CN111653925A - Optical device for generating adjustable femtosecond sawtooth wave and phase adjusting method - Google Patents
Optical device for generating adjustable femtosecond sawtooth wave and phase adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- QBLDFAIABQKINO-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium borate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]B=O.[O-]B=O QBLDFAIABQKINO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004288 Sodium dehydroacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0092—Nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical device for generating adjustable femtosecond sawtooth waves and a phase adjusting method, which sequentially comprise a laser with a common optical axis, a frequency doubling crystal, a negative dispersion crystal, a bicolor wave plate, a fused quartz wedge pair, a focusing device and a sum frequency crystal; adjustable femtosecond sawtooth waveforms can be generated by adjusting the relative phase between the optical fields; the relative delay among the light field components can realize the change of attosecond precision, and a complex external phase stabilizing device is not needed; a novel control mode of relative phase is applied, namely: the relative phase of two beams of light is controlled by changing the insertion depth of the fused quartz wedge pair, and the stable control of the relative phase between three optical fields is realized by moving the distance of the sum frequency crystal in the light beam propagation direction. The relative phase among 3 optical harmonic fields can be accurately controlled without any external phase stabilization system, and the coherent regulation and control of the femtosecond sawtooth wave are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a femtosecond sawtooth wave coherent regulation and control technology, in particular to an optical device for generating a controllable femtosecond sawtooth wave.
Background
Femtosecond laser is a pulsed laser with pulse duration in the order of femtoseconds. In recent decades, femtosecond laser has important applications in many advanced scientific experiments of physics, chemistry, biology and the like, and has become a very important subject in the international physical field. Because the peak power of the femtosecond laser is high, the light intensity of the femtosecond laser is far higher than the coulomb field in the atom after focusing, so electrons can be easily separated from the constraint of the atom by the femtosecond laser pulse to form plasma. The optical field oscillation form of the femtosecond laser used in the past is a sine wave form, although the high peak power can ionize solid, gas and liquid to form plasma. However, the speed of electrons at the moment of ionization cannot be maximized to optimize the transient lateral electron current. This limits to some extent the application of femtosecond lasers to interacting with substances.
Two-color light fields have been used frequently in many femtosecond laser experiments. When the light fields of the two colors are superposed, the vector superposition of two sine waveforms is carried out, and even if the parameters such as the phase, the polarization and the like of the two colors are adjusted to be optimal, the symmetry of the light field can only be broken, so that the symmetry of the synthesized light field is broken. But not femtosecond sawtooth waves (sawtooth waves refer to the oscillating form of the laser field, not the classical sinusoidal wave but a wave form similar to that of a steel saw tooth).
In addition, although the synthesized femtosecond optical field is regulated by using a three-color optical field, the experimental devices generally separate the laser beams with different wavelength components from a multicolor optical field by using a spectroscope, and then combine the laser beams with different wavelength components. In such an experimental apparatus for splitting and combining light beams first, since it is difficult to control the optical path length between the light beams in order of interference, the phase between the wavelength components varies with the disturbance of environmental factors, and a stable sawtooth waveform cannot be generated. In summary, the above method uses a femtosecond laser dual-color field or three-color field to regulate and control the light field. But the stable femtosecond sawtooth wave can not be synthesized and the sawtooth wave can not be coherently regulated. The main reason is that the synthesis of a sawtooth wave requires three or more light fields, which should consist of a series of harmonics, and the relative phase between them can be precisely controlled and alternated by pi.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical device for generating adjustable femtosecond sawtooth waves and a phase adjusting method aiming at the problem that the femtosecond light field synthesized by a three-color light field is difficult to control in a coherent mode, and provides a three-color light field synthesizing device with attosecond-order time control precision. The method can accurately control the relative phase among 3 optical harmonic fields without any external phase stabilization system, and realize coherent regulation and control of the femtosecond sawtooth wave.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an optical device for generating adjustable femtosecond sawtooth waves sequentially comprises a laser with a common optical axis, a frequency doubling crystal, a negative dispersion crystal, a bicolor wave plate, a fused quartz wedge pair, a focusing device and a sum frequency crystal; the femtosecond pulse emitted by the femtosecond laser doubles the linear polarization femtosecond pulse through the frequency doubling crystal to generate frequency doubling light, and the polarization of the fundamental frequency light emitted by the frequency doubling crystal is vertical to that of the frequency doubling light; the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light are subjected to positive dispersion of negative dispersion crystal compensation loss, then the polarization of two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other is changed into mutually parallel light after passing through a bicolor wave plate, the mutually parallel fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light are subjected to relative phase adjustment through fused quartz wedge, then two beams of parallel femtosecond pulses are focused through a focusing device, a sum frequency crystal is inserted in front of the focusing device and a focus, so that the mutually parallel fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light generate third harmonic on the sum frequency crystal, and the fundamental frequency light, the frequency doubling light and the third harmonic generate stable sawtooth waves at a common focus.
