CN111662094A - Method for improving vermiculite expansion rate through double pressurization and chambering - Google Patents
Method for improving vermiculite expansion rate through double pressurization and chambering Download PDFInfo
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- CN111662094A CN111662094A CN202010524700.6A CN202010524700A CN111662094A CN 111662094 A CN111662094 A CN 111662094A CN 202010524700 A CN202010524700 A CN 202010524700A CN 111662094 A CN111662094 A CN 111662094A
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- carbonate
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- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014824 magnesium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002370 magnesium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000022 magnesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 on the other hand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/0072—Heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving vermiculite expansion rate by double pressurization and chambering, which comprises the following steps: using a solution containing soluble carbonate or bicarbonate as a modifier to perform ion exchange modification on raw vermiculite ore so as to fill hydrated cations and carbonate ions or bicarbonate ions between vermiculite layers to obtain modified vermiculite; the modified vermiculite is subjected to heat treatment by adopting an instantaneous heating technology to obtain a vermiculite product with a high expansion rate. The method has the advantages of simplicity, easy operation, low cost, no pollution, high production efficiency, high expansion rate and the like, and can improve the expansion rate of the vermiculite by at least 15 percent compared with a method using sodium chloride as a modifier under the same condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral materials, in particular to a method for improving the expansion rate of vermiculite.
Background
Vermiculite is a complex layered silicate mineral, is formed by hydrothermally altering or weathering biotite or phlogopite, or is formed by bedrockIs degraded by the erosion of acid rock pulp. Vermiculite has 2: 1-layer laminated structure, two layers of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (part of silicon is replaced by aluminum) frameworks sandwiched by Mg2+、K+、Fe3+Octahedra to fill the gap. There is a large amount of adsorbed water, interlayer water and structural water between vermiculite layers, so vermiculite has unique thermal volume expansion properties. The expanded vermiculite has the characteristics of good thermal stability, ion exchange property, adsorbability and the like, is commonly used for preparing fire-resistant and heat-insulating materials, catalyst carriers, adsorbing materials and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of building, metallurgy, chemical industry, agriculture, environmental protection, heat insulation, fire resistance, insulation and the like.
When the expanded vermiculite is functionally applied, the performance of the expanded vermiculite is closely related to the expansion degree. Generally, the higher the expansion factor of vermiculite, the better the application properties. Therefore, the vermiculite expansion process is a key link for preparing high-performance expanded vermiculite products. Based on the characteristics of the vermiculite interlayer structure and the thermal expansion principle, researchers often adopt a modification method to improve the thermal expansion rate of the vermiculite. Chinese patent publication No. CN106431046A discloses a method for modifying and expanding vermiculite, which comprises modifying vermiculite in a solution of potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, magnesium nitrate or magnesium chloride at a certain concentration, and then expanding the modified vermiculite under heating at a certain temperature and for a certain period of time to obtain expanded vermiculite. Chinese patent publication No. CN108793178A discloses a method for improving vermiculite expansion, which comprises mixing raw ore vermiculite with water or salt solutions such as sodium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, magnesium chloride, etc., performing high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal modification, and performing microwave or high-temperature furnace heating to obtain expanded vermiculite. Chinese patent publication No. CN109231228A discloses a high-expansion-rate expanded vermiculite based on weak-hydration phlogopite intercalation and a preparation method thereof, in the method, an oxidant and industrial water are mixed to prepare an oxidant solution, the oxidant solution and reducing organic acid are added into an acid-resistant reaction container to be mixed to prepare a composite intercalation agent, and then the composite intercalation agent is used for modifying and heating weak-hydration phlogopite to obtain the high-expansion-rate vermiculite product. The common characteristic of the above-mentioned method is that the interlaminar hydrated cation content is increased by means of ion exchange so as to raise interlaminar water content and attain the goal of raising thermal expansion property of vermiculite. However, this method has a limited degree of improvement in the thermal expansion rate of vermiculite due to the limited exchange capacity of hydrated ions between vermiculite layers. In addition, some methods need to be carried out under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, so that the method has high danger, higher requirements on reaction vessels and more complex production process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical background, the present invention aims to: the method for improving the expansion rate of the vermiculite has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in operation, low cost, no pollution, high production efficiency, high expansion rate and the like.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the method for improving the expansion rate of vermiculite by double pressurization and hole expansion comprises the following steps:
1) using a solution containing soluble carbonate or bicarbonate as a modifier to perform ion exchange modification on raw vermiculite ore so as to fill hydrated cations and carbonate ions or bicarbonate ions between vermiculite layers to obtain modified vermiculite;
2) carrying out heat treatment on the modified vermiculite obtained in the step 1) by adopting an instantaneous heating technology to obtain a vermiculite product with a high expansion rate.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the raw vermiculite ore in 1) is a particle with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm.
