CN111656122A - Device for storing thermal energy - Google Patents
Device for storing thermal energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111656122A CN111656122A CN201880074229.6A CN201880074229A CN111656122A CN 111656122 A CN111656122 A CN 111656122A CN 201880074229 A CN201880074229 A CN 201880074229A CN 111656122 A CN111656122 A CN 111656122A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat storage
- mesh
- fus
- storage system
- fluid impermeable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0086—Partitions
- F28D2020/0091—Partitions flexible
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for storing thermal energy, comprising a three-dimensionally designed heat reservoir. The heat reservoir contains solid natural material for storing heat. The heat storage material is surrounded by a fluid-impermeable flexible layer, so that the heat storage material is insulated at least in a pressure-tight manner with respect to the environment of the heat reservoir. A flexible cover layer is provided that is coupled to the fluid impermeable flexible layer such that the flexible cover layer exerts a surface force on the fluid impermeable flexible layer. As a result, the fluid-impermeable flexible layer is pressed superficially onto the heat storage material. The flexible cover layer is (i) in the form of a mesh or (ii) constructed in the form of metal sheet plates that are superimposed on one another in a scaly manner.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a device for storing thermal energy.
Background
When the energy supply grid involves a high proportion of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, tidal, etc.), the intermediate storage of renewable energy sources is increasingly appreciated with the aim of achieving a suitable relationship between the availability of renewable energy sources and the requirements of grid stability and consumer behaviour.
It is known that after electric energy has been generated, it can be converted into thermal energy (heat) and placed in an intermediate storage for a limited period of time in a heat storage system.
There are known heat storage systems in which a solid material is used as the storage material, an example being rock or ceramic or pebbles. A heated fluid, for example electrically heated air, is used as heat transfer medium and is conveyed to the heat storage system. The solid storage material of the thermal storage system is heated and used for temporary energy storage.
Accordingly, in order to extract energy from the heat storage system, a (cold) fluid, such as air, is injected into the heat storage system and heated therein, which is then introduced into the converter system. The converter system converts thermal energy extracted from the thermal storage system by the fluid (air) into electrical energy.
The extracted thermal energy is converted into electrical energy, for example by means of heated air, through a steam circuit and using a steam turbine.
A competitive, efficient energy storage system must ensure high steam parameters (temperature T, power output P). This can only be achieved if thermal energy is stored at high temperatures. As a result, the materials used for storage have been exposed to large, and sometimes rapid, temperature fluctuations, and therefore must withstand the stresses (e.g., thermal and mechanical stresses) that are generated.
It is known that materials for storage may be isolated/sealed from the environment of the thermal storage system by a flexible fluid impermeable layer. For example, an airtight membrane is used for this purpose, which is arranged in such a way that the pressure/temperature within the heat storage system is maintained.
Due to the close contact with the material used for storage, the flexible fluid impermeable layer is exposed to equally large and sometimes rapid temperature fluctuations and must therefore be able to withstand the stresses generated as well.
At the same time, the flexible fluid impermeable layer has to ensure that the total volume used in the operation mode of the heat storage system is maintained in order to avoid undesired effects within the heat storage system (e.g. uneven temperature distribution within the volume of the storage system, or the formation of undesired channels in the interior of the heat storage system or its material).
Due to the desired function of the fluid impermeable layer, and in view of its flexibility, it is necessary to ensure that the fluid impermeable layer remains impermeable during operation and thus when exposed to high pressure/high temperature.
As mentioned above, it must also be ensured that the fluid impermeable layer remains in close contact with the material used for storage.
Fig. 7 shows a cross section of a heat storage system WSP as constructed in the prior art. The heat storage system WSP comprises a solid natural material MAT for storing heat. The heat storage material MAT is surrounded by a flexible fluid impermeable layer FUS, a membrane in a manner that provides at least a pressure-tight isolation of the heat storage material MAT from the environment of the heat storage system and/or from the surrounding environment of the heat storage system.
Within the heat storage system WSP, in the lower region and in the central region, the heat storage material MAT is supported by a base structure BST of defined shape, which may comprise vermiculite or lightweight concrete (Ytong), for example. The shape-defining base structure BST essentially defines the shape and volume of the heat storage material MAT and thus concomitantly determines the heat absorption, the heat output and the temperature distribution inside the heat storage system WSP.
In the upper region within the heat storage system WSP, the heat storage material MAT is surrounded by an insulation DMG arranged between the heat storage material MAT and the flexible fluid impermeable layer FUS. The thermal insulation DMG firstly provides an intimate contact between the layer FUS and the heat storage material MAT and secondly ensures that the heat storage material MAT does not damage the layer FUS.
Document WO 2017/055475 a1 discloses a plurality of outer layers, among which an impermeable outer film, which may have the ability to compensate for dimensional changes due to the sedimentation of hot material.