The focusing device is an off-axis parabolic mirror or an achromatic lens.
According to the phase regulation and control method for the optical device for generating the adjustable femtosecond sawtooth wave, the pair of the fused quartz wedges is precisely controlled by the electric translation stage, the thickness of the fused quartz wedges in the optical path is changed along with the change of the insertion depth of the fused quartz wedges, the relative phase between the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light can be controlled in attosecond precision, and the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light are synchronous; the distance between the sum frequency crystal and the focal point is changed to control the phase of the third harmonic.
According to the phase regulation method for generating the optical device capable of regulating the femtosecond sawtooth wave, after the phase regulation, the expression of the sawtooth wave synthesized at the focus is as follows:
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention produces the optical device and phase control method that can regulate and control femtosecond sawtooth wave, the light beam in this apparatus is the collinear transmission device, the apparatus is simple and easy to control; adjustable femtosecond sawtooth waveforms can be generated by adjusting the relative phase between the optical fields; the relative delay among the light field components can realize the change of attosecond precision, and a complex external phase stabilizing device is not needed; a novel control mode of relative phase is applied, namely: the relative phase of two beams of light is controlled by changing the insertion depth of the fused quartz wedge pair, and the stable control of the relative phase between three optical fields is realized by moving the distance of the sum frequency BBO crystal in the light beam propagation direction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an optical device for generating a tunable femtosecond sawtooth waveform according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an original light field a and a synthesized sawtooth light field b according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an optical diagram of an optical device for generating a femtosecond sawtooth wave according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is an optical diagram of an optical device for generating a tunable femtosecond sawtooth waveform according to the present invention. The device includes in proper order: the laser comprises a laser 1, a frequency doubling crystal 2, calcite 3, a bicolor wave plate 4, a fused quartz wedge pair 5, an off-axis parabolic mirror 6 and a sum frequency crystal 7. The femtosecond pulse emitted by the femtosecond laser 1 is subjected to frequency doubling of the linearly polarized femtosecond pulse through the frequency doubling crystal 2 to generate frequency doubling light, and the polarization of the fundamental frequency light with certain time delay is vertical to that of the frequency doubling light. Then, negative dispersion is introduced between the basic frequency light and the frequency doubling light which are perpendicular to each other through the negative dispersion crystal calcite 3, so that positive dispersion introduced by other optical elements and air is compensated. Then the polarization of two beams of light which are vertical to each other is changed into parallel after passing through the bicolor wave plate 4. The relative phase between the two lights is adjusted when the fundamental light and the frequency doubled light parallel to each other pass through the pair of fused silica wedges 5. The off-axis parabolic mirror 6 then focuses the two parallel femtosecond pulses. The sum frequency crystal 7 is inserted before the focus so that the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light which are parallel to each other generate third harmonic on the sum frequency crystal 7. Finally, the fundamental frequency light, the frequency doubling light and the third harmonic are focused together at one point to generate a focal point 8. A stable sawtooth waveform is now generated at the common focus 8 of the three-color light fields.
The following is the parameters of an embodiment, which takes a femtosecond laser with a center wavelength of 800nm as an example, and the method is also applicable to other bands.
