coating is dried, finally pouring the molten iron, wherein the pouring temperature is 1380 ℃, carrying out centrifugal casting in the pouring process, wherein the rotating speed of the metal mold is 1415rpm, cooling the casting by using laser until the casting temperature is 700 ℃, taking out of a cylinder and cooling to obtain a blank;
(5) shot blasting: performing shot blasting treatment on the cooled blank, wherein the shot blasting diameter is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a low-excircle as-cast honeycomb or hill-like cylinder sleeve, concave parts and convex edges for dividing adjacent concave parts are randomly distributed on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the convex edges surround to form the concave parts, the mesh diameter of the concave parts is 3.5-4.5mm, the mesh depth is 0.71-0.75mm, continuously closed irregular closed meshes accounting for 19-22% of the total mesh number exist on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, and the rest meshes are intermittent irregular meshes;
tests prove that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 90 percent, and the cylinder sleeve can realize more than 70 percent of A-type graphite proportion and 5-6 grades of length at a position 1mm away from the outer wall.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a cylinder liner and a preparation process thereof, the preparation process of the low-excircle cast-state honeycomb-like or hill-like cylinder liner adopts a centrifugal casting process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting raw materials: adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron, which comprises the following steps: weighing specified raw materials in proportion, smelting at 1480 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, and carrying out seasoning according to the following raw material requirements by weight: carbon: 3.5 percent; sulfur: less than 0.1 percent; silicon: 2.0 percent; phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; manganese: 1.0 percent; chromium: 0.1 percent; copper: 1.5 percent of iron, and the balance of iron to obtain iron liquid;
(2) tapping and inoculation: tapping and inoculating the molten iron, wherein the tapping temperature is 1480 ℃, downstream inoculation is adopted for inoculation, the inoculation amount is 0.7 wt%, and the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium;
(3) preparing a coating: mixing 70g of water, 25g of diatomaceous earth and 5g of bentonite, stirring for more than 8h, and detecting specific gravity of 1.2g/cm3The viscosity is 60s, before the coating is used, foaming agent liquid accounting for 1.3 percent of the total weight of the coating is added, and the coating is uniformly stirred for 5min and then used;
(4) casting: adopting a metal mould provided with a ventilation plug, wherein the roughness of the inner wall of the metal mould is less than 3.2 mu m, spraying by using a nozzle with the diameter of 1.5mm as a spray head, before spraying, controlling the temperature of the metal mould at 240 ℃, the spraying speed at 1020rpm, the spraying pressure at 0.4Mpa and the spraying opening angle at 65 degrees, enabling the spray head to firstly enter the inner cavity of the metal mould, then starting spraying, and spraying at the spraying advancing speed of 30mm/s to carry out primary coating spraying;
then, after staying for 10s, carrying out secondary coating spraying, controlling the temperature of the metal mold at 240 ℃, carrying out 1070rpm of coating speed, carrying out 0.25MPa of coating pressure and 64 degrees of spraying opening angle, enabling the spray head to firstly enter the inner cavity of the metal mold, then starting spraying, carrying out 35mm/s of spraying advancing speed, finishing spraying, blowing an inner hole of the die cavity of the metal mold for 5s by using compressed air through a vent plug to ensure that the coating is dried, finally pouring the molten iron, wherein the pouring temperature is 1350 ℃, carrying out centrifugal casting in the pouring process, carrying out 1456rpm of the metal mold, carrying out laser cooling until the temperature of a casting is 800 ℃, taking out of a cylinder and carrying out air cooling to obtain a blank;
(5) shot blasting: performing shot blasting treatment on the cooled blank, wherein the shot blasting diameter is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a low-excircle as-cast honeycomb or hill-like cylinder sleeve, concave parts and convex edges for dividing adjacent concave parts are randomly distributed on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the convex edges surround to form the concave parts, the mesh diameter of the concave parts is 3.3-4.4mm, the mesh depth is 0.67-0.71mm, continuously closed irregular closed meshes accounting for 20-22% of the total mesh number exist on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, and the rest meshes are intermittent irregular meshes;
tests prove that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 90 percent, and the cylinder sleeve can realize more than 70 percent of A-type graphite proportion and 5-6 grades of length at a position 1mm away from the outer wall.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a cylinder liner and a preparation process thereof, the preparation process of the low-excircle cast-state honeycomb-like or hill-like cylinder liner adopts a centrifugal casting process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting raw materials: adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron, which comprises the following steps: weighing specified raw materials in proportion, smelting at 1500 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, and carrying out seasoning according to the following raw material requirements by weight: carbon: 3.0 percent; sulfur: less than 0.1 percent; silicon: 2.7 percent; phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; manganese: 0.5 percent; chromium: 0.4 percent; copper: 0.2 percent of iron, and the balance of iron, thus obtaining iron liquid;
