CN111652411B - Distributed power supply double-layer planning method - Google Patents

Distributed power supply double-layer planning method Download PDF

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CN111652411B
CN111652411B CN202010413416.1A CN202010413416A CN111652411B CN 111652411 B CN111652411 B CN 111652411B CN 202010413416 A CN202010413416 A CN 202010413416A CN 111652411 B CN111652411 B CN 111652411B
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钟浩
郑城宇
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed power supply double-layer planning method, which comprises the following steps: calculating the sensitivity of the network loss to each node; selecting a node with high loss sensitivity as a candidate installation position of the distributed power supply and the reactive power compensation device; determining candidate installation positions of the section switches by adopting an island region division method; establishing an upper layer model and a lower layer model of a distributed power supply double-layer planning model; and solving the distributed power supply double-layer planning model to obtain the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply, the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch. The upper layer model of the invention optimizes the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply, and the lower layer model optimizes the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch, thereby realizing the optimization and coordination of the planning and operation of the distributed power supply; an island region division method is introduced, the installation position of a section switch is optimized, and the power failure loss is reduced to the maximum extent by using a distributed power supply.

Description

Distributed power supply double-layer planning method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of distributed power supply planning, and particularly relates to a distributed power supply double-layer planning method.
Background
As the permeability of Distributed Generation (DG) in power distribution networks increases, DG has a profound effect on many aspects of the power distribution networks. On one hand, the DG can improve the network loss of the power distribution network system, reduce the power failure loss and delay the system upgrading and transforming time; on the other hand, the traditional passive power distribution network is changed to the active power distribution network due to the fact that the DG is connected in a grid mode, the operation characteristics of the power distribution network are changed, planning investment has to be increased for a power distribution network company to ensure the safety and stability of the system, however, due to the fact that the two parties do not coordinate and plan, planning of the two parties is unreasonable, the DG cannot be actively consumed by the power distribution network company, and finally the DG construction power and the consumption capacity are seriously insufficient, and the sustainable development of the distributed power supply is affected. In order to efficiently consume the DGs, analysis and research are mainly carried out on the positions and the capacities of the DGs connected into the power distribution network and the configuration of the reactive power compensation devices. The position and capacity of the DG are optimized and configured with the aim of reducing the network loss of the power distribution network, and meanwhile, a reactive compensation device is configured to promote the DG consumption. At present, island division by using a section switch in a planning stage is not considered yet, power failure loss of a power distribution network is reduced, active consumption of DGs by the power distribution network is promoted through economic signals, both the DGs and reactive compensation devices are regarded as owned by a power distribution network company and are planned in a unified mode, and the DGs, the reactive compensation devices and the switches are not considered to belong to two different main bodies of a DG power generator and the power distribution network company respectively.
Therefore, research starts from two main bodies of DG power generators and power distribution network companies, the construction planning and dynamic operation of the distributed power sources are coordinated, a distributed power source double-layer planning model considering the power failure loss of the power distribution network is established, and the organic coordination of the planning of the power distribution network companies and the DG power generators is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem of the invention is that the existing common distributed power supply planning method optimizes and configures the position and the capacity of a DG by taking the reduction of the network loss of a power distribution network as a target, and simultaneously configures a reactive compensation device to promote the consumption of the DG. The island division is performed by using the section switch in the planning stage without consideration in the method, so that the power failure loss of the power distribution network is reduced. In the existing planning method, both the DG and the reactive compensation device are regarded as owned by a power distribution network company and are planned in a unified mode, and the DG, the reactive compensation device and the switch are not considered to belong to two different main bodies of a DG power generator and the power distribution network company respectively.