The femtosecond pulse laser output from the titanium sapphire laser 1 with a center wavelength of 800nm, a pulse width of 35fs, a repetition frequency of 1kHz was incident on a 200 μm thick barium metaborate (BBO) crystal 2 of type I with a cutting angle of 29.2 ° for generating 400nm frequency doubled light, the polarization of the fundamental light was not changed, the polarization of the generated frequency doubled light was vertically polarized, and group velocity dispersion was generated between the fundamental light and the frequency doubled light. Immediately after being incident on calcite 3 with a cutting angle of 90 DEG, the calcite 3 is a negative dispersion crystal for compensating the positive dispersion generated in the optical path. At this time, the polarization of the fundamental light and the polarization of the frequency doubled light are perpendicular to each other, so that the dichroic wave plate 4 is required, and the dichroic wave plate 4 acts as a half wave plate for the fundamental light and as a full wave plate for the frequency doubled light. The polarization of the fundamental light can be rotated by 90 ° by rotating the dichroic plate 4 while the polarization of the frequency-doubled light remains unchanged. The polarization of the fundamental frequency light and the polarization of the frequency doubling light after the double-color wave plate are parallel to each other, the fused silica wedge 5 behind the double-color wave plate is precisely controlled by the electric translation stage, and the relative phase between the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light can be precisely controlled in attosecond along with the change of the insertion depth of the double-color wave plate. The synchronized fundamental light and frequency doubled light are focused in the air by an off-axis parabolic mirror 6 with a focal length of 15 cm. Another 50 micron thick barium metaborate type I (BBO) crystal 7 is inserted in the optical path between parabolic mirror 6 and focal point 8 to sum the frequencies and generate the third harmonic at a wavelength of 266 nm. The relative phase between 400nm and 266nm can be controlled with attosecond accuracy by moving the type I barium metaborate (BBO) crystal 7 along the optical path propagation direction. The resulting three-color field focused at the focal point 8 produces a stable sawtooth waveform.
Through the layout of the experimental device, an expression of a focused three-color laser field is deduced. The expression for the three-color light field at focus can be written without loss of generality as:
in the formula E800、E400And E266The amplitudes of the light waves with wavelengths of 800nm, 400nm and 266nm in the three-color light field respectively, wherein omega is 800nm light field frequency, 2 omega is 400nm light field frequency, and 3 omega is 266nm light field frequency. The resolution for each phase factor in the formula is as follows:
phase difference between fundamental frequency light and frequency doubling light in movable fused quartz wedge 5
Showing, phase difference
The relationship between the thickness Δ d of the wedge pair is:
wherein n is400Is a refractive index of 400nm in the fused silica material, n800Is a refractive index, λ, of 800nm in fused silica material400The wavelength of the frequency doubling light is 400 nm.
The phase difference delta alpha is formed by other transmission factors from the frequency doubling BBO crystal 2 to the focal point 8, and the other transmission factors specifically comprise the following five parts: frequency doubling BBO crystal 2, calcite 3, bicolor wave plate 4, and frequency doubling BB0 crystal 7, frequency doubling BBO crystal 2 to the air between focal points 8. The phase difference Δ α is a constant value for a given distance from the frequency doubling BBO crystal to the focal point 8.
(III) in the sum frequency BBO crystal 7, the phase difference caused by the movable fused quartz wedge 5 accompanied with the sum frequency
Will be transferred to the third harmonic wave, so the third harmonic wave light field also has phase difference
。
And (IV) the phase factor related to the third harmonic light field has two other terms. The first factor is the sum frequency crystal 7, which produces a fixed phase factor that depends on the BBO thickness of the sum frequency crystal 7A sub- Δ β the second factor is the air between the sum frequency crystal 7 and the focal point 8, which produces a phase that can be expressed as Δ ═ 2 pi (n)400-n800)Δl/λ400Where Δ l represents the distance between sum frequency BBO crystal 7 and focal point 8. Thus, the phase Δ can be controlled by varying the distance of the sum frequency BBO crystal 7 from the focal point 8.
In the formula (1)
And Δ are variables, and in order to conform to the sawtooth expression, a fixed phase factor may be absorbed into a varying phase factor, such that the phase factor in equation (1)
Can be written as
Δ β + Δ can be written as Δ'. by varying the thickness Δ d of the wedge 5 of fused silica and the distance Δ l from the sum frequency BBO crystal to the focal point, the relative phase can be controlled separately
And Δ'. Due to the fact that
And delta' can be independently controlled in experiments, and phase constants (-pi/2) are introduced into laser fields with different wavelengths on the premise of not losing generalityiFor fundamental frequency light 800nm, frequency doubling light 400nm and third harmonic 266nm, the values of the parameter i are 1, 2 and 3 respectively. (1) The formula can be written as:
considering the pulse envelope, the expression for the synthesized sawtooth at the focus can be written as:
(3) where τ is the temporal width of the pulse.