(2) tapping and inoculation: tapping and inoculating the molten iron, wherein the tapping temperature is 1500 ℃, the inoculation adopts downstream inoculation, the inoculation amount is 0.6 wt%, and the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium;
(3) preparing a coating: mixing 75g of water, 20g of diatomaceous earth and 5g of bentonite, stirring for more than 8h, and detecting specific gravity of 1.1g/cm3The viscosity is 50s, before the coating is used, foaming agent liquid accounting for 1.0 percent of the total weight of the coating is added, and the coating is uniformly stirred for 5min and then used;
(4) casting: adopting a metal mould provided with a vent plug, wherein the roughness of the inner wall of the metal mould is less than 3.2 mu m, spraying by using a nozzle with the diameter of 2mm as a spray head, controlling the temperature of the metal mould at 310 ℃ before spraying, the spraying rotation speed at 950rpm, the spraying pressure at 0.4Mpa and the spraying opening angle at 55 degrees, enabling the spray head to firstly enter the inner cavity of the metal mould, then starting spraying, and spraying at the spraying advancing speed of 50mm/s to carry out first coating spraying;
then, after staying for 5s, performing secondary coating spraying according to the parameters of the primary coating spraying, finishing the spraying, blowing an inner hole of a die cavity of the metal die for 5s by using compressed air through a vent plug to ensure that the coating is dried, finally pouring the molten iron at the pouring temperature of 1450 ℃, performing centrifugal casting during the pouring process, cooling the metal die to the casting temperature of 750 ℃ by using laser at the rotating speed of 1550rpm, taking the metal die out of the cylinder, and performing air cooling to obtain a blank;
(5) shot blasting: performing shot blasting treatment on the cooled blank, wherein the shot blasting diameter is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a low-excircle as-cast honeycomb or hill-like cylinder sleeve, concave parts and convex edges for dividing adjacent concave parts are randomly distributed on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the convex edges surround to form the concave parts, the mesh diameter of the concave parts is 0.7-1.2mm, the mesh depth is 0.25-0.29mm, continuous closed irregular closed meshes accounting for 19-21% of the total mesh number exist on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, other meshes are intermittent irregular meshes, and the mesh number accounting for 0.5-2mm in the total mesh number in a view field is not less than 50%;
tests prove that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 93 percent, and the cylinder sleeve can realize more than 75 percent of A-type graphite proportion and 4-5 levels of length at a position 1mm away from the outer wall.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a cylinder liner and a preparation process thereof, the preparation process of the low-excircle cast-state honeycomb-like or hill-like cylinder liner adopts a centrifugal casting process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting raw materials: adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron, which comprises the following steps: weighing specified raw materials in proportion, smelting at 1550 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, and carrying out seasoning according to the following raw material requirements by weight: carbon: 3.3 percent; sulfur: less than 0.1 percent; silicon: 2.4 percent; phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; manganese: 0.8 percent; chromium: 0.25 percent; copper: 1 percent of iron, and the balance of iron, so as to obtain iron liquid;
(2) tapping and inoculation: tapping and inoculating the molten iron, wherein the tapping temperature is 1500 ℃, the inoculation adopts downstream inoculation, the inoculation amount is 0.5 wt%, and the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium;
(3) preparing a coating: mixing 73g of water, 22g of diatomaceous earth and 5g of bentonite, stirring for more than 8h, and detecting specific gravity of 1.15g/cm3Viscosity is 58s, before the coating is used, foaming agent liquid accounting for 1.3 percent of the total weight of the coating is added, and the coating is uniformly stirred for 5min and then used;
(4) casting: adopting a metal mould provided with a ventilation plug, wherein the roughness of the inner wall of the metal mould is less than 3.2 mu m, spraying by using a nozzle with the diameter of 2.5mm as a spray head, before spraying, controlling the temperature of the metal mould at 260 ℃, the spraying speed at 650rpm, the spraying pressure at 0.3Mpa and the spraying opening angle at 53 degrees, enabling the spray head to firstly enter the inner cavity of the metal mould, then starting spraying, and spraying at the spraying advancing speed of 40mm/s to carry out first coating spraying;