In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the soluble carbonate in 1) is selected from one or a combination of more than two of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or ammonium carbonate; more preferably sodium or potassium carbonate; most preferably potassium carbonate; 1) the soluble bicarbonate is selected from one or more of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate; more preferably sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate; sodium bicarbonate is most preferred.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, the ion exchange modification in 1) comprises the steps of mixing the modifier with the raw vermiculite, standing and soaking for 1-24 hours; preferably standing and soaking for 5-20 h.
In a more preferable embodiment of the present invention, the ion exchange modification of 1) further comprises performing ultrasonic oscillation treatment before the standing soaking; further preferably performing ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 10-120 min; more preferably 30-60 min ultrasonic oscillation treatment; most preferably 30min, 45min or 60 min.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, 1) the modification is that each gram of the raw vermiculite ore is modified by 0.01-0.03 mol of the carbonate or the bicarbonate; more preferably, each gram of the raw vermiculite ore is modified by 0.012-0.025 mol of the carbonate or the bicarbonate.
In a more preferable scheme of the invention, the concentration of the modifier solution is 0.2-2 mol/L; further preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mol/L; most preferably 1.0 to 1.2 mol/L.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, the step 1) further comprises drying, wherein the drying temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the drying time is 2-8 h.
In the preferable scheme of the invention, the heat treatment temperature of 2) is 200-; more preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the heating time is 30-120 s; most preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 700 ℃ and the heating time is 90 s. The heat treatment temperature and time are key factors influencing the expansion effect of the vermiculite. The heat treatment temperature is too high or too low, which is not favorable for improving the expansion rate of the vermiculite, because: the temperature is too low to reach the decomposition temperature of the crystal water and the carbonate or bicarbonate radical, the interlayer air pressure is low, and the expansion degree of the vermiculite is limited; too high a temperature may cause collapse of the interlaminar structure of the vermiculite, resulting in poor expansion. The heat treatment time can also obviously influence the expansion effect of the vermiculite, and the proper heat treatment time can not only obtain good expansion effect, but also effectively save energy. Too short a heat treatment time may result in incomplete vermiculite expansion process, while too long a heat treatment time may result in destruction of the interlaminar structure of the vermiculite and waste of energy.
