CN111659842A - Die forging processing method for variable-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece - Google Patents

Die forging processing method for variable-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece Download PDF

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CN111659842A
CN111659842A CN202010463915.1A CN202010463915A CN111659842A CN 111659842 A CN111659842 A CN 111659842A CN 202010463915 A CN202010463915 A CN 202010463915A CN 111659842 A CN111659842 A CN 111659842A
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forging
die
cavity
piece
blank
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CN111659842B (en
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吴代建
崔明亮
王泽忠
张鹏
曾德涛
刘娟
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China Second Heavy Machinery Group Deyang Wanhang Die Forging Co Ltd
Sichuan Engineering Technical College
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Sichuan Engineering Technical College
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a die forging processing method of a variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece, wherein the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece is of a nearly circular frame type structure, the die forging processing method is that a concave structure shunting cavity corresponding to a part difficult to form of a designed forge piece in the die forging processing process is arranged in a lower die cavity of a blank making die and/or a pre-forging die, and the shunting cavity on the blank making die and/or the pre-forging die is used as the shunting material when the corresponding blank making die and/or the pre-forging piece is formed by expanding a frame with equal cross section, equal radius and variable radius in the die forging processing process. The method can effectively adjust the flowing speed and direction of the metal material of the blank and/or the pre-forging piece in the forming process, so that the part difficult to form and the part easy to form on the designed forging piece tend to form at the same time in high quality, the forming pressure is reduced, the defects of folding and the like caused by confluence of the metal material in the forging at the part difficult to form are avoided, and the high-efficiency and high-quality forming of the part difficult to form of the designed forging piece is ensured.

Description

Die forging processing method for variable-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece
Technical Field
The invention belongs to die forging technology, and particularly relates to a die forging processing method of a large-scale irregular variable cross-section titanium alloy frame (namely a frame structure) forging.
Background
The forging process and the forming quality of the large-scale irregular variable cross-section titanium alloy frame forging are the technical focuses of industry attention all the time, and the forging process and the forming quality of the large-scale irregular variable cross-section titanium alloy frame forging are important bearing members on aircrafts (airplanes), for example, the large-scale irregular variable cross-section titanium alloy frame forging is used as a bulkhead, a wall plate and the like of a large rib plate.
The forging forming of the forging is generally realized according to the die forging of the technological process of blanking, pre-forging and finish forging. In the existing die forging processing technology, the forging processing of the blank making process section and/or the pre-forging process section on the corresponding blank making piece and/or the pre-forging piece is only realized by expanding the frame through a traditional conventional die cavity.
However, the forming process of the forging is to forge the upsetting cake with equal section and equal radius through each process section to form a variable section and variable radius expanded irregular approximately circular frame-shaped structure, in the forming process of the constant-section and constant-radius upset cake to the variable-section and variable-radius expanded frame forming, namely blank manufacturing (the constant-section and constant-radius upset cake is converted into the variable-section and variable-radius blank manufacturing through forging), pre-forging (the constant-section and constant-radius upset cake is converted into the variable-section and variable-radius blank manufacturing through forging, and then the variable-section and variable-radius blank manufacturing is converted into the pre-forging with a larger expanded frame structure change through forging), the upsetting cake has a change of a section structure along the circumference and a change of the radius distance between the approximately circular frame and the upsetting cake with the equal radius, so that a relative easy-forming part and a relative difficult-forming part are inevitably formed in the die forging process. Blank making and/or pre-forging materials processed by the existing die forging processing technology are/is not distributed uniformly, so that the forming of thick and large parts and parts far away from the center (namely parts difficult to form on a forging) is insufficient, a series of technical problems including inaccurate positioning, folding, poor process control consistency and the like of a post-process section are brought to the processing of the post-process section, the processing technology difficulty is increased, the efficiency is reduced, and the quality is not easy to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the particularity of the large-sized nearly-circular variable-section titanium alloy frame forge piece and the defects of the existing die forging processing technology, the die forging processing method of the variable-section titanium alloy frame forge piece is provided, wherein during the die forging processing process, materials can be effectively and uniformly distributed from equal sections and equal radiuses to variable sections and variable radiuses during frame expansion forming, and efficient and high-quality forming of parts difficult to form is guaranteed.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece is of a nearly circular frame type structure, a concave structure shunting cavity corresponding to a part difficult to form of a designed forge piece in the die forging processing process is arranged in a lower die cavity of a blank making die and/or a preforging die, and the shunting cavity on the blank making die and/or the preforging die is used as a shunting material when a corresponding blank making piece and/or the preforging piece is formed by a constant cross section, a constant radius direction variable cross section and a variable radius frame expanding in the die forging processing process.
Preferably, the split flow cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the split flow cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die are kept at the same position.
As one preferable scheme, the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is positioned at the edge of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is larger than the volume of the equal-radian hard-forming part on the pre-forging piece relative to the equal-radian easy-forming part, and the following relational expression is satisfied:
Vshunting cavity：(VHard-to-form region-VRegion of easy formation)＝1.1～1.3；
In the formula, VShunting cavityThe volume of a flow distribution cavity in a lower die cavity of the blank making die;
Vhard-to-form regionThe volume of the part which is difficult to form with equal radian on the pre-forging piece;
Vregion of easy formationThe volume of the easy-forming part with equal radian on the pre-forging piece is obtained.
As one of the preferable schemes, a flow dividing cavity in a lower die cavity of the blank making die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and a design connecting skin of a blank making piece and a frame are in transition by a rounded corner with the radius of not less than 100 mm; and/or a flow dividing cavity in a lower die cavity of the preforging die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and a design connecting skin of the preforging piece are in transition with a frame by a fillet with the radius of not less than 100 mm.
As one of the preferable schemes, a concave structure shunting cavity corresponding to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction is arranged in the upper die cavity of the blank making die; and/or a concave structure shunting cavity corresponding to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction is arranged in the upper die cavity of the preforging die.