The light field oscillation form of the incident laser light is shown as a in fig. 2, and the sawtooth waveform derived from expression (3) is shown as b in fig. 2.
The off-axis parabolic mirror 6 in fig. 1 is replaced by an achromatic lens 9 in fig. 3 to realize focusing, and then the synchronization of the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubled light is realized by adjusting the insertion depth of the fused quartz wedge 5. Eventually, a stable sawtooth wave can be realized. Calcite 3 in figure 1 may be replaced by any negative dispersion crystal.
Claims (4)
1. An optical device for generating adjustable femtosecond sawtooth waves is characterized by sequentially comprising a laser with a common optical axis, a frequency doubling crystal, a negative dispersion crystal, a bicolor wave plate, a fused quartz wedge pair, a focusing device and a sum frequency crystal; the femtosecond pulse emitted by the femtosecond laser doubles the linear polarization femtosecond pulse through the frequency doubling crystal to generate frequency doubling light, and the polarization of the fundamental frequency light emitted by the frequency doubling crystal is vertical to that of the frequency doubling light; the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light are subjected to positive dispersion of negative dispersion crystal compensation loss, then the polarization of two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other is changed into mutually parallel light after passing through a bicolor wave plate, the mutually parallel fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light are subjected to relative phase adjustment through fused quartz wedge, then two beams of parallel femtosecond pulses are focused through a focusing device, a sum frequency crystal is inserted in front of the focusing device and a focus, so that the mutually parallel fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light generate third harmonic on the sum frequency crystal, and the fundamental frequency light, the frequency doubling light and the third harmonic generate stable sawtooth waves at a common focus.
2. The optical device for generating a tunable femtosecond sawtooth wave according to claim 1, wherein the focusing device is an off-axis parabolic mirror or an achromatic lens.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the phase of the optical device for generating the controllable femtosecond sawtooth wave according to the claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that an electric translation stage is used for precisely controlling the pair of the fused quartz wedges, the thickness of the fused quartz wedges in the optical path is changed along with the change of the insertion depth of the pair of the fused quartz wedges, the relative phase between the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light can be controlled with attosecond precision, and the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light are synchronous; the distance between the sum frequency crystal and the focal point is changed to control the phase of the third harmonic.
4. The method for generating a tunable femtosecond sawtooth wave optical device according to claim 3, wherein after phase tuning, the expression of the synthesized sawtooth wave at the focus is as follows:
Δ ═ Δ β + Δ, Δ β represents a fixed phase factor determined by the thickness of the sum frequency crystal, and Δ represents the third harmonic phase difference caused by the distance between the sum frequency crystal and the focal point.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090238222A1 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2009-09-24 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Laser system employing harmonic generation |
| WO2012164483A1 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Method and device for generating isolated attosecond pulses |
| CN107017542A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-04 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of device that Terahertz is produced based on femtosecond circular polarization two-color laser field in the same direction |
| CN109643879A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-04-16 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Frequency double laser and harmonic laser production method |
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2020
- 2020-06-03 CN CN202010494618.3A patent/CN111653925A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090238222A1 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2009-09-24 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Laser system employing harmonic generation |
| WO2012164483A1 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Method and device for generating isolated attosecond pulses |
| CN107017542A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-04 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of device that Terahertz is produced based on femtosecond circular polarization two-color laser field in the same direction |
| CN109643879A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-04-16 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Frequency double laser and harmonic laser production method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| SHAOJIE LIU, ET AL.: "coherent control of boosted terahertz radiation from air plasma pumped by femtosecond 3-color sawtooth field", 《CLEO 2020》 * |
| SHAOJIE LIU, ET AL.: "coherent control of boosted terahertz radiation from air plasma pumped by femtosecond 3-color sawtooth field", 《CLEO 2020》, 31 January 2020 (2020-01-31), pages 1 * |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |