CN111663900A - 一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺 - Google Patents
一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺,该工艺包括依次实施的直井段钻井、斜井段钻井、水平段钻井;在直井段钻井中采用钾铵基聚合物钻井液体系进行钻井,并且采用水泥浆进行堵漏;在斜井段钻井中采用加入有沥青粉、页岩抑制剂、超细碳酸钙的钻井液;在水平段钻井中采用加入有抑制剂、天然无荧光润滑剂、流变调节剂的钻井液。与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:降低坍塌压力、延长坍塌周期;岩样滚动回收率>90%,48h膨胀率<8%,高温高压失水<10mL;时效降低30%,平均钻井和完井周期缩短20%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于油气藏钻井技术领域,具体涉及一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺。
背景技术
油气开采中的钻井主要包括钻进工程和完井工程。钻进工程就是从开钻到钻至勘探开发目的层,钻完全井进尺的钻凿过程。开钻,是指下入导管或各层套管后第一只钻头的开始钻进。钻进可分为第一次开钻、第二次开钻、第三次开钻等。一口井从井深为零开始钻进,称第一次开钻,简称一开;表层套管固井以后再开钻,称第二次开钻,简称二开;技术套管固井完后再开钻,称第三次开钻,简称三开;如技术套管有两层、三层,则还会有四开、五开。钻进工程主要内容是:钻进起下钻、钻井取心,以及在钻井中与固井、录井、测井、与井壁取心、中途测试的配合工作。钻井液、管具、特殊钻井的技术服务贯穿于钻进的全过程,但是现在钻井过程中存在以下的缺点:1、上部漏失井段与下部垮塌井段在同一裸眼段,且无安全密度窗口;2、上部井段漏失严重,常规堵漏效果差,水泥浆堵漏成功率高;3、采用大罐+钻井液不落地,水泥浆堵漏后泥浆池Ca2+,Mg2+和Al3+含量高;4、高价阳离子含量高导致钻井液失水量高,最终导致下部泥页岩层段易垮塌。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺点,本发明提供一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺。
本发明解决上述技术问题所提供的技术方案是:一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺,该工艺包括依次实施的直井段钻井、斜井段钻井、水平段钻井;在直井段钻井中采用钾铵基聚合物钻井液体系进行钻井,并且采用水泥浆进行堵漏;在斜井段钻井中采用加入有沥青粉、页岩抑制剂、超细碳酸钙的钻井液;在水平段钻井中采用加入有抑制剂、天然无荧光润滑剂、流变调节剂的钻井液。
进一步的技术方案是,所述钾铵基聚合物钻井液体系包括聚胺抑制剂、纳米封堵剂、湿润反转剂、降失水剂、润滑剂、包被剂、小钾复配稀胶液、钠膨润土浆。
进一步的技术方案是,其斜井段钻井中加入3%的沥青粉、2%的页岩抑制剂、3%的超细碳酸钙。
进一步的技术方案是,在水泥浆封堵漏后,对泥浆池采用物理方法清除高价阳离子。
进一步的技术方案是,所述物理方法为堵漏后扫塞采用小罐回收存储,邻井漏层回注。
进一步的技术方案是,在斜井段钻井和水平段钻井中的钻井液为钙处理钻井液。
与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
1、降低坍塌压力、延长坍塌周期;
2、岩样滚动回收率>90%,48h膨胀率<8%,高温高压失水<10mL;
3、时效降低30%,平均钻井和完井周期缩短20%。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做更进一步的说明。
现在确认目标井的目的层为盒1,设计井深4171.44m,设计垂深3086m。一开采用311.2毫米钻头,钻至508米,二开采用222.3毫米钻头钻至3562m,三开水平段设计600米。
其具体的工艺步骤分为:一开直井段钻井、二开直井段钻井、二开斜井段钻井、三开水平段钻井;
其中一开直井段钻井的处理措施为:一开使用钾铵基聚合物钻井液体系,为确保井内安全,保证第四系风积稳定,提前配制坂土浆100方,使用预水化钠膨润土浆稠浆开钻。
在施工过程中,先用包被剂和小钾复配稀胶液补充,维护提高钻井液的抑制性和携岩能力,确保砂层不出现坍塌;并根据钻井液粘切值的变化,适当补充钠膨润土浆,以保证钠膨润土含量与较高粘切;随着井深的增加,控制失水,减小对井壁的浸泡;适当降低粘切防止井壁厚泥饼引起的起下钻不畅,确保井内安全;
完钻后,充分循环洗井,将井内的钻屑循环干净,配稠塞封下部井段保证了下套管和固井作业的顺利进行套的顺利下入。
二开直井段钻井的处理措施为:开钻前彻底清洗泥浆罐,保养固控设备确保灵活好用,配浆80方;
在施工过程中,根据井内情况,在上部直井段为有效提高机械钻速,使用无固相钻井液,开钻后认真搞好固控工作,以细目震动筛为主,除砂器与离心机合理使用,使固相含量及含砂量控制在设计范围内,确保低粘切,低固相,最大限度提高钻速,防止在上部易渗漏砂岩层形成较厚的泥饼造成起下钻困难;
在钻进过程中,加大抑制剂的用量,提高抑制性,同时配合降失水剂降低失水;适当提高粘切,防止冲刷井壁;充分利用固控设备清除有害固相,三角罐做到勤放少放,减少固相含量;
二开斜井段钻井的处理措施为:进至造斜段前调整钻井液性能,在循环浆加入无荧光润滑剂降低泥饼粘滞系数达到设计要求;并提高钻井液的防塌抑制性能确保井眼稳定;随着井斜的增加岩屑床的形成,根据现场情况及时调整钻井液的流变性能,提高动切力,在45度角以前采用紊流洗井有利于钻井液的携岩;加大降滤失剂用量,降低失水,在井壁上形成薄而致密的泥饼,防止井壁的不稳定;加入3%的沥青粉、2%的页岩抑制剂、3%的超细碳酸钙对地层裂隙进行封堵,有效防止泥岩垮塌,保证泥浆中优质坂土含量防止了泥岩坍塌。
三开水平段钻井的处理措施为:在钻进裸眼段后依井下磨阻情况向泥浆中加入一定量的天然无荧光润滑剂以增强钻井液的润滑性,降低摩阻;适当地用流变剂调整泥浆的流变性,使泥浆具有极强的携岩能力及较高的低剪切速率,保证井眼的彻底净化,防止近井壁冲刷严重,增强井壁的稳定性;开钻后,及时补充抑制剂来控制气层段分散造浆、垮塌,进一步增强井壁的稳定性和油层保护;适度提高碱度,以防止泥浆因氧化、细菌发生霉变,产生发酵,进一步提高稳定性;
日常钻井液维护以补充新浆为主,同时根据性能的变化用少量的添加剂对循环系统内的泥浆处理调控,保持性能稳定,满足要求;钻进过程中,振动筛采用140目细目振动筛网,保持除砂、除泥一体化清洁器、离心机全程使用,起下钻不停离心机,把比重控制在设计内,最大化的清除有害固相;同时往循环体系中补充新浆和处理剂,保证泥浆性能的稳定和良好,最大限度的减少了对储层的污染。
以上所述,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已通过上述实施例揭示,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些变动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺,其特征在于,该工艺包括依次实施的直井段钻井、斜井段钻井、水平段钻井;
在直井段钻井中采用钾铵基聚合物钻井液体系进行钻井,并且采用水泥浆进行堵漏;
在斜井段钻井中采用加入有沥青粉、页岩抑制剂、超细碳酸钙的钻井液;
在水平段钻井中采用加入有抑制剂、天然无荧光润滑剂、流变调节剂的钻井液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺,其特征在于,所述钾铵基聚合物钻井液体系包括聚胺抑制剂、纳米封堵剂、湿润反转剂、降失水剂、润滑剂、包被剂、小钾复配稀胶液、钠膨润土浆。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺,其特征在于,其斜井段钻井中加入3%的沥青粉、2%的页岩抑制剂、3%的超细碳酸钙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺,其特征在于,在水泥浆封堵漏后,对泥浆池采用物理方法清除高价阳离子。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺,其特征在于,所述物理方法为堵漏后扫塞采用小罐回收存储,邻井漏层回注。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种致密低渗油气藏水平井改善井壁稳定的钻井工艺,其特征在于,在斜井段钻井和水平段钻井中的钻井液为钙处理钻井液。
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