CN111663516B - Fishing construction method for dynamic compaction hammer - Google Patents
Fishing construction method for dynamic compaction hammer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111663516B CN111663516B CN202010404270.4A CN202010404270A CN111663516B CN 111663516 B CN111663516 B CN 111663516B CN 202010404270 A CN202010404270 A CN 202010404270A CN 111663516 B CN111663516 B CN 111663516B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
- B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a fishing method of a dynamic compaction hammer, which comprises the following steps: step S1: ascertaining the position of the ram; step S2: the rammer posture is ascertained; step S3: arranging a primary caisson in soft soil at the upper part of the rammer, and excavating soft soil in the primary caisson; step S4: digging until the hammer handle of the rammer is exposed, and hoisting the rammer to a safe area. The fishing method for the dynamic ram provided by the invention can prevent soft soil from flowing into the side direction of the excavation pit in the excavation process, reduce the position and posture change of the ram, reduce the engineering quantity in the fishing process, and improve the fishing efficiency so as to ensure the engineering progress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering, in particular to a fishing method of a dynamic compaction hammer.
Background
Along with the development of social economy, the land resources are increasingly tense, and the situation of the tense land resources is relieved by sea surrounding land making engineering, mountain digging land making engineering (backfilling reinforcement treatment engineering on soft soil deposited at the bottom of a valley) and the like; with increasing land filling and land making projects and mountain opening and land making projects, the backfill soil foundation treatment technology is developed rapidly, and the dynamic compaction method is popularized rapidly in coastal and river-coastal areas, mountainous areas in the middle and western parts and areas all the way in China due to the advantages of economy, rapidness and high efficiency;
in the construction of the dynamic compaction method, due to the reasons of site hydraulic filling, uneven backfill thickness, complex geological conditions, uneven soft soil thickness and the like, a rammer is easy to penetrate through a ground surface covering layer and sink into a soft soil layer, so that the engineering construction is forced to be stopped, the engineering construction period is delayed, and great economic loss is caused. In order to recover economic loss and ensure that a project is completed on time, a rammer in soft soil must be quickly salvaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a fishing method of a dynamic compactor, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: ascertaining the position of the ram;
step S2: the rammer posture is ascertained;
step S3: arranging a primary caisson in soft soil at the upper part of the rammer, and excavating soft soil in the primary caisson;
step S4: digging until the hammer handle of the rammer is exposed, and hoisting the rammer to a safe area.
Further, in step S1, the location of the ram is detected by a metal detector.
Further, the step S2 finds the rammer attitude by the straight steel bars.
Further, in the step S2, the posture of the ram is ascertained by the ultrasonic induction scanner, and the specific steps are as follows:
step A1, constructing a pixel value matrix of a plurality of strong rammers in different postures in soil according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a matrix of pixel values representing the first tension ram,
represents the first
A matrix of pixel values of the tension rams,
a pixel value representing a point whose abscissa and ordinate are 1,
the size of a pixel value matrix shot by different cameras is represented, and the sizes of pictures are different;
step A2, calculating the threshold values of the edge pixel values and other pixel values in each strong rammer pixel value matrix by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
represents the mean value of each matrix of strong ram pixel values in the neighborhood,
represents the standard deviation of each strong ram pixel value matrix,
is a dynamic range representing the standard deviation of the pixel value matrix of each tension ram,
represents one of the defined correction parameters which,
is taken as
，
Is the coordinate point to which the pixel value corresponds,
a threshold value representing the edge pixel value and other pixel values in each strong ramming pixel value matrix;
step A3, scanning the dynamic ram in the soil through an ultrasonic induction scanner, transmitting the pixel value of the scanned dynamic ram imaging to an internal calculation model, suppressing other pixel values to 0 through the threshold values of the edge pixel value and other pixel values in each dynamic ram pixel value matrix obtained through calculation, extracting the edge pixel value, finally returning the imaging of the edge pixel value profile of the dynamic ram in the soil, and judging the posture of the dynamic ram according to the imaging of the edge pixel value profile of the dynamic ram in the soil.
Further, step S3.5 is also included after step S3;
the step S3.5 is as follows: and arranging a secondary caisson in the primary caisson, wherein the rammer is positioned in the secondary caisson, and continuously excavating soft soil in the secondary caisson.
Furthermore, the first-stage caisson and the second-stage caisson are side walls which are opened up and down and closed in the circumferential direction, and the first-stage caisson and the second-stage caisson are formed by welding steel plates.
Furthermore, the primary caissons are arranged in a plurality of sections, and along with the excavation depth, the primary caissons sink section by section, and the primary caissons are connected by welding.