then, after staying for 3s, carrying out secondary coating spraying according to the parameters of the primary coating spraying, finishing the spraying, blowing an inner hole of a die cavity of a metal die for 5s by using compressed air through a vent plug to ensure that the coating is dried, finally pouring the molten iron, wherein the pouring temperature is 1480 ℃, carrying out centrifugal casting during the pouring process, the rotating speed of the metal die is 1415rpm, cooling the casting by using laser until the casting temperature is 700 ℃, taking out of a cylinder, and carrying out air cooling to obtain a blank;
(5) shot blasting: performing shot blasting treatment on the cooled blank, wherein the shot blasting diameter is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a low-excircle as-cast honeycomb or hill-like cylinder sleeve, concave parts and convex edges for dividing adjacent concave parts are randomly distributed on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the convex edges surround to form the concave parts, the mesh diameter of the concave parts is 1.1-2.2mm, the mesh depth is 0.53-0.56mm, continuously closed irregular closed meshes accounting for 20-22% of the total mesh number exist on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, other meshes are intermittent irregular meshes, and the mesh number accounting for 0.5-2mm of the mesh diameter is not less than 50% of the total mesh number in a view field;
tests prove that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 93 percent, and the cylinder sleeve can realize more than 75 percent of A-type graphite proportion and 4-5 levels of length at a position 1mm away from the outer wall.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a cylinder liner and a preparation process thereof, the preparation process of the low-excircle cast-state honeycomb-like or hill-like cylinder liner adopts a centrifugal casting process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting raw materials: adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron, which comprises the following steps: weighing specified raw materials in proportion, smelting at 1480 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, and carrying out seasoning according to the following raw material requirements by weight: carbon: 3.5 percent; sulfur: less than 0.1 percent; silicon: 2.0 percent; phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; manganese: 1.0 percent; chromium: 0.1 percent; copper: 1.5 percent of iron, and the balance of iron to obtain iron liquid;
(2) tapping and inoculation: tapping and inoculating the molten iron, wherein the tapping temperature is 1480 ℃, downstream inoculation is adopted for inoculation, the inoculation amount is 0.7 wt%, and the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium;
(3) preparing a coating: mixing 70g of water, 25g of diatomaceous earth and 5g of bentonite, stirring for more than 8h, and detecting specific gravity of 1.2g/cm3The viscosity is 60s, before the coating is used, foaming agent liquid accounting for 1.3 percent of the total weight of the coating is added, and the coating is uniformly stirred for 5min and then used;
(4) casting: adopting a metal mould provided with a vent plug, wherein the roughness of the inner wall of the metal mould is less than 3.2 mu m, spraying by using a nozzle with the diameter of 1.5mm as a spray head, before spraying, controlling the temperature of the metal mould at 370 ℃, the spraying speed at 600rpm, the spraying pressure at 0.4Mpa and the spraying opening angle at 50 degrees, enabling the spray head to enter the inner cavity of the metal mould, then starting spraying, and spraying at the spraying advancing speed of 30mm/s to perform first-time coating spraying;
then, after staying for 10s, carrying out secondary coating spraying according to the parameters of the primary coating spraying, finishing the spraying, blowing an inner hole of a die cavity of the metal die for 5s by using compressed air through a vent plug to ensure that the coating is dried, finally pouring the molten iron at the pouring temperature of 1450 ℃, carrying out centrifugal casting during the pouring process, cooling the metal die to the casting temperature of 800 ℃ by using laser at the rotating speed of 1456rpm, taking out of a cylinder, and carrying out air cooling to obtain a blank;
(5) shot blasting: performing shot blasting treatment on the cooled blank, wherein the shot blasting diameter is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a low-excircle as-cast honeycomb or hill-like cylinder sleeve, concave parts and convex edges for dividing adjacent concave parts are randomly distributed on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the convex edges surround to form the concave parts, the mesh diameter of the concave parts is 2.1-3.5mm, the mesh depth is 0.56-0.61mm, continuous closed irregular closed meshes accounting for 20% of the total mesh number exist on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, other meshes are intermittent irregular meshes, and the mesh number accounting for 2-4mm does not less than 50% of the total mesh number in a view field;
tests prove that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 93 percent, and the cylinder sleeve can realize more than 75 percent of A-type graphite proportion and 4-5 levels of length at a position 1mm away from the outer wall.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a cylinder liner and a preparation process thereof, the preparation process of the low-excircle cast-state honeycomb-like or hill-like cylinder liner adopts a centrifugal casting process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting raw materials: adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron, which comprises the following steps: weighing specified raw materials in proportion, smelting at 1500 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, and carrying out seasoning according to the following raw material requirements by weight: carbon: 3.0 percent; sulfur: less than 0.1 percent; silicon: 2.7 percent; phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; manganese: 0.5 percent; chromium: 0.4 percent; copper: 0.2 percent of iron, and the balance of iron, thus obtaining iron liquid;
(2) tapping and inoculation: tapping and inoculating the molten iron, wherein the tapping temperature is 1450 ℃, the inoculation adopts downstream inoculation, the inoculation amount is 0.6 wt%, and the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium;
(3) preparing a coating: mixing 75g of water, 20g of diatomaceous earth and 5g of bentonite, stirring for more than 8h, and detecting specific gravity of 1.1g/cm3The viscosity is 50s, before the coating is used, foaming agent liquid accounting for 1.0 percent of the total weight of the coating is added, and the coating is uniformly stirred for 5min and then used;
(4) casting: adopting a metal mould provided with a ventilation plug, wherein the roughness of the inner wall of the metal mould is less than 3.2 mu m, spraying by using a nozzle with the diameter of 2mm as a spray head, before spraying, controlling the temperature of the metal mould at 350 ℃, the spraying speed of 960rpm, the spraying pressure of 0.35Mpa and the spraying opening angle of 100 degrees, enabling the spray head to firstly enter the inner cavity of the metal mould, then starting spraying, and spraying at the spraying advancing speed of 45mm/s, and spraying a first coating;
then, after staying for 8s, performing secondary coating spraying according to the parameters of the primary coating spraying, finishing the spraying, blowing an inner hole of a die cavity of a metal die for 8s by using compressed air through a vent plug to ensure that the coating is dried, finally pouring the molten iron at the pouring temperature of 1480 ℃, performing centrifugal casting during the pouring process, cooling the metal die to the casting temperature of 790 ℃ by using laser at 1420rpm, taking out of the cylinder and air-cooling to obtain a blank;
(5) shot blasting: performing shot blasting treatment on the cooled blank, wherein the shot blasting diameter is 0.4mm, so as to obtain a low-excircle as-cast honeycomb or hill-like cylinder sleeve, concave parts and convex edges for dividing adjacent concave parts are randomly distributed on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the convex edges surround to form the concave parts, the mesh diameter of the concave parts is 0.52-1.5mm, the mesh depth is 0.38-0.44mm, continuously closed irregular closed meshes accounting for 50-51% of the total mesh number exist on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the rest meshes are intermittent irregular meshes, and the mesh number accounting for 0.5-2mm of the mesh diameter is not less than 50% of the total mesh number in a view field;
tests prove that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 93 percent, and the cylinder sleeve can realize more than 75 percent of A-type graphite proportion and 4-5 levels of length at a position 1mm away from the outer wall.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a cylinder liner and a preparation process thereof, the preparation process of the low-excircle cast-state honeycomb-like or hill-like cylinder liner adopts a centrifugal casting process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting raw materials: adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron, which comprises the following steps: weighing specified raw materials in proportion, smelting at 1500 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, and carrying out seasoning according to the following raw material requirements by weight: carbon: 3.4 percent; sulfur: less than 0.1 percent; silicon: 2.2 percent; phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; manganese: 0.9 percent; chromium: 0.2 percent; copper: 1.2 percent of iron, and the balance of iron, thus obtaining iron liquid;
(2) tapping and inoculation: tapping and inoculating the molten iron, wherein the tapping temperature is 1525 ℃, downstream inoculation is adopted for inoculation, the inoculation amount is 0.4wt%, and the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium;
(3) preparing a coating: mixing 71g water, 24g diatomaceous earth and 5g bentonite, stirring for more than 8 hr, and detecting specific gravity of 1.11g/cm3The viscosity is 52s, before the coating is used, foaming agent liquid accounting for 1.5 percent of the total weight of the coating is added, and the coating is uniformly stirred for 5min and then used;
(4) casting: adopting a metal mould provided with a vent plug, wherein the roughness of the inner wall of the metal mould is less than 3.2 mu m, spraying by using a nozzle with the diameter of 1.8mm as a spray head, before spraying, controlling the temperature of the metal mould at 310 ℃, the spraying speed at 950rpm, the spraying pressure at 0.4Mpa and the spraying opening angle at 120 degrees, enabling the spray head to enter an inner cavity of the metal mould, then starting spraying, and spraying at the spraying speed of 45mm/s to perform first coating spraying;