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a distributed power supply double-layer planning method, which is used for coordinating the construction planning and dynamic operation of a distributed power supply from two main bodies, namely a distributed power supply generator and a power distribution network company, and establishing a distributed power supply double-layer planning model considering the power failure loss of the power distribution network. The upper model optimizes the position and capacity of the DG. The lower-layer model optimizes the installation position of the section switch, reasonable island region division is carried out on the power distribution network containing the DGs, the power failure loss of a power distribution network company is reduced, meanwhile, the optimal configuration of the reactive compensation device is realized, and the DG consumption capacity of the power distribution network is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is a distributed power supply double-layer planning method, which comprises the steps of establishing a double-layer planning model of a power generator and a power distribution network company, and optimizing the installation position and the capacity of a distributed power supply through an upper layer model; the installation position, the capacity and the installation position of the section switch of the reactive power compensation device are optimized through a lower layer model, the reasonable arrangement of the distributed power supply, the reactive power compensation device and the section switch in the power distribution network is realized through a double-layer planning model, the double-layer planning method of the distributed power supply comprises the following steps,
step 1: analyzing each node of the power distribution system by a network loss sensitivity method to obtain the sensitivity of the network loss to the active power and the reactive power of each node;
step 2: arranging nodes of the power distribution system in a descending order according to the size of the network loss sensitivity, and selecting the nodes at the front in the sequence as candidate installation positions of the distributed power supply and the reactive power compensation device;
and step 3: dividing a support island region of a distributed power supply for a load by adopting an island region division method, and determining a candidate installation position of a section switch;
and 4, step 4: establishing a distributed power supply double-layer planning model;
step 4.1: establishing an upper layer model, and optimizing the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply;
and 4.2: establishing a lower layer model, and optimizing the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch;
and 5: and solving the distributed power supply double-layer planning model to obtain the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply, the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch.
Further, each node of the power distribution system is analyzed by a network loss sensitivity method, and an expression of network loss of the power distribution system is as follows:
Ploss＝PTCTRCP+QTCTRCQ
p, Q represents the active power and reactive power of each node; c is an inverse matrix of the node-branch correlation matrix; r is the impedance of each branch circuit;
the active sensitivity of the network loss to each node is
Figure BDA0002494141360000021
Reactive sensitivity of network loss to each node is
Figure BDA0002494141360000022
Further, the objective function of the upper model is as follows:
maxY＝Ys-Yt-Ym
wherein Y is the net profit of the DG power generator, and when the value is positive, the profit can be obtained, and when the value is negative, the loss can be obtained; y issThe income is obtained by trading the electric energy between the DG power generator and the power distribution network company; y istIs the initial investment cost, i.e., the cost of installing a DG; y ismThe operating maintenance cost for the DG.
The constraints of the upper layer model include:
1) DG installation capacity limit
0≤Pi≤Pimax
In the formula PimaxThe capacity upper limit of the DG which can be installed at the i node;
2) flow restraint
Figure BDA0002494141360000031
Figure BDA0002494141360000032
Wherein j epsilon i represents that the node j is directly connected with the node i; pg、QgRespectively injecting active power and reactive power for the main network; pl、QlRespectively the active and reactive power requirements of the distribution network load; qsFor the absence of reactive-load compensation means at node sOutput power; n is the number of nodes for installing the reactive compensation device; u shapei、UjThe voltage amplitudes of the i node and the j node are respectively; gij、Bij、θijRespectively the conductance and susceptance of the power distribution network line and the phase angle difference of the two ends.
3) Line transmission power constraint
Pl≤Plmax
In the formula PlIs the active power transmitted on line l; plmaxThe maximum value of the transmission power on line i.
Further, the objective function of the underlying model is as follows:
maxF＝Fl+Fc-Fq-Fk
f is net income obtained by a power distribution network company after DG is accessed; flGains obtained for reducing network losses, i.e. gains obtained by reducing network loss costs incurred in the operation of the distribution network; fcGains obtained for distribution grid companies to reduce outage loss costs; fqThe reactive compensation cost is equal annual value expense of reactive compensation equipment which is invested and installed by a power distribution network company for reducing network loss; fkProtection optimization cost, namely annual cost of investment and installation of section switches of the power distribution network for reducing power failure loss.
The constraints of the underlying model include:
1) flow constraints
Figure BDA0002494141360000041
Figure BDA0002494141360000042
2) Node voltage constraint
Uimin≤Ui≤Uimax
3) Reactive power compensator installation capacity constraints
0≤Qw≤Qmax
In the formula QmaxThe maximum reactive output of the reactive power compensation device is allowed at the node i.