Preferably, a plurality of sections of arc-shaped positioning bosses corresponding to easily formed parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging process are arranged in a lower die cavity of the blank making die, the positioning bosses are positioned on the outer side of an upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the inner diameter of a circle formed by the positioning bosses is 10-30 mm larger than the outer diameter of the bottom of the upset cake, and the upset cake is placed in the central area of the circle formed by the positioning bosses. Furthermore, the height of a positioning boss in a lower die cavity of the blank making die is not less than 20mm, the width of the positioning boss is not less than 30mm, the inner side drawing slope of the positioning boss is greater than the outer side slope, and the outer side slope of the positioning boss is not less than the slope between the design connecting skin and the frame of the blank making part at the corresponding position.
Preferably, the part of the designed forge piece which is difficult to form in the die forging process is divided into an easy-forming area, a part with large section change and long distance change is divided into a difficult-forming area, and a part between the easy-forming area and the difficult-forming area is divided into a transition area according to the change of the section structure of the designed forge piece along the circumference in the die forging process and the change of the distance between the nearly circular frame and the equal-radius upset cake.
Preferably, the design forging is a force bearing member on an aircraft, and the frame expansion size ratio of the design forging in the finish forging process section, the pre-forging process section, the blank making process section and the blank process section is 1: 0.95-1: 0.9-0.95: 0.5 to 0.6. Furthermore, the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the designed forge piece in the blank making process section is 45-60 degrees, and the radius of the inner fillet is not less than 100mm, the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the designed forge piece in the pre-forging process section is 45 degrees, and the radius of the inner fillet is half of that of the blank making process section.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the inward concave structure shunting cavity corresponding to the part difficult to form of the designed forge piece in the die forging processing process is arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank making die and/or the preforging die, so that the regular equal-section and equal-radius upset cakes can be effectively guided and distributed to the irregular variable-section and variable-radius expanded frame in the forging process, namely, the blank making and/or the preforging piece during forming, the flowing speed and direction of the metal material in the forming process of the blank making and/or the preforging piece are adjusted, the part difficult to form and the part easy to form on the designed forge piece tend to be formed simultaneously and in high quality, the forming pressure is reduced, the phenomenon that the metal material in the forging is converged at the part difficult to form to cause the defects of folding and the like is avoided, and the high-efficiency and high-quality forming of the part difficult to form of the designed forge piece are ensured;
2. according to the invention, the shunting cavity structures are preferably formed in the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die respectively, so that the high-efficiency and high-quality forming of the part which is difficult to form of the designed forge piece is ensured; on the basis, the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die are kept at the same position, so that the blank making piece manufactured by blank making die forging can be quickly, accurately and stably positioned in the preforging die, and the phenomena of inaccurate positioning such as deviation, rotation and the like of the preforging piece during forming and material swinging are avoided (the phenomena can cause the defects of insufficient local forming, folding, material gnawing and the like of the preforging piece, and are not beneficial to ensuring the forming quality);
3. according to the shunting cavity forming structure in the lower die cavity of the blank making die, a blank can be reliably guided to distribute the redundant metal materials to the part difficult to form of the designed forge piece in the forging and forming process, so that the forming requirement of the part difficult to form of the designed forge piece can be reliably met;
4. the shunting cavity forming structure in the lower die cavity of the blank making die/the preforging die is beneficial to easily and conveniently taking out a forged blank making piece/preforging piece; in addition, a material distributing boss formed on the blank making/pre-forging piece by the flow distributing cavity can form smooth natural transition with the structure between the design connecting skin of the blank making/pre-forging piece and the frame, and the folding defect caused by three-way confluence is avoided;
5. the shunting cavity structure which is arranged in the upper die cavity of the blank making die/the preforging die and corresponds to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity can play the same role as the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity, so that the shunting cavity in the corresponding lower die cavity is matched to form and design the part which is difficult to form of the forge piece with higher efficiency and higher quality;
6. the positioning boss structure arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank making die has the function of conveniently positioning the upset cake so as to avoid the problem of insufficient local forming caused by placing deflection, and is matched with the shunting cavity to shunt the metal material in forging, increase the resistance of the metal material to flow to an easily formed area and promote the metal material to flow to the shunting cavity; the matching relation between the inner diameter of a circle formed by the positioning bosses in the lower die cavity and the outer diameter of the bottom of the upsetting cake reserves enough allowance for the upsetting cake with low forming size and accuracy obtained by free forging in a blank die during forging, so that the problem that the upsetting cake cannot be placed and positioned when the diameter of the upsetting cake is too large is solved; in addition, the size requirement of the positioning boss is favorable for uniformly controlling the flash amount, so that the easily formed part and the difficultly formed part on the designed forge piece can reliably tend to be formed simultaneously, the inner side and outer side inclination matching relation of the positioning boss is favorable for positioning the upset cake, and the metal material can stably flow to the outer side shunting cavity after flowing through the boss during forging;
7. the frame expanding size proportion requirement of the invention can effectively control the fire number deformation, thereby effectively avoiding the defects of internal or surface cracking, uneven structure and performance and the like of the designed forge piece caused by the excessive fire number deformation and causing the excessive forming force to exceed the limit of equipment;
8. the design forging piece meets the requirements of the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the blank manufacturing process section/the pre-forging process section and the radius of the inner fillet, so that the connecting skin and the frame of the blank manufacturing process section/the pre-forging piece are in smooth transition during forging forming, and the defects of streamline turbulence (flow-through or vortex), folding and the like are not easy to occur; the required value of the pre-forging process section is smaller than that of the blank manufacturing process section, so that the material arrangement of the blank manufacturing in the pre-forging die and the forging forming of the pre-forging piece are facilitated, and the defects of gnawing, folding and the like are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a design forging to be formed by machining in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a region of an easy-to-form portion and a difficult-to-form portion of the design forging of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a structure of a blank mold used in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a structure in which the upset cake is placed in the blank-making mold shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a blocker used in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a structure in which a blank is placed in the preforging die shown in fig. 5.
FIG. 7 is a graph of equivalent strain distribution and forming of a blank during processing according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the equivalent strain distribution and forming of the pre-forged part during the machining process of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the material flow velocity and direction profile of the pre-forge of the present invention during processing.
FIG. 10 is a graph of the surface expansion coefficient (risk of folding) profile of the pre-forge of the present invention during processing.
Detailed Description
The invention belongs to die forging technology, in particular to a die forging processing method of a near-circular irregular variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type (namely a frame type structure) forging, and as shown in figure 1, the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forging (for convenience of description, hereinafter referred to as a 'design forging') is a near-circular frame type structure which is an important bearing component on an aircraft (airplane), such as a bulkhead, a wall plate and the like of a large rib plate.
The following describes the main technical content of the present invention in detail by using a plurality of embodiments, wherein embodiment 1 is combined with the drawings of the specification, that is, fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7, fig. 8, fig. 9 and fig. 10 to clearly and specifically describe the technical content of the present invention, and although the drawings are not separately drawn in other embodiments, the main structure of the embodiments can still refer to the drawings of embodiment 1.
It is expressly noted here that the drawings of the present invention are schematic and have been simplified in unnecessary detail for the purpose of clarity and to avoid obscuring the technical solutions that the present invention contributes to the prior art.
Example 1
The designed forge piece of the invention is of an irregular variable-section and variable-radius approximately-circular frame structure, so that an easy-forming part and a difficult-forming part are inevitably existed in the die forging process, and the difficult-forming part is the technical difficulty of the forge piece designing and processing.
The die forging processing method comprises the following technical measures:
determining that the frame expansion size ratio of the designed forge piece in the final forging process section, the pre-forging process section, the blank manufacturing process section and the blank process section is about 1: 0.97: 0.93: 0.55;
in the processing flow of the designed forge piece, a blank process section carries out upsetting on a bar material into a cake blank, namely an upset cake with a waist drum-shaped structure, in a free forging mode, a blank process section carries out forging on the upset cake into a blank, a pre-forging process section carries out forging on the blank into a pre-forged piece, a finish forging process section carries out forging on the pre-forged piece into a finish forged piece, and redundant parts on the finish forged piece are removed in a machining mode by a finished product process section to obtain a finished product; according to the processing flow, the outline dimensions of the pre-forged piece, the blank and the heading cake are preliminarily determined;
-the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the blank is designed to be about 50 °, and the fillet radius is designed to be about 100 mm; designing the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the pre-forging piece to be 45 degrees, and designing the radius of the inner fillet to be half of the blanking process section, namely about 50 mm;
partitioning the designed forge piece to determine an easy-forming part, a transition part and a difficult-forming part, specifically referring to fig. 2, according to the change of the cross-sectional structure of the designed forge piece along the circumference in the die forging process and the change of the distance between the approximately circular frame and the equal-radius upset cake, dividing the part with small change of the cross-sectional structure and short change of the distance into an easy-forming area (i.e. an area i part in the figure), dividing the part with large change of the cross-sectional structure and long change of the distance into a difficult-forming area (i.e. an area iii part in the figure), and dividing the part between the easy-forming area and the difficult-forming area into the transition area (i.e. an area ii part in the figure);
in the lower die cavity of the blank-making die and the lower die cavity of the preforging die, respectively, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided, in other words, in the lower die cavity of the blank-making die, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided, and in the lower die cavity of the preforging die, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided; the branch cavities in the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the branch cavities in the lower die cavity of the preforging die are kept at the same positions, namely, the branch cavities can be coincided in the projection of the upper direction and the lower direction (only the projection of the branch cavities on the blank making die and the preforging die is coincided, but not the projection of the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the lower die cavity of the preforging die is coincided), as shown in fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of die forging processing, a flow dividing cavity with an inward concave structure is also arranged in an upper die cavity of the blank making die, and the flow dividing cavity in the upper die cavity of the blank making die is opposite to the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction; similarly, a shunting cavity with a concave structure is also arranged in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die, and the shunting cavity in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die is opposite to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die in the vertical direction.
In the technical measures, the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is positioned at the edge of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the volume of the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is larger than the volume of the equal-radian hard-forming part on the pre-forged piece, which is more than the equal-radian easy-forming part, and the following relational expression is satisfied: vShunting cavity：(VHard-to-form region-VRegion of easy formation) 1.2; in the formula, VShunting cavityVolume of a distribution chamber in a lower die cavity of a blank-making die, VHard-to-form regionVolume of the hard-to-form part with equal radian on the preforging part, VRegion of easy formationThe volume of the easy-forming part with equal radian on the pre-forging piece is obtained. In addition, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the blank making piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 100 mm.
In the above technical measure, the volume of the split cavity in the lower cavity of the preforging die is reduced to a certain extent, for example, about 2/3 or the like of the depth of the split cavity on the blank making die, compared to the volume of the split cavity in the lower cavity of the blank making die, with the same outer peripheral profile.
In the technical measure, three sections of arc-shaped positioning bosses corresponding to the easily formed parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging process are arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank making die, the three sections of positioning bosses are positioned at the outer side of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, namely, at the outer side of the waist drum-shaped area of the upset cake, the inner diameter of a circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses is about 20mm larger than the outer diameter of the bottom of the upset cake, the upset cake is placed in the central area of the circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses, and the periphery of the upset cake placed in place and the circle formed by the positioning bosses are in a concentric ring shape. The height of each section of positioning boss in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is required to be about 20mm, the width of each section of positioning boss is required to be about 30mm, the inner side drawing inclination of each section of positioning boss is greater than the outer side inclination, and the outer side inclination of each section of positioning boss is not lower than the inclination between the design connecting skin and the frame of the blank making part at the corresponding position. The number of the positioning bosses is not specific, and the positioning bosses can be other numbers, such as four sections, five sections, six sections and the like, and the positioning bosses are positioned at easy forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, and the difficult forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, namely the forming positions of the diversion cavities, are staggered.
In the technical measures, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die is in a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the preforging piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 100 mm.
In the technical measures, the distributing cavity on the blank-making die is used for distributing the blank from the equal-section and equal-radius upset cake to the variable-section and variable-radius expanded frame-blank-making piece during the die forging processing. Similarly, the shunting cavity on the preforging die is used as the material distribution of the preforging piece when the blank made by the upsetting cake frame with equal section and equal radius is expanded to the more large-amplitude variable section and variable radius frame-preforging piece in the die forging process.
Based on the technical measures, the designed upsetting cake, blank manufacturing, pre-forging and finish forging are subjected to full-flow numerical simulation analysis from the design standards of accurate positioning, full forging forming, deformation and temperature field meeting process windows and forming force meeting equipment conditions; repeatedly simulating and optimizing, continuously simplifying the determined shapes of the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part, and determining the structural design and the pre-forging heat number of the upsetting cake, the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part; finally, forging of the upset cake is completed by using a free forging device, and forging of a blank making piece, a pre-forging piece and a final forging piece is completed by using a die forging press, which is shown in fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10.
Example 2
The designed forge piece of the invention is of an irregular variable-section and variable-radius approximately-circular frame structure, so that an easy-forming part and a difficult-forming part are inevitably existed in the die forging process, and the difficult-forming part is the technical difficulty of the forge piece designing and processing.
The die forging processing method comprises the following technical measures:
determining that the frame expansion size ratio of the designed forge piece in the final forging process section, the pre-forging process section, the blank manufacturing process section and the blank process section is about 1: 0.98: 0.94: 0.6;
in the processing flow of the designed forge piece, a blank process section carries out upsetting on a bar material into a cake blank, namely an upset cake with a waist drum-shaped structure, in a free forging mode, a blank process section carries out forging on the upset cake into a blank, a pre-forging process section carries out forging on the blank into a pre-forged piece, a finish forging process section carries out forging on the pre-forged piece into a finish forged piece, and redundant parts on the finish forged piece are removed in a machining mode by a finished product process section to obtain a finished product; according to the processing flow, the outline dimensions of the pre-forged piece, the blank and the heading cake are preliminarily determined;
-the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the blank is designed to be about 55 °, and the fillet radius is designed to be about 104 mm; designing the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the pre-forging piece to be 45 degrees, and designing the radius of the inner fillet to be half of the blanking process section, namely about 52 mm;
partitioning the designed forge piece to determine an easy-forming part, a transition part and a difficult-forming part, dividing the part with small change of the cross-sectional structure and short change of the distance into the easy-forming area, the part with large change of the cross-sectional structure and long change of the distance into the difficult-forming area and dividing the part between the easy-forming area and the difficult-forming area into the transition area according to the change of the cross-sectional structure of the designed forge piece along the circumference in the die forging process and the change of the distance between the nearly circular frame and the equal-radius upset cake;
in the lower die cavity of the blank-making die and the lower die cavity of the preforging die, respectively, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided, in other words, in the lower die cavity of the blank-making die, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided, and in the lower die cavity of the preforging die, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided; the shunting cavities in the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the shunting cavities in the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die are kept at the same positions, namely the shunting cavities can be superposed in the projection of the upper direction and the lower direction (only the projection of the shunting cavities on the blank making die and the pre-forging die are superposed, but not the projection of the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die). In order to improve the efficiency and quality of die forging processing, a flow dividing cavity with an inward concave structure is also arranged in an upper die cavity of the blank making die, and the flow dividing cavity in the upper die cavity of the blank making die is opposite to the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction; similarly, a shunting cavity with a concave structure is also arranged in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die, and the shunting cavity in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die is opposite to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die in the vertical direction.
In the technical measures, the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is positioned at the edge of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the volume of the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is larger than the volume of the equal-radian hard-forming part on the pre-forged piece, which is more than the equal-radian easy-forming part, and the following relational expression is satisfied: vShunting cavity：(VHard-to-form region-VRegion of easy formation) 1.3; in the formula, VShunting cavityVolume of a distribution chamber in a lower die cavity of a blank-making die, VHard-to-form regionFor pre-forgingVolume of the hard-to-shape part with equal radian, VRegion of easy formationThe volume of the easy-forming part with equal radian on the pre-forging piece is obtained. In addition, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the blank making piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 105 mm.
In the above technical measure, the volume of the split cavity in the lower cavity of the preforging die is reduced to a certain extent, for example, about 1/2 or the like of the depth of the split cavity on the blank making die, compared to the volume of the split cavity in the lower cavity of the blank making die, with the same outer peripheral profile.
In the technical measure, three sections of arc-shaped positioning bosses corresponding to the easily formed parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging process are arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank making die, the three sections of positioning bosses are positioned at the outer side of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, namely, at the outer side of the waist drum-shaped area of the upset cake, the inner diameter of a circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses is about 25mm larger than the outer diameter of the bottom of the upset cake, the upset cake is placed in the central area of the circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses, and the periphery of the upset cake placed in place and the circle formed by the positioning bosses are in a concentric ring shape. The height of each section of positioning boss in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is required to be about 25mm, the width of each section of positioning boss is required to be about 32mm, the inner side drawing inclination of each section of positioning boss is greater than the outer side inclination, and the outer side inclination of each section of positioning boss is not lower than the inclination between the design connecting skin and the frame of the blank making part at the corresponding position. The number of the positioning bosses is not specific, and the positioning bosses can be other numbers, such as four sections, five sections, six sections and the like, and the positioning bosses are positioned at easy forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, and the difficult forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, namely the forming positions of the diversion cavities, are staggered.
In the technical measures, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die is in a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the preforging piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 105 mm.
In the technical measures, the distributing cavity on the blank-making die is used for distributing the blank from the equal-section and equal-radius upset cake to the variable-section and variable-radius expanded frame-blank-making piece during the die forging processing. Similarly, the shunting cavity on the preforging die is used as the material distribution of the preforging piece when the blank made by the upsetting cake frame with equal section and equal radius is expanded to the more large-amplitude variable section and variable radius frame-preforging piece in the die forging process.
Based on the technical measures, the designed upsetting cake, blank manufacturing, pre-forging and finish forging are subjected to full-flow numerical simulation analysis from the design standards of accurate positioning, full forging forming, deformation and temperature field meeting process windows and forming force meeting equipment conditions; repeatedly simulating and optimizing, continuously simplifying the determined shapes of the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part, and determining the structural design and the pre-forging heat number of the upsetting cake, the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part; and finally, forging the upset cake by using free forging equipment, and forging the blank, the pre-forged piece and the final forged piece by using a die forging press.
Example 3
The designed forge piece of the invention is of an irregular variable-section and variable-radius approximately-circular frame structure, so that an easy-forming part and a difficult-forming part are inevitably existed in the die forging process, and the difficult-forming part is the technical difficulty of the forge piece designing and processing.
The die forging processing method comprises the following technical measures:
determining that the frame expansion size ratio of the designed forge piece in the final forging process section, the pre-forging process section, the blank manufacturing process section and the blank process section is about 1: 0.96: 0.92: 0.52;
in the processing flow of the designed forge piece, a blank process section carries out upsetting on a bar material into a cake blank, namely an upset cake with a waist drum-shaped structure, in a free forging mode, a blank process section carries out forging on the upset cake into a blank, a pre-forging process section carries out forging on the blank into a pre-forged piece, a finish forging process section carries out forging on the pre-forged piece into a finish forged piece, and redundant parts on the finish forged piece are removed in a machining mode by a finished product process section to obtain a finished product; according to the processing flow, the outline dimensions of the pre-forged piece, the blank and the heading cake are preliminarily determined;
-the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the blank is designed to be about 45 °, and the fillet radius is designed to be about 100 mm; designing the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the pre-forging piece to be 45 degrees, and designing the radius of the inner fillet to be half of the blanking process section, namely about 50 mm;
partitioning the designed forge piece to determine an easy-forming part, a transition part and a difficult-forming part, dividing the part with small change of the cross-sectional structure and short change of the distance into the easy-forming area, the part with large change of the cross-sectional structure and long change of the distance into the difficult-forming area and dividing the part between the easy-forming area and the difficult-forming area into the transition area according to the change of the cross-sectional structure of the designed forge piece along the circumference in the die forging process and the change of the distance between the nearly circular frame and the equal-radius upset cake;
in the lower die cavity of the blank-making die and the lower die cavity of the preforging die, respectively, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided, in other words, in the lower die cavity of the blank-making die, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided, and in the lower die cavity of the preforging die, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided; the shunting cavities in the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the shunting cavities in the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die are kept at the same positions, namely the shunting cavities can be superposed in the projection of the upper direction and the lower direction (only the projection of the shunting cavities on the blank making die and the pre-forging die are superposed, but not the projection of the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die). In order to improve the efficiency and quality of die forging processing, a flow dividing cavity with an inward concave structure is also arranged in an upper die cavity of the blank making die, and the flow dividing cavity in the upper die cavity of the blank making die is opposite to the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction; similarly, a shunting cavity with a concave structure is also arranged in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die, and the shunting cavity in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die is opposite to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die in the vertical direction.
In the technical measures, the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is positioned at the edge of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the volume of the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is larger than the volume of the equal-radian hard-forming part on the pre-forged piece, which is more than the equal-radian easy-forming part, and the following relational expression is satisfied: vShunting cavity：(VHard-to-form region-VRegion of easy formation) 1.1 as the ratio; in the formula, VShunting cavityVolume of a distribution chamber in a lower die cavity of a blank-making die, VHard-to-form regionVolume of the hard-to-form part with equal radian on the preforging part, VRegion of easy formationThe volume of the easy-forming part with equal radian on the pre-forging piece is obtained. In addition, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the blank making piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 100 mm.
In the above technical measure, the volume of the split cavity in the lower cavity of the preforging die is reduced to a certain extent, for example, about 4/5 or the like of the depth of the split cavity on the blank making die, compared to the volume of the split cavity in the lower cavity of the blank making die, with the same outer peripheral profile.
In the technical measure, three sections of arc-shaped positioning bosses corresponding to the easily formed parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging process are arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank making die, the three sections of positioning bosses are positioned at the outer side of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, namely, at the outer side of the waist drum-shaped area of the upset cake, the inner diameter of a circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses is about 10mm larger than the outer diameter of the bottom of the upset cake, the upset cake is placed in the central area of the circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses, and the periphery of the upset cake placed in place and the circle formed by the positioning bosses are in a concentric ring shape. The height of each section of positioning boss in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is required to be about 21mm, the width of each section of positioning boss is required to be about 30mm, the inner side drawing inclination of each section of positioning boss is greater than the outer side inclination, and the outer side inclination of each section of positioning boss is not lower than the inclination between the design connecting skin and the frame of the blank making part at the corresponding position. The number of the positioning bosses is not specific, and the positioning bosses can be other numbers, such as four sections, five sections, six sections and the like, and the positioning bosses are positioned at easy forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, and the difficult forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, namely the forming positions of the diversion cavities, are staggered.
In the technical measures, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die is in a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the preforging piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 100 mm.
In the technical measures, the distributing cavity on the blank-making die is used for distributing the blank from the equal-section and equal-radius upset cake to the variable-section and variable-radius expanded frame-blank-making piece during the die forging processing. Similarly, the shunting cavity on the preforging die is used as the material distribution of the preforging piece when the blank made by the upsetting cake frame with equal section and equal radius is expanded to the more large-amplitude variable section and variable radius frame-preforging piece in the die forging process.
Based on the technical measures, the designed upsetting cake, blank manufacturing, pre-forging and finish forging are subjected to full-flow numerical simulation analysis from the design standards of accurate positioning, full forging forming, deformation and temperature field meeting process windows and forming force meeting equipment conditions; repeatedly simulating and optimizing, continuously simplifying the determined shapes of the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part, and determining the structural design and the pre-forging heat number of the upsetting cake, the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part; and finally, forging the upset cake by using free forging equipment, and forging the blank, the pre-forged piece and the final forged piece by using a die forging press.
Example 4
The designed forge piece of the invention is of an irregular variable-section and variable-radius approximately-circular frame structure, so that an easy-forming part and a difficult-forming part are inevitably existed in the die forging process, and the difficult-forming part is the technical difficulty of the forge piece designing and processing.
The die forging processing method comprises the following technical measures:
determining that the frame expansion size ratio of the designed forge piece in the final forging process section, the pre-forging process section, the blank manufacturing process section and the blank process section is about 1: 0.98: 0.9: 0.57;
in the processing flow of the designed forge piece, a blank process section carries out upsetting on a bar material into a cake blank, namely an upset cake with a waist drum-shaped structure, in a free forging mode, a blank process section carries out forging on the upset cake into a blank, a pre-forging process section carries out forging on the blank into a pre-forged piece, a finish forging process section carries out forging on the pre-forged piece into a finish forged piece, and redundant parts on the finish forged piece are removed in a machining mode by a finished product process section to obtain a finished product; according to the processing flow, the outline dimensions of the pre-forged piece, the blank and the heading cake are preliminarily determined;
-the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the blank is designed to be about 60 °, the fillet radius is designed to be about 100 mm; designing the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the pre-forging piece to be 45 degrees, and designing the radius of the inner fillet to be half of the blanking process section, namely about 50 mm;
partitioning the designed forge piece to determine an easy-forming part, a transition part and a difficult-forming part, dividing the part with small change of the cross-sectional structure and short change of the distance into the easy-forming area, the part with large change of the cross-sectional structure and long change of the distance into the difficult-forming area and dividing the part between the easy-forming area and the difficult-forming area into the transition area according to the change of the cross-sectional structure of the designed forge piece along the circumference in the die forging process and the change of the distance between the nearly circular frame and the equal-radius upset cake;
the concave structure diversion cavity corresponding to the hard forming part of the designed forge piece existing in the die forging processing process is arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank die, in other words, the concave structure diversion cavity corresponding to the hard forming part of the designed forge piece existing in the die forging processing process is arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank die. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of die forging processing, a flow dividing cavity with an inward concave structure is also arranged in an upper die cavity of the blank making die, and the flow dividing cavity in the upper die cavity of the blank making die is opposite to the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction.
In the technical measures, the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is positioned at the edge of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the volume of the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is larger than the volume of the equal-radian hard-forming part on the pre-forged piece, which is more than the equal-radian easy-forming part, and the following relational expression is satisfied: vShunting cavity：(VHard-to-form region-VRegion of easy formation) 1.2; in the formula, VShunting cavityVolume of a distribution chamber in a lower die cavity of a blank-making die, VHard-to-form regionVolume of the hard-to-form part with equal radian on the preforging part, VRegion of easy formationThe volume of the easy-forming part with equal radian on the pre-forging piece is obtained. In addition, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the blank making piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 100 mm.
In the technical measure, three sections of arc-shaped positioning bosses corresponding to the easily formed parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging process are arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank making die, the three sections of positioning bosses are positioned at the outer side of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, namely, at the outer side of the waist drum-shaped area of the upset cake, the inner diameter of a circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses is about 15mm larger than the outer diameter of the bottom of the upset cake, the upset cake is placed in the central area of the circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses, and the periphery of the upset cake placed in place and the circle formed by the positioning bosses are in a concentric ring shape. The height of each section of positioning boss in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is required to be about 22mm, the width of each section of positioning boss is required to be about 31mm, the inner side drawing slope of each section of positioning boss is greater than the outer side slope, and the outer side slope of each section of positioning boss is not lower than the slope between the design connecting skin and the frame of the blank making part at the corresponding position. The number of the positioning bosses is not specific, and the positioning bosses can be other numbers, such as four sections, five sections, six sections and the like, and the positioning bosses are positioned at easy forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, and the difficult forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, namely the forming positions of the diversion cavities, are staggered.
In the technical measures, the distributing cavity on the blank-making die is used for distributing the blank from the equal-section and equal-radius upset cake to the variable-section and variable-radius expanded frame-blank-making piece during the die forging processing.
Based on the technical measures, the designed upsetting cake, blank manufacturing, pre-forging and finish forging are subjected to full-flow numerical simulation analysis from the design standards of accurate positioning, full forging forming, deformation and temperature field meeting process windows and forming force meeting equipment conditions; repeatedly simulating and optimizing, continuously simplifying the determined shapes of the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part, and determining the structural design and the pre-forging heat number of the upsetting cake, the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part; and finally, forging the upset cake by using free forging equipment, and forging the blank, the pre-forged piece and the final forged piece by using a die forging press.
Example 5
The designed forge piece of the invention is of an irregular variable-section and variable-radius approximately-circular frame structure, so that an easy-forming part and a difficult-forming part are inevitably existed in the die forging process, and the difficult-forming part is the technical difficulty of the forge piece designing and processing.
The die forging processing method comprises the following technical measures:
determining that the frame expansion size ratio of the designed forge piece in the final forging process section, the pre-forging process section, the blank manufacturing process section and the blank process section is about 1: 1: 0.93: 0.5;
in the processing flow of the designed forge piece, a blank process section carries out upsetting on a bar material into a cake blank, namely an upset cake with a waist drum-shaped structure, in a free forging mode, a blank process section carries out forging on the upset cake into a blank, a pre-forging process section carries out forging on the blank into a pre-forged piece, a finish forging process section carries out forging on the pre-forged piece into a finish forged piece, and redundant parts on the finish forged piece are removed in a machining mode by a finished product process section to obtain a finished product; according to the processing flow, the outline dimensions of the pre-forged piece, the blank and the heading cake are preliminarily determined;
-the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the blank is designed to be about 52 °, the fillet radius is designed to be about 100 mm; designing the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the pre-forging piece to be 45 degrees, and designing the radius of the inner fillet to be half of the blanking process section, namely about 50 mm;
partitioning the designed forge piece to determine an easy-forming part, a transition part and a difficult-forming part, dividing the part with small change of the cross-sectional structure and short change of the distance into the easy-forming area, the part with large change of the cross-sectional structure and long change of the distance into the difficult-forming area and dividing the part between the easy-forming area and the difficult-forming area into the transition area according to the change of the cross-sectional structure of the designed forge piece along the circumference in the die forging process and the change of the distance between the nearly circular frame and the equal-radius upset cake;
the concave structure diversion cavity corresponding to the hard forming part of the design forging existing during the die forging processing is arranged in the lower die cavity of the preforging die, in other words, the concave structure diversion cavity corresponding to the hard forming part of the design forging existing during the die forging processing is arranged in the lower die cavity of the preforging die. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of die forging, a shunting cavity with a concave structure is also arranged in an upper die cavity of the pre-forging die, and the shunting cavity in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die is opposite to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction.
In the technical measures, the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die is positioned at the edge close to the preforging piece placed in the lower die cavity, and the volume of the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die is about the volume of the equal-radian hard-forming part on the preforging piece which is more than the equal-radian easy-forming part. In addition, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the preforging piece and the frame are in rounded transition with a radius of about 100 mm.
In the technical measures, the shunting cavity on the preforging die is used as a material distribution when the preforging piece is formed towards a variable cross section and variable radius frame expanding-preforging piece with a larger amplitude in the die forging process.
Based on the technical measures, the designed upsetting cake, blank manufacturing, pre-forging and finish forging are subjected to full-flow numerical simulation analysis from the design standards of accurate positioning, full forging forming, deformation and temperature field meeting process windows and forming force meeting equipment conditions; repeatedly simulating and optimizing, continuously simplifying the determined shapes of the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part, and determining the structural design and the pre-forging heat number of the upsetting cake, the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part; and finally, forging the upset cake by using free forging equipment, and forging the blank, the pre-forged piece and the final forged piece by using a die forging press.
Example 6
The designed forge piece of the invention is of an irregular variable-section and variable-radius approximately-circular frame structure, so that an easy-forming part and a difficult-forming part are inevitably existed in the die forging process, and the difficult-forming part is the technical difficulty of the forge piece designing and processing.
The die forging processing method comprises the following technical measures:
determining that the frame expansion size ratio of the designed forge piece in the final forging process section, the pre-forging process section, the blank manufacturing process section and the blank process section is about 1: 0.95: 0.9: 0.54;
in the processing flow of the designed forge piece, a blank process section carries out upsetting on a bar material into a cake blank, namely an upset cake with a waist drum-shaped structure, in a free forging mode, a blank process section carries out forging on the upset cake into a blank, a pre-forging process section carries out forging on the blank into a pre-forged piece, a finish forging process section carries out forging on the pre-forged piece into a finish forged piece, and redundant parts on the finish forged piece are removed in a machining mode by a finished product process section to obtain a finished product; according to the processing flow, the outline dimensions of the pre-forged piece, the blank and the heading cake are preliminarily determined;
-the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the blank is designed to be about 48 °, and the fillet radius is designed to be about 100 mm; designing the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the pre-forging piece to be 45 degrees, and designing the radius of the inner fillet to be half of the blanking process section, namely about 50 mm;
partitioning the designed forge piece to determine an easy-forming part, a transition part and a difficult-forming part, dividing the part with small change of the cross-sectional structure and short change of the distance into the easy-forming area, the part with large change of the cross-sectional structure and long change of the distance into the difficult-forming area and dividing the part between the easy-forming area and the difficult-forming area into the transition area according to the change of the cross-sectional structure of the designed forge piece along the circumference in the die forging process and the change of the distance between the nearly circular frame and the equal-radius upset cake;
in the lower die cavity of the blank-making die and the lower die cavity of the preforging die, respectively, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided, in other words, in the lower die cavity of the blank-making die, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided, and in the lower die cavity of the preforging die, a concave-structured distribution cavity corresponding to the hard-to-form portion of the design forging present during the swaging process is provided; the shunting cavities in the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the shunting cavities in the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die are kept at the same positions, namely the shunting cavities can be superposed in the projection of the upper direction and the lower direction (only the projection of the shunting cavities on the blank making die and the pre-forging die are superposed, but not the projection of the lower die cavity of the blank making die and the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die). In order to improve the efficiency and quality of die forging processing, a flow dividing cavity with an inward concave structure is also arranged in an upper die cavity of the blank making die, and the flow dividing cavity in the upper die cavity of the blank making die is opposite to the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction; similarly, a shunting cavity with a concave structure is also arranged in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die, and the shunting cavity in the upper die cavity of the pre-forging die is opposite to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity of the pre-forging die in the vertical direction.
In the technical measures, the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is positioned at the edge of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the volume of the shunt cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is larger than the volume of the equal-radian hard-forming part on the pre-forged piece, which is more than the equal-radian easy-forming part, and the following relational expression is satisfied: vShunting cavity：(VHard-to-form region-VRegion of easy formation) 1.3; in the formula, VShunting cavityVolume of a distribution chamber in a lower die cavity of a blank-making die, VHard-to-form regionVolume of the hard-to-form part with equal radian on the preforging part, VRegion of easy formationThe volume of the easy-forming part with equal radian on the pre-forging piece is obtained. In addition, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the blank making piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 100 mm.
In the above technical measure, the volume of the split cavity in the lower cavity of the preforging die is reduced to a certain extent, for example, about 2/3 or the like of the depth of the split cavity on the blank making die, compared to the volume of the split cavity in the lower cavity of the blank making die, with the same outer peripheral profile.
In the technical measure, three sections of arc-shaped positioning bosses corresponding to the easily formed parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging process are arranged in the lower die cavity of the blank making die, the three sections of positioning bosses are positioned at the outer side of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, namely, at the outer side of the waist drum-shaped area of the upset cake, the inner diameter of a circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses is about 18mm larger than the outer diameter of the bottom of the upset cake, the upset cake is placed in the central area of the circle formed by the three sections of positioning bosses, and the periphery of the upset cake placed in place and the circle formed by the positioning bosses are in a concentric ring shape. The height of each section of positioning boss in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is required to be about 20mm, the width of each section of positioning boss is required to be about 30mm, the inner side drawing inclination of each section of positioning boss is greater than the outer side inclination, and the outer side inclination of each section of positioning boss is not lower than the inclination between the design connecting skin and the frame of the blank making part at the corresponding position. The number of the positioning bosses is not specific, and the positioning bosses can be other numbers, such as four sections, five sections, six sections and the like, and the positioning bosses are positioned at easy forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, and the difficult forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging machining process, namely the forming positions of the diversion cavities, are staggered.
In the technical measures, the flow dividing cavity in the lower die cavity of the preforging die is in a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and the design connecting skin of the preforging piece and the frame are in transition by a round angle with a radius of about 100 mm.
In the technical measures, the distributing cavity on the blank-making die is used for distributing the blank from the equal-section and equal-radius upset cake to the variable-section and variable-radius expanded frame-blank-making piece during the die forging processing. Similarly, the shunting cavity on the preforging die is used as the material distribution of the preforging piece when the blank made by the upsetting cake frame with equal section and equal radius is expanded to the more large-amplitude variable section and variable radius frame-preforging piece in the die forging process.
Based on the technical measures, the designed upsetting cake, blank manufacturing, pre-forging and finish forging are subjected to full-flow numerical simulation analysis from the design standards of accurate positioning, full forging forming, deformation and temperature field meeting process windows and forming force meeting equipment conditions; repeatedly simulating and optimizing, continuously simplifying the determined shapes of the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part, and determining the structural design and the pre-forging heat number of the upsetting cake, the blank manufacturing part, the pre-forging part and the final forging part; and finally, forging the upset cake by using free forging equipment, and forging the blank, the pre-forged piece and the final forged piece by using a die forging press.
The above examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the specific technical solutions in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its essence.

Claims (10)

1. The die forging processing method of the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece is characterized in that a concave structure shunting cavity corresponding to a part difficult to form of a designed forge piece in the die forging processing process is arranged in a lower die cavity of a blank making die and/or a pre-forging die, and the shunting cavity on the blank making die and/or the pre-forging die is used as the shunting material when a corresponding blank making piece and/or the pre-forging piece is formed by expanding a frame with equal cross section, equal radius and variable radius in the die forging processing process.
2. The die forging processing method for the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forging piece according to claim 1, wherein a shunting cavity in a lower die cavity of the blank making die and a shunting cavity in a lower die cavity of the preforging die are kept at the same position.
3. The die forging processing method for the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forging piece according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a flow distribution cavity in a lower die cavity of the blank making die is positioned at the edge of the upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the volume of the flow distribution cavity in the lower die cavity of the blank making die is larger than the volume of an equal-radian difficultly-formed part on the pre-forging piece which is more than an equal-radian easily-formed part, and the following relational expression is satisfied:
Vshunting cavity：(VHard-to-form region-VRegion of easy formation)＝1.1～1.3；
In the formula, VShunting cavityThe volume of a flow distribution cavity in a lower die cavity of the blank making die;
Vhard-to-form regionThe volume of the part which is difficult to form with equal radian on the pre-forging piece;
Vregion of easy formationThe volume of the easy-forming part with equal radian on the pre-forging piece is obtained.
4. The die forging processing method for the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forging piece according to claim 1, wherein a flow distribution cavity in a lower die cavity of the blank making die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow distribution cavity and a design connecting skin of the blank making piece are in transition with a fillet with a radius of not less than 100mm with the frame; and/or a flow dividing cavity in a lower die cavity of the preforging die is of a cone structure with a rounded bottom, and the flow dividing cavity and a design connecting skin of the preforging piece are in transition with a frame by a fillet with the radius of not less than 100 mm.
5. The die forging processing method for the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forging piece according to claim 1, wherein a concave structure shunting cavity corresponding to a shunting cavity in a lower die cavity in the vertical direction is arranged in an upper die cavity of the blank making die; and/or a concave structure shunting cavity corresponding to the shunting cavity in the lower die cavity in the vertical direction is arranged in the upper die cavity of the preforging die.
6. The die forging processing method for the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of sections of arc-shaped positioning bosses corresponding to easy forming parts of the designed forge piece in the die forging processing process are arranged in a lower die cavity of the blank making die, the positioning bosses are positioned at the outer side of an upset cake placed in the lower die cavity, the inner diameter of a circle formed by the positioning bosses is 10-30 mm larger than the outer diameter of the bottom of the upset cake, and the upset cake is placed in the central area of the circle formed by the positioning bosses.
7. The die forging processing method for the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forging piece according to claim 6, wherein the height of a positioning boss in a lower die cavity of the blank making die is not lower than 20mm, the width of the positioning boss is not lower than 30mm, the inner drawing slope of the positioning boss is larger than the outer slope, and the outer slope of the positioning boss is not lower than the slope between the design connecting skin and the frame of the blank making piece at the corresponding position.
8. The die forging processing method of the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the part of the design forging piece which is difficult to form in the die forging processing process is divided into an easy-forming area at a part with small change of the cross-section structure and short change of the distance according to the change of the cross-section structure of the design forging piece along the circumference and the change of the distance between the near circular frame and the equal-radius upset cake, a part with large change of the cross-section and long change of the distance is divided into a difficult-forming area, and a part between the easy-forming area and the difficult-forming area is divided into a transition area.
9. The die forging processing method for the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forge piece according to claim 1, wherein the design forge piece is a bearing component on an aircraft, and the frame expansion size ratio of the design forge piece in the finish forging process section, the pre-forging process section, the blanking process section and the blank process section is 1: 0.95-1: 0.9-0.95: 0.5 to 0.6.
10. The die forging processing method for the variable cross-section titanium alloy frame type forging piece according to claim 9, wherein the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the design forging piece in the blank making process section is 45-60 degrees, and the radius of the fillet is not less than 100mm, and the inclination between the connecting skin and the frame of the design forging piece in the pre-forging process section is 45 degrees, and the radius of the fillet is half of that of the blank making process section.
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CN116174627A (en) * 2023-03-03 2023-05-30 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for preparing disc cake-shaped forging stock with U-shaped notch by semi-closed die forging

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