then, after staying for 8s, performing secondary coating spraying according to the parameters of the primary coating spraying, finishing the spraying, blowing an inner hole of a die cavity of a metal die for 8s by using compressed air through a vent plug to ensure that the coating is dried, finally pouring the molten iron at 1460 ℃, performing centrifugal casting during the pouring process, wherein the rotating speed of the metal die is 1480rpm, cooling the metal die by using laser until the casting temperature is 730 ℃, taking the metal die out of a cylinder, and performing air cooling to obtain a blank;
(5) shot blasting: performing shot blasting treatment on the cooled blank, wherein the shot blasting diameter is 0.2mm, so as to obtain a low-excircle as-cast honeycomb or hill-like cylinder sleeve, concave parts and convex edges for dividing adjacent concave parts are randomly distributed on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, the convex edges surround to form the concave parts, the mesh diameter of the concave parts is 0.8-1.2mm, the mesh depth is 0.40-0.43mm, continuous closed irregular closed meshes accounting for 38-42% of the total mesh number exist on the excircle surface of the cylinder sleeve, other meshes are intermittent irregular meshes, and the mesh number accounting for 0.5-2mm in the total mesh number in a view field is not less than 50%;
tests prove that the combination rate of the cylinder sleeve and the aluminum alloy liquid reaches more than 93 percent, and the cylinder sleeve can realize more than 75 percent of A-type graphite proportion and 4-5 levels of length at a position 1mm away from the outer wall.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (12)

1. The preparation process of the cylinder sleeve is characterized by further comprising the steps of spraying at least two times of coatings on the inner wall of a mold before pouring molten iron into the inner cavity of the mold, and forming a coating layer on the inner wall of the mold;
the paint spraying is composed of a first paint spraying and a second paint spraying, and the second paint spraying is carried out before the first paint spraying is completely dried; when the coating is sprayed, the temperature of the mold is 220-380 ℃, and the spraying pressure of the coating spraying is 0.2-0.4 Mpa;
the coating for spraying the coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-73 parts of water, 20-22 parts of diatomite and 5-10 parts of bentonite;
before the coating is used, a foaming agent accounting for 0.9 to 1.5 percent of the total weight of the coating is added into the coating;
the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve is randomly distributed with concave parts and convex edges for dividing adjacent concave parts, the concave parts are formed by enclosing the convex edges, the concave parts comprise meshes, closed meshes accounting for at least 10% of the total number of the meshes exist on the outer circle surface of the cylinder sleeve, and the rest meshes are intermittent meshes; the mesh depth of the concave part of the cylinder sleeve is 0.1-0.6 mm.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating is sprayed at a speed of 500-1100 rpm.
3. The production process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the paint is sprayed by using a nozzle having a diameter of 1.5 to 2.5mm as a spray head;
the spraying direction of the coating spraying and the axial included angle of the mould are 25-65 degrees.
4. A production process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spraying interval between the first and second paint sprays is 3-10 s.
5. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the casting temperature is 1350-1500 ℃;
in the pouring process, centrifugal casting is carried out, and the rotating speed of the die is 1400-1600 rpm.
6. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dope has a specific gravity ranging from 1.1 to 1.2g/cm and a viscosity ranging from 50 to 70 s.
7. The process according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of adding an inoculant in an amount of 0.4-0.8% by weight of the total weight of the molten iron before pouring the molten iron into the mold cavity, and inoculating at 1380-1500 ℃.
8. The preparation process according to claim 7, wherein the molten iron consists of the following raw materials: 3.0-3.5 wt% of carbon, 2.0-2.7 wt% of silicon, 0.5-1.0 wt% of manganese, 0.1-0.4 wt% of chromium, 0.2-1.5 wt% of copper, less than 0.1wt% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.4wt% of phosphorus and the balance of iron;
the inoculant is silicon, strontium and zirconium.
9. The preparation process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mould side walls are uniformly distributed with gas-permeable plugs, the roughness of the inner walls of the mould being less than 3.2 μm;
cooling the mold after pouring the molten iron to the temperature of 700-800 ℃, taking out the casting from the mold, performing air cooling to obtain a blank, and performing shot blasting treatment on the blank.
10. The manufacturing process according to claim 9, wherein the shot diameter of the shot blasting treatment is 0.2-0.4 mm.
11. A cylinder liner, characterized by being manufactured by the manufacturing process of any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. The cylinder liner according to claim 11, characterized in that the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner has closed cells in an amount of 20-50% by number of the total cells, and the remaining cells are intermittent cells.
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CN112643001A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-13 中船重工西安东仪科工集团有限公司 Core coating brushing process method for improving surface quality of casting
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