Preferably, in step 5, the distributed power supply double-layer planning model is solved by using a genetic algorithm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, a double-layer planning model of a power generator company and a power distribution network company is established, the upper layer model optimizes the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply, the lower layer model optimizes the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch, and the reasonable arrangement of the distributed power supply, the reactive power compensation device and the section switch in the power distribution network is realized; the optimal planning result is obtained through solving of a genetic algorithm, and optimization coordination of distributed power supply planning and operation is achieved;
2) an island region dividing method is introduced, a distributed power supply is used as a center, a supporting island region of the distributed power supply to a load is dynamically divided, the installation position of a section switch is optimized, the switch position can change along with the grid-connected capacity and position change of the distributed power supply, and the power failure loss of a power distribution network is reduced to the maximum extent by using the distributed power supply.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of islanding area division of a power distribution network containing a DG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-tier planning model of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the genetic algorithm solving of the example.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an IEEE33 node system of an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a loss sensitivity value of each node of the IEEE33 node system according to the embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the change of net profit value of a developer and a power distribution network company along with the DG grid-connected capacity of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 5, the embodiment selects an IEEE33 node system as an example, a DG at a location 2 is deployed in the IEEE33 node system, and the method of the present invention is applied to optimize the installation location and capacity of the distributed power source at the location 2, and the arrangement of the reactive power compensation device and the section switch.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the distributed power supply dual-layer planning method includes the following steps,
step 1: analyzing each node of the power distribution system by a network loss sensitivity method to obtain the sensitivity of the network loss to the active power and the reactive power of each node;
the DG can meet the load demand of the power distribution network and reduce the transmission distance of electric energy, so that the reduction of the network loss of the system is one of the main values of the DG and is also an important evaluation index for site selection planning; similarly, reducing the system network loss is also one of the installation purposes of the reactive power compensation device. Based on the network loss sensitivity method, the sensitivity of the network loss of the power distribution system to active power and reactive power is analyzed, so that the installation positions to be selected of the DG and the reactive compensation device are determined. The simplified expression of the network loss of the power distribution network system is:
Ploss＝PTCTRCP+QTCTRCQ (1)
p, Q represents the active power and reactive power of each node; c is an inverse matrix of the node-branch correlation matrix; r is the impedance of each branch.
Figure BDA0002494141360000051
Figure BDA0002494141360000052
The formula (2) and the formula (3) are respectively the sensitivity of the system network loss to the active power and the reactive power of each node.
Step 2: arranging nodes of the power distribution system in a descending order according to the size of the network loss sensitivity, and selecting the nodes at the front in the sequence as candidate installation positions of the distributed power supply and the reactive power compensation device;
and 3, step 3: dividing a support island region of a distributed power supply for a load by adopting an island region division method, and determining a candidate installation position of a section switch;
the DG is incorporated into the distribution network and not only can reduce the network loss, but also can effectively reduce the power failure loss of the distribution network containing the DG by reasonably dividing the island region. Through the optimal configuration of the section switch, a power supply island with DGs as centers is formed under the condition that the power distribution network fails, and the power failure loss can be greatly recovered and the income of a power distribution network company is increased by utilizing the power supply capacity of the DGs and the topological characteristics of the power distribution network.
As shown in fig. 2, taking a DG access area 4 as an example, islanding area division is performed on a power distribution network including a DG, and the islanding area division includes the following steps:
1) installing section switches at the access points of the branch lines and the bus, namely installing the section switches 1-5, wherein the installation positions of the section switches 1-5 are fixed, and dividing the power distribution network into 5 areas;
2) for the region 4, the installation position of the section switch 6 in the region 4 is dynamically adjusted according to the DG grid-connected capacity, the range of an island region 4-2 is divided by taking the DG access position as a starting point and taking the average DG output to be greater than the load in the island, and the region 4 is divided into a region 4-1 and a region 4-2 containing DGs;
3) when the line contained in the area 2 or the area 4-1 has a fault, the section switch 6 is switched off, and the area 4-2 operates in an isolated island manner; failure of lines in zones 1, 3, 5 does not have any effect on zone 4-2.
And 4, step 4: establishing a distributed power supply double-layer planning model;
step 4.1: establishing an upper layer model, and optimizing the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply;
as shown in fig. 3, the DG power generator is taken as a newly added main body in the market, and at the present stage, the policy of China mainly supports new energy and clean energy, so that the DG power generator has motivation and power for making a decision first. In order to improve the system network loss and reduce the power failure loss, the distribution network company needs to implement the reactive compensation device configuration or the section switch installation according to the decision of a DG power generator. Therefore, the DG generator is considered the upper body of the two-tier project. In the method, a DG generator decides the installation address and the capacity of the DG, and a power distribution network company optimally configures the reactive power compensation device and the section switch according to the decision behavior made by the DG.
The upper layer planning is that a DG generator carries out site selection and volume fixing on DGs, and the objective function is as follows
maxY＝Ys-Yt-Ym (4)
In the formula: y is the net profit of the DG generator, when the value is positive, the profit can be obtained, and when the value is negative, the loss can be obtained; y issEarnings obtained by electric energy transaction between DG power generators and distribution network companies; y istFor the initial cost, namely the cost for installing DGs, the invention uses the annual value for analysis in order to facilitate calculation; y ismThe operating maintenance cost for the DG.
YsIs as follows
Figure BDA0002494141360000061
In the formula csA unit price of electricity sold for the DG; t is a unit ofsThe number of the maximum utilization hours in DG year is 2000 hours in the embodiment; piThe installation capacity of DG at the i node; n is a radical ofDGA node set is installed for DG.
YtIs calculated as follows
Figure BDA0002494141360000062
Wherein n is the service life of DG; r is the current rate; c. CtThe cost required to install a unit capacity DG.
YmIs calculated as follows
Figure BDA0002494141360000071
In the formula cmThe operating and maintenance cost required by the unit generation capacity of DG.
The upper layer model constraint conditions comprise:
1) DG installation capacity limit
0≤Pi≤Pimax (8)
In the formula PimaxThe capacity upper limit of the DG which can be installed at the i node;
2) flow restraint
Figure BDA0002494141360000072
Figure BDA0002494141360000073
Wherein j epsilon i represents that the node j is directly connected with the node i; p isg、QgRespectively injecting active power and reactive power for the main network; p isl、QlRespectively the active and reactive power requirements of the distribution network load; qsThe reactive power output of the reactive power compensation device at the node s; n is the number of nodes for installing the reactive compensation device; u shapei、UjThe voltage amplitudes of the i node and the j node respectively; gij、Bij、θijRespectively the conductance and susceptance of the power distribution network line and the phase angle difference of the two ends;
3) line transmission power constraint
Pl≤Plmax (11)
In the formula PlIs the active power transmitted on line l; plmaxThe maximum value of the transmission power on line i.
And 4.2: establishing a lower layer model, and optimizing the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch; the lower layer model is the optimal arrangement of the reactive power compensation device and the section switch by a power distribution network company. Distribution network companies need to reduce reactive power compensation equipment and section switch cost, reduce network loss and reduce power failure loss.
The objective function of the underlying model is as follows
maxF＝Fl+Fc-Fq-Fk (12)
F is net income obtained by a power distribution network company after DG is accessed; flThe gains obtained for reducing network loss, i.e. gains obtained by reducing the network loss costs incurred during operation of the distribution network; fcGains obtained for distribution grid companies to reduce outage loss costs; fqThe cost of reactive compensation, namely the equal annual cost of reactive compensation equipment which is invested and installed by a power distribution network company for reducing network loss; fkProtection optimization cost, namely annual cost of section switches and the like installed by the power distribution network for reducing power failure loss.
FlThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Fl＝T·cl·(Pl1-Pl2) (13)
in the formula clLine loss cost per system unit; pl1The total grid loss of the system before the DG is not connected to the grid; p isl2The total system loss after the DG is connected to the grid; t is 8760.
FcThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002494141360000081
in the formula FcThe benefits brought by power failure loss are recovered after the DG is merged into the power distribution network; k is the number of DGs arranged by a distributed power supply developer, and the value of K in the embodiment is 2; pkLoad capacity of island regions formed by switches after the grid connection of the Kth DG is achieved; y iscThe comprehensive power failure loss cost of unit load; m iskThe number of all series lines between an island region containing a DG at the kth position and a main network access point is set; lambda [ alpha ]iThe mean annual fault frequency of the ith line in the power distribution network system is calculated; t is tiIs the repair time per failure.
FqThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002494141360000082
in the formula cqThe cost required to install a unit capacity of reactive compensation equipment for a distribution network company; qwThe capacity of reactive compensation equipment is installed at the ith node; n is the service life of the reactive compensation equipment; r is the current rate; alpha is the percentage of the annual operation maintenance cost of the reactive compensation equipment to the initial investment cost.
FkThe calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002494141360000083
in the formula NkThe number of switches installed for the distribution network company; c. CkThe cost of a single switch; r is the discount rate; n is the service life of the switch; beta is the percentage of annual operation and maintenance cost of the section switch to the initial investment cost.
The lower layer model constraint conditions comprise:
1) flow constraints
Figure BDA0002494141360000091
Figure BDA0002494141360000092
2) Node voltage constraint
Uimin≤Ui≤Uimax (19)
4) Reactive power compensator installation capacity constraints
0≤Qw≤Qmax (20)
In the formula: qmaxFor allowing reactive compensation at node iThe device has the maximum idle output.
And 5: and solving the distributed power supply double-layer planning model by adopting a genetic algorithm, and obtaining the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply, the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch as shown in fig. 4.
In the embodiment, the maximum grid-connected capacity of the DG is 2MW, and the maximum installation capacity of the reactive power compensation device is 2 MVar.
The network loss sensitivity value of each node obtained by solving through the network loss sensitivity method is shown in fig. 6. So the 17, 16, 15, 32 nodes are taken as candidate installation positions of the distributed power supply; and taking the nodes 32, 31, 30 and 17 as candidate installation positions of the reactive power compensation device.
After the candidate installation position set is determined, the DG, the section switch and the reactive power compensation device are optimized and planned by the double-layer planning model. In order to embody the advantages of the joint optimization of the DG, the sectionalizing switch and the reactive power compensation device, the following four planning schemes are constructed in the embodiment for comparison:
scheme 1: only DG is planned and configured;
scheme 2: planning and configuring a DG and a section switch;
scheme 3: planning and configuring a DG and a reactive power compensation device;
scheme 4: DG. The reactive compensation device and the section switch are jointly optimized;
the results of the planning configuration under different scenarios are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 planning results in different scenarios
Figure BDA0002494141360000101
As can be seen from table 1, scheme 4, whether it is compared to scheme 1, scheme 2 or scheme 3, yields of DG generators and distribution networks increase a lot. Compared with schemes 2 and 3, the income of DG generators is respectively increased by 38.09% and 20.83%, and the income of distribution network companies is respectively increased by 52.91% and 16.37%; because the reactive power compensation device is installed, the network loss is greatly reduced by 30.39 percent compared with the scheme 2; compared with the scheme 3, the network loss is slightly increased, but the grid-connected capacity of the DGs is greatly increased, because the section switches are installed for island division, the network loss is slightly increased due to the increase of the DG capacity, but a large amount of power failure loss cost can be reduced, so that a power distribution network company is more willing to consume the DGs to increase the profit. Therefore, the DG, the sectional switch and the reactive compensation device are jointly optimized and configured, so that the DG can be better consumed by the power distribution network.
In scenario 4, the curves of the DG generator, the distribution grid company and the total net profit value of both as the DG access capacity changes are shown in fig. 7.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. The distributed power supply double-layer planning method is characterized in that double-layer planning models of power generators and power distribution network companies are established, and the installation position and the capacity of a distributed power supply are optimized through an upper layer model; the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch are optimized through a lower layer model, the reasonable arrangement of the distributed power supply, the reactive power compensation device and the section switch in the power distribution network is realized through a double-layer planning model, the distributed power supply double-layer planning method comprises the following steps,
step 1: analyzing each node of the power distribution system by a network loss sensitivity method to obtain the sensitivity of the network loss to the active power and the reactive power of each node;
step 2: arranging nodes of the power distribution system in a descending order according to the size of the network loss sensitivity, and selecting the nodes at the front in the sequence as candidate installation positions of the distributed power supply and the reactive power compensation device;
and step 3: dividing a support island region of a distributed power supply for a load by adopting an island region division method, and determining a candidate installation position of a section switch;
and 4, step 4: establishing a distributed power supply double-layer planning model;
step 4.1: establishing an upper layer model, and optimizing the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply;
step 4.2: establishing a lower layer model, and optimizing the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch;
and 5: solving the distributed power supply double-layer planning model to obtain the installation position and capacity of the distributed power supply, the installation position and capacity of the reactive power compensation device and the installation position of the section switch;
the objective function of the upper model is as follows:
max Y＝Ys-Yt-Ym
wherein Y is the net profit of the DG power generator, and when the value is positive, the profit can be obtained, and when the value is negative, the loss can be obtained; y issThe income is obtained by trading the electric energy between the DG power generator and the power distribution network company; y istIs the initial investment cost, i.e., the cost of installing a DG; y ismThe operating maintenance cost for the DGs;
Ysis calculated as follows
Figure FDA0003661824230000011
In the formula csUnit electricity price for DG selling electricity; t issThe maximum utilization hours per year for DG; piThe installation capacity of the DG at the i node is defined; n is a radical ofDGInstalling a node set for the DG;