Furthermore, document DE 2721173 a1 discloses a subterranean reservoir in which a membrane is provided. However, the membrane seems to have been fixedly attached to the inside of the provided insulating layer without providing a compensating movement.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat storage system optimized with respect to a fluid impermeable layer.
This object of the invention is achieved by the features of claim 1.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are provided in the dependent claims.
An apparatus for storing thermal energy is claimed. The device comprises a heat storage system which is constructed in three dimensions and comprises a solid natural material for storing heat. The heat storage material is surrounded by a flexible fluid impermeable layer in a manner that provides at least pressure-tight isolation of the heat storage material from the environment of the heat storage system and/or from the surrounding environment of the heat storage system.
The present invention provides a flexible outer layer that exerts a surface force (area force) on a flexible, fluid impermeable layer. Thus, the flexible fluid impermeable layer is preferably pressed superficially onto the heat storage material in such a way that it conforms to the heat storage material.
The flexible outer layer is either in the form of a mesh or is constructed as a sheet of metal sheet material that overlaps each other in a scaly fashion.
Solid natural materials for storing heat are also referred to as heat storage materials.
By means of the invention, the flexible fluid impermeable layer is advantageously always optimized to be in close contact with the material used for storing heat, despite the high steam parameters (temperature T, power output P) required.
The volume of the heat storage material and the total volume of the heat storage system are maintained, respectively, even when large and sometimes rapid temperature fluctuations occur. Undesired effects in the heat storage system (e.g. uneven temperature distribution within the volume of the storage system or the formation of undesired channels in the interior of the heat storage system or its materials) are thus avoided.
A fluid (e.g., air) is used to transfer thermal energy to the heat storage material and to extract thermal energy from the heat storage material. The heat storage system has at least one inlet and at least one outlet through which a fluid is delivered for energy storage and energy extraction. For energy storage, a fluid heated to a temperature higher than the temperature of the heat storage material is conveyed through the inlet into the heat storage system, where heat energy is transferred from the fluid to the heat storage material. The cooler fluid is conveyed out of the heat storage system through an outlet. For energy extraction, correspondingly, a colder fluid than the temperature of the heat storage material is conveyed through the inlet into the heat storage system, in which heat energy is transferred from the heat storage material to the fluid, and the now hotter fluid is conveyed out of the heat storage system through the outlet.
During energy storage, a fluid richer in energy than the thermal storage system is conveyed into the thermal storage system through the at least one inlet aperture and is directed therein in such a way that the fluid heats the thermal storage material. Thus, the thermal energy introduced by the fluid is stored by means of the heat storage material.
Thus, after the storage process, the less energy-rich (i.e. cooler) fluid is transferred out of the heat storage system through the at least one outlet opening.
During energy extraction, a fluid which is cooler (i.e. less energy) than the heat storage material is conveyed into the heat storage system through the at least one inlet aperture and is guided therein in such a way that the heat storage material heats the fluid. Thus, the heat storage material introduces thermal energy into the fluid. Thus, after energy extraction, the more energy rich fluid is transported out of the heat storage system through the at least one outlet opening.
Drawings
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.
Figure 1 shows the principle of the cross section of the heat storage system of the invention,
referring to fig. 1, fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention,
referring to fig. 1, fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention,
referring to fig. 3, fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention,
referring to fig. 1, fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
referring to fig. 3, fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention, an
Fig. 7 shows a cross section of a heat storage system as constructed in the prior art, described in the introduction.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows the principle of a cross section of a first embodiment of a heat storage system WSP1 of the invention. Here, and in the following figures, the shape-defining base structure BST and the spacer DMG shown in fig. 6 are not described in detail, but these may already be provided or may be arranged at suitable positions.
The heat storage system WSP1 includes a solid natural material MAT for storing heat. The heat storage material MAT is surrounded by a flexible fluid impermeable layer FUS (in this case, for example, a membrane) in a manner that provides at least pressure-tight isolation of the heat storage material MAT from the environment of the heat storage system WSP 1.
During operation, for example, a pressure of 200 millibars (mbar) is generated inside the thermal storage system WSP 1; this is finally achieved by the resulting force F being distributed uniformly over the surfacepActing on the membrane FUS.
The present invention provides a flexible outer layer FDS1 that takes the form of a mesh and that applies a surface force F to the film FUSNet-like article. Here, the mesh is indicated by a dotted line above the membrane FUS. The film FUS is pressed superficially onto the heat storage material MAT by means of the mesh and preferably conforms thereto.
The surface force F is generated, for example, by applying a layer made of sand to the meshNet-like articleSo that the surface force F is generated by the inherent weight of the sand (sand)Sand= FNet-like article。
Alternatively or in addition to the above, the mesh may also have been manufactured from a suitable heavy material (metal)So as to generate a suitable gravity force FWeight (D)= FNet-like article. Thus, the mesh may be a metal mesh, i.e. preferably made of metal.