Further, in the processes of step S3 and step S3.5, step S1 and step S2 are repeated to determine the position and posture of the ram.
Further, in the step S4, a lifting plate is welded to the hammer handle, the lifting plate is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is connected to a crane hook to lift the ram to a safe area.
The fishing method for the dynamic ram provided by the invention can prevent soft soil from flowing into the side direction of the excavation pit in the excavation process, reduce the position and posture change of the ram, reduce the engineering quantity in the fishing process, and improve the fishing efficiency so as to ensure the engineering progress.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1: a fishing method schematic diagram of the dynamic ram;
FIG. 2: the primary caisson is a schematic structural diagram, wherein, a drawing (a) is a top view of a section of the primary caisson, and a drawing (b) is a side view of the section of the primary caisson;
FIG. 3: the structure schematic diagram of the secondary caisson, wherein, the diagram (a) is the top view of the secondary caisson, and the diagram (b) is the side view of the secondary caisson;
FIG. 4: the schematic diagram of the posture of the rammer is proved through straight steel bars;
FIG. 5: the structure of the lifting plate is schematically shown, wherein the drawing (a) is a front view of the lifting plate, the drawing (a) is a side view of the lifting plate, and the drawing (a) is a top view of the lifting plate.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a rammer; 2. soft soil; 3. a primary caisson; 4. straight reinforcing steel bars; 5. a secondary caisson; 6. lifting the hanger plate; 7. a through hole; 8. a crane; 9. a surface covering.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
The embodiment provides a fishing method for a dynamic compaction hammer, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1:
step S1: ascertaining the position of the rammer 1;
step S2: the posture of the rammer 1 is ascertained;
step S3: sinking a primary caisson 3 in the soft soil 2 at the upper part of the rammer 1, and excavating the soft soil 2 in the primary caisson 3;
step S4: dig until rammer 1 hammer handle exposes, lift rammer 1 to safe area.
Step S2 is to find the rammer attitude through the ultrasonic induction scanner, and the specific steps are as follows:
step A1, constructing a pixel value matrix of a plurality of strong rammers in different postures in soil according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a matrix of pixel values representing the first tension ram,
represents the first
A matrix of pixel values of the tension rams,
a pixel value representing a point whose abscissa and ordinate are 1,
the size of a pixel value matrix shot by different cameras is represented, and the sizes of pictures are different;
step A2, calculating the threshold values of the edge pixel values and other pixel values in each strong rammer pixel value matrix by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
represents the mean value of each matrix of strong ram pixel values in the neighborhood,
represents the standard deviation of each strong ram pixel value matrix,
is a dynamic range representing the standard deviation of the pixel value matrix of each tension ram,
represents one of the defined correction parameters which,
is taken as
，
Is the coordinate point to which the pixel value corresponds,
representing edge pixel values and other pixels in each pixel value matrix of the dynamic compaction hammerA threshold value of the value;
step A3, scanning the dynamic ram in the soil through an ultrasonic induction scanner, transmitting the pixel value of the scanned dynamic ram imaging to an internal calculation model, suppressing other pixel values to 0 through the threshold values of the edge pixel value and other pixel values in each dynamic ram pixel value matrix obtained through calculation, extracting the edge pixel value, finally returning the imaging of the edge pixel value profile of the dynamic ram in the soil, and judging the posture of the dynamic ram according to the imaging of the edge pixel value profile of the dynamic ram in the soil.
Has the advantages that: the algorithm is realized based on the traditional image algorithm, the algorithm integrates the image imaging principle to extract the outline of the dynamic ram to show the current imaging, the posture of the dynamic ram is judged through the imaging, so that the state of the current dynamic ram can be really and accurately known, the next operation is better executed, the algorithm also provides a real-time effect, the imaging of the edge pixel value outline of the dynamic ram in the soil can be immediately shown through scanning the dynamic ram in the soil by an ultrasonic induction scanner, and the algorithm has strong calculation support.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
the weak soil 2 refers to silt, mucky soil, partial filling soil, miscellaneous filling soil, silted soil and other high-compressibility soil. Due to the characteristics of large natural pore ratio, low shearing strength and the like of the soft soil 2, the rammer 1 is sunk into the soft soil 2 to a depth of several meters less and several tens of meters more, and the position of the rammer 1 can be changed in the sinking process.
Therefore, if the soft soil 2 is directly excavated, the position of the rammer 1 cannot be accurately found, the soft soil 2 around the excavation pit can continuously flow into the excavation pit in the excavation process, and the position and the posture of the rammer 1 can also continuously change due to the movement of the soft soil 2, so that the engineering quantity is large, the difficulty is high, the time is consumed, the efficiency is low, and the engineering progress is delayed.
In the embodiment, the position of the rammer 1 is firstly found out, then the posture of the rammer is further determined according to the position of the rammer 1, by arranging the first-stage caisson 3 and excavating the soft soil 2 in the first-stage caisson 3, the first-stage caisson 3 prevents the soft soil 2 from flowing into the side of the excavation pit, and the speed of the soft soil 2 flowing into the bottom of the first-stage caisson 3 is lower, so that the excavation speed is higher than the speed of the soft soil 2 flowing into the bottom of the first-stage caisson 3, and the first-stage caisson 3 can be submerged while excavating the soft soil 2 in the first-stage caisson 3. Meanwhile, when the rammer 1 is excavated nearby, the primary caisson 3 surrounds the soft soil 2 around the rammer 1, so that the part of the soft soil 2 continuously supports the rammer 1, the position and posture change of the rammer 1 is greatly reduced, and the subsequent fishing work is facilitated. When the shank portion of rammer 1 is exposed, the entire rammer 1 can be lifted out through the shank portion to a safe area.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the excavation in-process prevents that soft soil 2 from gushing into from the excavation side direction, reduces the position of ram hammer, the gesture changes, thereby can reduce the engineering volume of salvage process, improve salvage efficiency and guarantee the engineering progress.
In one embodiment, the location of ram 1 is ascertained by a metal detector in step S1.
This example presents a method of ascertaining the position of ram 1.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, step S2 ascertains the pose of rammer 1 by straight rebar 4.
In the embodiment, a method for detecting the position of the rammer 1 is provided, after the position of the rammer 1 is detected, the depths of different parts of the rammer 1 in the soft soil 2 are reflected according to the depth of the straight reinforcing steel bars 4 extending into the soft soil 2 by inserting the straight reinforcing steel bars 4 downwards from the soft soil 2 at the upper part of the rammer 1 until the straight reinforcing steel bars 4 reach the rammer 1 through the detection for a plurality of times, so that the posture of the rammer 1 is reflected.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, step S3 is followed by step S3.5;
the step S3.5 is as follows: and a secondary caisson 5 is arranged in the primary caisson 3, the rammer 1 is positioned in the secondary caisson 5, and the soft soil 2 is continuously excavated in the secondary caisson 5.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: in the first embodiment, a primary caisson 3 is provided, but the position and attitude of the ram 1 still changes during the fishing process. Therefore, at the beginning of fishing, the space inside the primary caisson 3 needs to be designed with a certain margin, so as to ensure that the rammer 1 is always located within the range of the primary caisson 3 in the fishing process. However, since the extra space is provided, when the ram is fished near the ram 1, the inner wall of the primary caisson has a certain distance from the ram, and therefore, the weak soil 2 in this portion moves due to the pressure of the ram 1 weighing several tons, and the ram 1 is insufficiently supported by the weak soil 2, and the ram 1 moves, and the position and posture of the ram changes, which is disadvantageous for the fishing. Meanwhile, the soft soil 2 in the surplus space is more, and the workload is increased.
In the embodiment, after a distance is dug, the secondary caisson 5 is arranged in the primary caisson 3, so that the total amount of the soft soil 2 between the inner wall 5 of the secondary caisson and the rammer 1 is reduced. Therefore, the better supporting effect on the rammer 1 can be guaranteed, the position and the posture of the rammer 1 can be guaranteed, and meanwhile, the excavated earth volume can be reduced, so that the salvaging workload and the salvaging difficulty are reduced, and the salvaging efficiency is improved.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: further guarantee 1 position of ram and gesture, reduce the work load and the degree of difficulty of salvaging, improve salvage efficiency.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the primary caisson 3 and the secondary caisson 5 are side walls which are open at the top and bottom and closed at the circumferential direction, the primary caisson 3 and the secondary caisson 5 are formed by welding steel plates, and specifically, in this embodiment, the sections of the primary caisson 3 and the secondary caisson 5 are rectangular.
The embodiment shows the specific structure of the primary caisson 3 and the secondary caisson 5.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the primary caissons 3 are provided in multiple sections, and each section of the primary caissons 3 sinks one by one along with the excavation depth, and each section of the primary caissons 3 is connected by welding.
The embodiment shows a specific arrangement mode of the primary caisson 3. The depth of rammer 1 sinking into soft soil is few meters, and many tens of meters, so the primary caisson needs a very high height.
In this embodiment, the first-stage caisson 3 is arranged into a plurality of sections, and then along with the excavation progress, the first-stage caisson 3 is sunk section by section, and the sections are connected by welding, so that the processing difficulty of the first-stage caisson 3 is reduced, and the site construction is facilitated.