The invention relates to a method for improving vermiculite expansion rate by double pressurization and chambering, which has the following basic principle: interlayer water molecules exist among the vermiculite layers, interlayer water is evaporated to generate vapor pressure when the vermiculite layers are heated, and the vermiculite sheets expand rapidly along the direction vertical to the structural layers under the action of the vapor pressure. Based on the principle, the method firstly adopts soluble carbonate or bicarbonate solution as a modifier to modify the raw vermiculite, so that ion exchange occurs between vermiculite layers, and the modifier cation and carbonate ions or bicarbonate ions enter the layers. Because the positive ions of the modifier have strong hydration, the modifier and water molecules are subjected to hydration reaction in the solution, so that the water content between vermiculite layers is increased. And then, carrying out heat treatment on the modified vermiculite by adopting an instantaneous heating technology, wherein due to temperature sudden rise, on one hand, carbonate or bicarbonate between vermiculite layers is heated and decomposed to generate carbon dioxide gas, on the other hand, interlayer water is heated and evaporated to generate steam, vermiculite layers are rapidly expanded under the action of double air pressure, and the interlayer spacing and the porosity are remarkably increased, so that a vermiculite product with high expansion rate is obtained. Under the inventive concept of the invention, the content of water and carbonate or bicarbonate between vermiculite layers can be regulated and controlled by changing the type and concentration of the modifier within a certain range, and the heating temperature and the heating time are adjusted, so that the controllable preparation of vermiculite products with different expansion rates is finally realized. The method has the advantages of simple method, easy operation, low cost, no pollution, high production efficiency, high expansion rate and the like, and can improve the expansion rate of the vermiculite by at least 15 percent compared with a method using sodium chloride as a modifier under the same condition.
The high-expansion-rate vermiculite produced by the method has the characteristics of high temperature resistance value, high porosity, good ion exchange property and adsorption property and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of building, metallurgy, chemical industry, agriculture, environmental protection, heat insulation, fire resistance, insulation and the like. For example, the aggregate can be used as a lightweight concrete aggregate in the building industry, a high-temperature coating material in the metallurgical industry, a soil conditioner in the agricultural industry, a filler for a coating in the chemical industry, a wastewater treatment adsorption material in the environmental protection aspect, a high-temperature heat insulating material and a fireproof insulating material in the fire-resistant and heat-insulating aspect, and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving vermiculite expansion rate by double pressurization and chambering, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) preparing raw materials. Screening and removing impurities from raw vermiculite ore for later use.
(2) And (4) preparing a modifier solution. Weighing a certain amount of carbonate or bicarbonate modifier, adding a proper amount of water, and preparing into a modifier solution with a certain concentration.
(3) Modifying vermiculite. Adding the vermiculite in the step (1) into the step (2), oscillating for a certain time by adopting ultrasonic waves, and then standing for a certain time. And finally, taking out the modified vermiculite, filtering, putting into a drying oven, and drying at a certain temperature for a certain time to obtain the modified vermiculite.
(4) The modified vermiculite expands under heating. And (3) heating the heating furnace to a certain temperature, quickly putting the modified vermiculite in the step (3) into the furnace, heating for a certain time, and taking out the modified vermiculite to finish the preparation of the expanded vermiculite.
Example 1
Mixing 10g of vermiculite raw ore with the particle size of 0.5-2 mm with 150ml of 0.8mol/L sodium carbonate solution, ultrasonically oscillating for 30min, and then standing for modification for 1.5 h. And after modification, taking out the vermiculite, filtering, putting into a drying oven, drying at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, and taking out, thus finishing the preparation of the modified vermiculite. And (3) expanding the modified vermiculite in a high-temperature furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 30s at the temperature of 600 ℃ to obtain the expanded vermiculite, wherein the expansion rate of the expanded vermiculite is 2.1.
Comparative example 1
10g of vermiculite raw ore with the particle size of 0.5-2 mm is directly added into a high-temperature furnace for expansion without modification, and the expanded vermiculite is obtained by heat treatment for 30s at the temperature of 600 ℃, wherein the expansion rate of the expanded vermiculite is only 1.2.
Example 2
Mixing 5g of vermiculite raw ore with particle size of 0.5-2 mm with 100ml of 1.2mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution, ultrasonically oscillating for 45min, and standing for modification for 3 h. And after modification, taking out the vermiculite, filtering, putting into a drying oven, drying at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, and taking out, thus finishing the preparation of the modified vermiculite. And (3) expanding the modified vermiculite in a high-temperature furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 60s at the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain the expanded vermiculite, wherein the expansion rate of the expanded vermiculite is 8.5.