The term "mesh" refers to a network system of fibers, ropes or wires. The mesh system includes connection points where fibers, cords or wires have been interwoven with one another. A mesh is a surface structure in which forces become well distributed. There are empty spaces or holes between the fibers, cords or wires forming the mesh elements. The configuration of the mesh elements or apertures may be, for exampleDiamond, square or hexagon. Preferably, the connection between the fibres, ropes or wires at their connection points is of the floating and/or knotless type. Thus, the adjustment of the different forces may be achieved in such a way that the mesh forms a single uniform surface structure without elevations or depressions despite the differences.
The mesh is preferably constructed with mesh elements that are small enough to prevent the membrane from passing through the mesh element pores.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the case of the heat storage system WSP2 shown here, the mesh FDS2 is pressed onto the membrane FUS by means of an anchoring device (not shown here in greater detail, for example by means of a tensioning belt or the like) instead of by means of a sand layer.
Details describe a preferred configuration of contact between the membrane FUS and the upward extension of the edge of the thermal storage system WSP 2. In this transition region, the membrane FUS has been additionally shaped (for example in a convex manner) in order to allow compensation of the forces F acting thereonp. Thus, in this region, the membrane FUS has no mesh FDS 2.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the case of the heat storage system WSP3 shown here, the mesh FDS3 is pressed onto the film FUS with the aid of hydraulic cylinders HYD instead of by means of a sand layer.
The plan view shows the respective positioning points POS at which the respective hydraulic cylinders HYD have been arranged in order to apply a vertically oriented force to the membrane FUS by using one end of the hydraulic cylinders HYD. Accordingly, for this purpose, the other end of the hydraulic cylinder HYD has been fixed to a fixing device (for example to the top cover of the heat storage system WSP 3).
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 4 shows an alternative, slightly modified embodiment of the present invention.
In the case of the heat storage system WSP4 shown here, the mesh FDS4 is pressed onto the film FUS by means of the movable roof DEK of the heat storage system WSP4, instead of by means of a hydraulic cylinder.
The top cover slides over the extension of the side edge of the thermal storage system WSP 4; the gravitational force exerted by the top cover DEK is increased by using the tension cable SPS.
The position of the cover DEK relative to the membrane FUS and also the required surface force is defined by the tensioning cable SPS by means of the prefabricated defined spacers ABS.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 5 shows another cross section of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
The heat storage system WSP5 includes a solid natural material MAT for storing heat. The heat storage material MAT is surrounded by a flexible fluid impermeable layer FUS (in this case, for example a membrane) in a manner that provides at least a pressure-tight isolation of the heat storage material MAT, preferably from the environment of the heat storage system WSP5 and/or from the surrounding environment with respect to the heat storage system WSP 5.
In this case, the invention provides an at least to some extent flexible outer layer FDS5 that simulates scale-like armor (scale armor) and has metal sheet plates that overlap each other in a scaly fashion, in this regard, see detail in fig. 5.
The film FUS is therefore pressed flat onto the heat storage material MAT and preferably conforms thereto.
The required surface force is generated by laying the traction cable ZS in the corresponding tube on the scale (scale) of the outer layer FDS 5. These traction cables ZS are in turn tensioned by tensioning cables SPS in such a way that the sheet metal plates FDS5, which overlap each other in a scaly manner, exert a pressure on the film FUS.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the case of the heat storage system WSP6 shown here, the gas-tight mesh structure FDS6 is pressed against the membrane FUS by means of gas pressure.
The heat storage system WSP6 in this embodiment has a gas tight top cover DEK 6.
Fig. 7 furthermore shows a section of a heat storage system constructed as in the prior art, which section is described in the introduction.
Claims (9)
1. A device for storing thermal energy in a heat exchanger,
having a heat storage system which is constructed three-dimensionally and comprises a solid natural material for storing heat, namely a heat storage Material (MAT),
-wherein the heat storage Material (MAT) is surrounded by a flexible fluid impermeable layer (FUS) in a manner providing at least a pressure-tight isolation of the heat storage Material (MAT) from the environment of the heat storage system,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-providing a flexible outer layer coupled to the flexible fluid impermeable layer (FUS) in such a way that the flexible outer layer exerts a surface force on the flexible fluid impermeable layer (FUS) and the flexible fluid impermeable layer (FUS) thus exerts a surface pressure on the heat storage Material (MAT), and
-the flexible outer layer (i) takes the form of a mesh or (ii) is configured as a sheet metal panel (FDS 5) overlapping each other in a scaly manner.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the flexible fluid impermeable layer (FUS) is a membrane.
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein where the flexible outer layer takes the form of a mesh, the mesh is configured as a metal mesh.
4. A device according to claim 3, characterised in that, in order to generate the surface force, a layer made of sand has been applied to the mesh in a manner suitable for pressing the mesh onto the membrane.
5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in order to generate the surface forces, the mesh and/or the sheet metal plates (FDS 5) overlapping one another in a scaly manner have been manufactured from a heavy material, in particular from metal.
6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in order to generate the surface forces, tensioning bands have been provided in such a way that the mesh and/or the sheet metal plate (FDS 5) overlapping one another in a scaly manner is pressed onto the flexible fluid impermeable layer (FUS) by means of the tensioning bands.
7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in order to generate the surface force, a hydraulic cylinder has been provided in such a way that the mesh is pressed onto the flexible fluid impermeable layer (FUS) by means of the hydraulic cylinder.
8. Device as claimed in any of the claims 1-3, characterized in that, for generating the surface force, the top cover of the heat storage system is constructed to be movable in such a way that the movable top cover is pressed onto the flexible fluid impermeable layer (FUS).
9. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the traction cables (ZS) are arranged in respective tubes above the sheet metal plates (FDS 5) overlapping each other in a scaly manner, in the presence of sheet metal plates (FDS 5) overlapping each other in a scaly manner.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17202011.7A EP3486594A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2017-11-16 | Assembly for storing thermal energy |
| EP17202011.7 | 2017-11-16 | ||
| PCT/EP2018/081142 WO2019096809A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2018-11-14 | Arrangement for storing thermal energy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111656122A true CN111656122A (en) | 2020-09-11 |
| CN111656122B CN111656122B (en) | 2022-01-14 |
Family
ID=60387864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201880074229.6A Active CN111656122B (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2018-11-14 | Device for storing thermal energy |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11486654B2 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP3486594A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN111656122B (en) |
| DK (1) | DK3695183T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019096809A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11913361B2 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2024-02-27 | Rondo Energy, Inc. | Energy storage system and alumina calcination applications |
| WO2022115721A2 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | Rondo Energy, Inc. | Energy storage system and applications |
| US11913362B2 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2024-02-27 | Rondo Energy, Inc. | Thermal energy storage system coupled with steam cracking system |
| EP4174430A1 (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-03 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy GmbH & Co. KG | Thermal energy storage device with overpressure protection |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101303207B (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2010-06-09 | 上海第二工业大学 | Moveable cold heat source module |
| JP2014055762A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2014-03-27 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Heat storage device |
| WO2016150462A1 (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Thermal energy storage with increased capacity |
| WO2017055475A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat exchange system with a heat exchange chamber in a soil excavation, method for manufacturing the heat exchange system and method for exchanging heat by using the heat exchange system |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3949527A (en) * | 1974-08-09 | 1976-04-13 | Canamer Leasing Services Inc. | Material supported cover and method for securing said cover to the ground |
| DE2721173A1 (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1978-11-16 | Franz Kerner | Domestic heat storage tank and exchanger - has liq. or gaseous medium flowing through tank containing pebbles to store heat |
| DE2949584A1 (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1981-06-11 | Herbert Ing.(grad.) 5000 Köln Kaniut | Underground heat store with ground heat collector - comprises concrete tank containing sand or water covered over with soil for landscaping |
| DE3124021C2 (en) * | 1981-06-19 | 1985-02-14 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Heat storage for a heating system |
| US4897970A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1990-02-06 | Canamer International, Inc. | Method of covering and securing material |
| US6994156B2 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2006-02-07 | Coolsmart Llc | Air-conditioning system with thermal storage |
| EP2593676A4 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2016-06-01 | Bright Energy Storage Technologies Llp | System and method for storing thermal energy |
-
2017
- 2017-11-16 EP EP17202011.7A patent/EP3486594A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-11-14 EP EP18810897.1A patent/EP3695183B1/en active Active
- 2018-11-14 WO PCT/EP2018/081142 patent/WO2019096809A1/en unknown
- 2018-11-14 CN CN201880074229.6A patent/CN111656122B/en active Active
- 2018-11-14 DK DK18810897.1T patent/DK3695183T3/en active
- 2018-11-14 US US16/763,162 patent/US11486654B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014055762A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2014-03-27 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Heat storage device |
| CN101303207B (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2010-06-09 | 上海第二工业大学 | Moveable cold heat source module |
| WO2016150462A1 (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Thermal energy storage with increased capacity |
| WO2017055475A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat exchange system with a heat exchange chamber in a soil excavation, method for manufacturing the heat exchange system and method for exchanging heat by using the heat exchange system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20200278157A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
| EP3695183B1 (en) | 2021-07-14 |
| EP3486594A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
| WO2019096809A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
| EP3695183A1 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
| US11486654B2 (en) | 2022-11-01 |
| DK3695183T3 (en) | 2021-09-06 |
| CN111656122B (en) | 2022-01-14 |
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