In one embodiment, steps S1 and S2 are repeated continuously during steps S3 and S3.5 to continuously determine the position and attitude of rammer 1.
In the first embodiment, it is mentioned that the position and the posture of the rammer 1 are constantly changed due to the characteristics of the soft soil 2, so that the constructor can always master the position and the posture of the rammer 1 through the technical scheme of the embodiment, thereby more accurately constructing and improving the fishing efficiency.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, in the step S4, a lifting plate 6 is welded to the hammer shank 1, a through hole 7 is formed in the lifting plate 6, and a hook is connected to the through hole 7 through a crane 8 to lift the rammer 1 to a safe area.
The embodiment provides a specific scheme for hoisting the rammer.
In addition, a measure for eliminating the suction force of the sludge is taken in the process of hoisting the rammer 1, so that the hoisting is convenient, and the construction safety in the hoisting engineering is ensured. After hoisting the rammer 1, the primary caisson 3 and the secondary caisson 5 are pulled up to a safe area.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A fishing construction method of a dynamic compaction hammer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: ascertaining the position of the ram;
step S2: the rammer posture is ascertained;
step S3: arranging a primary caisson in soft soil at the upper part of the rammer, and excavating soft soil in the primary caisson;
step S4: digging until a hammer handle of the rammer is exposed, and hoisting the rammer to a safe area;
step S2 is to find the rammer attitude through the ultrasonic induction scanner, and the specific steps are as follows:
step A1, constructing a pixel value matrix of a plurality of strong rammers in different postures in soil according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a matrix of pixel values representing the first tension ram,
represents the first
A matrix of pixel values of the tension rams,
a pixel value representing a point whose abscissa and ordinate are 1,
the size of a pixel value matrix shot by different cameras is represented, and the sizes of pictures are different;
step A2, calculating the threshold values of the edge pixel values and other pixel values in each strong rammer pixel value matrix by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
represents the mean value of each matrix of strong ram pixel values in the neighborhood,
represents the standard deviation of each strong ram pixel value matrix,
is a dynamic range representing the standard deviation of the pixel value matrix of each tension ram,
represents one of the defined correction parameters which,
is taken as
，
Is the coordinate point to which the pixel value corresponds,
a threshold value representing the edge pixel value and other pixel values in each strong ramming pixel value matrix;
step A3, scanning the dynamic ram in the soil through an ultrasonic induction scanner, transmitting the pixel value of the scanned dynamic ram imaging to an internal calculation model, suppressing other pixel values to 0 through the threshold values of the edge pixel value and other pixel values in each dynamic ram pixel value matrix obtained through calculation, extracting the edge pixel value, finally returning the imaging of the edge pixel value profile of the dynamic ram in the soil, and judging the posture of the dynamic ram according to the imaging of the edge pixel value profile of the dynamic ram in the soil.
2. A fishing method of the dynamic compaction hammer according to claim 1,
in step S1, the ram position is detected by a metal detector.
3. A fishing method of the dynamic compaction hammer according to claim 1,
step S3.5 is also included after step S3;
the step S3.5 is as follows: and arranging a secondary caisson in the primary caisson, wherein the rammer is positioned in the secondary caisson, and continuously excavating soft soil in the secondary caisson.
4. A fishing method of the dynamic compaction hammer according to claim 3,
the primary caisson and the secondary caisson are side walls which are opened up and down and closed in the circumferential direction, and the primary caisson and the secondary caisson are formed by welding steel plates.
5. A fishing method of the dynamic compaction hammer according to claim 1,
the primary caisson is provided with a plurality of sections, each section of the primary caisson sinks section by section along with the excavation depth, and each section of the primary caisson is connected through welding.
6. A fishing method of the dynamic compaction hammer according to claim 3,
in the processes of step S3 and step S3.5, step S1 and step S2 are repeated to determine the position and posture of the ram.
7. A fishing method of the dynamic compaction hammer according to claim 1,
and in the step S4, a hoisting plate is welded on the hammer handle, a through hole is formed in the hoisting plate, and the hoisting plate is connected with the through hole through a crane hook to hoist the rammer to a safe area.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6110118A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 2000-08-29 | Acuson Corporation | Method and apparatus for ultrasound image quantification |
| CN103637817A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-19 | 海信集团有限公司 | Ultrasonic imaging processing method and device |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6110118A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 2000-08-29 | Acuson Corporation | Method and apparatus for ultrasound image quantification |
| CN103637817A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-19 | 海信集团有限公司 | Ultrasonic imaging processing method and device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| "深孔大直径桩基钻头打捞的方案比选及安全防护";万小波等;《福建建筑》;20140801(第8期);第79-80、76页 * |
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