Comparative example 2
The modifier in the example 2 is changed into a sodium chloride solution with the same concentration and volume, other modification conditions are the same as those of the example 3, the modified vermiculite is subjected to heat treatment for 60s at the temperature of 700 ℃, and the expanded vermiculite is obtained, wherein the expansion rate of the expanded vermiculite is 7.2.
Example 3
Mixing 20g of vermiculite raw ore with the particle size of 0.5-2 mm with 250ml of 1mol/L potassium carbonate solution, ultrasonically oscillating for 60min, and then standing for modification for 4 h. And after modification, taking out the vermiculite, filtering, putting into a drying oven, drying at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, and taking out, thus finishing the preparation of the modified vermiculite. And (3) expanding the modified vermiculite in a high-temperature furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 90s at the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain the expanded vermiculite, wherein the expansion rate of the expanded vermiculite is 9.6.
Comparative example 3
20g of raw vermiculite ore with the particle size of 0.5-2 mm is directly added into a high-temperature furnace to be expanded under the unmodified condition, and the expanded vermiculite is obtained by heat treatment for 90s at the temperature of 700 ℃, wherein the expansion rate of the expanded vermiculite is 4.4.
Comparative example 4
20g of raw vermiculite ore with the particle size of 0.5-2 mm is modified by potassium carbonate solution (the modification condition is the same as that of example 3), then expanded in a high-temperature furnace, and heat-treated for 90s at 100 ℃, 150 ℃, 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃ respectively to obtain expanded vermiculite, wherein the expansion rates of the expanded vermiculite are 1.1, 1.2, 6.8 and 6.4 respectively.
Comparative example 5
20g of raw vermiculite ore with the particle size of 0.5-2 mm is modified by potassium carbonate solution (the modification condition is the same as that of example 3), then the raw vermiculite ore is expanded in a high-temperature furnace, and the raw vermiculite ore is respectively subjected to heat treatment for 5s, 10s, 210s and 240s at the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain expanded vermiculite, wherein the expansion rate of the expanded vermiculite is 1.5, 1.8, 6.1 and 5.9.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving vermiculite expansion rate by double pressurization and hole expansion comprises the following steps:
1) using a solution containing soluble carbonate or bicarbonate as a modifier to perform ion exchange modification on raw vermiculite ore so as to fill hydrated cations and carbonate ions or bicarbonate ions between vermiculite layers to obtain modified vermiculite;
2) carrying out heat treatment on the modified vermiculite obtained in the step 1) by adopting an instantaneous heating technology to obtain a vermiculite product with a high expansion rate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: 1) the raw vermiculite ore is particles with the particle size of 0.5-2 mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: 1) the soluble carbonate is selected from one or a composition of more than two of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or ammonium carbonate; more preferably sodium or potassium carbonate; most preferably potassium carbonate; 1) the soluble bicarbonate is selected from one or more of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate; more preferably sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate; sodium bicarbonate is most preferred.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: 1) the ion exchange modification comprises the steps of mixing the modifier with the raw vermiculite ore, standing and soaking for 1-24 hours; preferably standing and soaking for 5-20 h.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: 1) the ion exchange modification further comprises ultrasonic oscillation treatment before standing and soaking; further preferably performing ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 10-120 min; more preferably 30-60 min ultrasonic oscillation treatment; most preferably 30min, 45min or 60 min.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: 1) modifying each gram of the raw vermiculite ore by using 0.01-0.03 mol of the carbonate or the bicarbonate; more preferably, each gram of the raw vermiculite ore is modified by 0.012-0.025 mol of the carbonate or the bicarbonate.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the modifier solution is 0.2-2 mol/L; further preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mol/L; most preferably 1.0 to 1.2 mol/L.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: 1) further comprises drying, wherein the drying temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the drying time is 2-8 h.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: 2) the thermal expansion temperature of the heat treatment is 200-1000 ℃, and the heating time is 15-180 s; more preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the heating time is 30-90 s; most preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 700 ℃ and the heating time is 90 s.
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