Ytis calculated as follows
Figure FDA0003661824230000012
In the formula nDGIs the age of the DG; r is the current rate; c. CtThe cost required to install a unit capacity DG;
Ymis as follows
Figure FDA0003661824230000021
In the formula cmThe operation and maintenance cost required by DG unit power generation amount;
the constraints of the upper layer model include:
1) DG installation capacity limit
0≤Pi≤Pimax
In the formula PimaxThe capacity upper limit which can be installed at the i node is DG;
2) flow restraint
Figure FDA0003661824230000022
Figure FDA0003661824230000023
Wherein j belongs to i and represents that the node j is directly connected with the node i; pg、QgRespectively injecting active power and reactive power for the main network; p isl、QlThe active power demand and the reactive power demand of the load of the power distribution network are respectively; qsThe reactive power output of the reactive power compensation device at the node s; n is the number of nodes for installing the reactive compensation device; u shapei、UjThe voltage amplitudes of the i node and the j node are respectively; gij、Bij、θijRespectively the conductance and susceptance of the power distribution network line and the phase angle difference of the two ends;
3) line transmission power constraints
Pl≤Plmax
In the formula PlIs the active power transmitted on line l; p islmaxThe maximum value of the transmission power on the line l;
the objective function of the underlying model is as follows:
max F＝Fl+Fc-Fq-Fk
f is net income obtained by a power distribution network company after DG is accessed; flGains obtained for reducing network losses, i.e. gains obtained by reducing network loss costs incurred in the operation of the distribution network; fcGains obtained for distribution grid companies to reduce outage loss costs; fqThe cost of reactive compensation, namely the equal annual cost of reactive compensation equipment which is invested and installed by a power distribution network company for reducing network loss; fkProtection optimization cost, namely annual cost of investment and installation of section switches of the power distribution network for reducing power failure loss;
Flthe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Fl＝T·cl·(Pl1-Pl2)
in the formula clLine loss cost per system unit; p isl1The total grid loss of the system before the DG is not connected to the grid; pl2The total system loss after DG grid connection is obtained; t is 8760;
Fcthe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003661824230000031
in the formula FcThe benefits brought by power failure loss are recovered after the DG is merged into the power distribution network; k is the number of DGs arranged by the distributed power supply developer; p iskLoad capacity of island regions formed by switches respectively after the grid connection of a Kth DG; y iscThe comprehensive power failure loss cost of unit load; m is a unit ofkThe number of all series lines between an island region containing a DG at the kth position and a main network access point is set; lambda [ alpha ]hThe average annual fault frequency of the h line in the power distribution network system is obtained; t is thThe repair time for each failure;
Fqthe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003661824230000032
in the formula cqThe cost required to install reactive compensation equipment of unit capacity for a distribution network company; qwsThe capacity of reactive compensation equipment is installed at the s-th node; n is a radical of an alkyl radicalQThe service life of the reactive compensation equipment is prolonged; r is the discount rate; alpha is the percentage of annual operation maintenance cost of reactive compensation equipment to initial investment cost;
Fkthe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003661824230000033
in the formula NkThe number of switches installed for the distribution network company; c. CkThe cost of a single switch; r is the discount rate; n is a radical of an alkyl radicalSWIs the service life of the switch; beta is the percentage of the annual operation and maintenance cost of the section switch in the initial investment cost;
the constraints of the underlying model include:
1) flow restraint
Figure FDA0003661824230000041
Figure FDA0003661824230000042
Wherein j belongs to i and represents that the node j is directly connected with the node i; p isg、QgRespectively injecting active power and reactive power for the main network; pl、QlThe active power demand and the reactive power demand of the load of the power distribution network are respectively; qsThe reactive power output of the reactive power compensation device at the node s; n is the number of nodes for installing the reactive compensation device; u shapei、UjThe voltage amplitudes of the i node and the j node are respectively; gij、Bij、θijRespectively the conductance and susceptance of the power distribution network line and the phase angle difference of the two ends;
2) node voltage constraint
Uimin≤Ui≤Uimax
In the formula of Uimin、UimaxVoltage amplitudes U of nodes i respectivelyiUpper and lower limits of (d);
3) reactive power compensator installation capacity constraints
0≤Qs≤Qsmax
In the formula QsmaxThe maximum reactive output of the reactive power compensation device is allowed at the node s.
2. The distributed power supply double-layer planning method according to claim 1, wherein each node of the power distribution system is analyzed by a network loss sensitivity method, and the expression of the network loss of the power distribution system is as follows:
Ploss＝PTCTRCP+QTCTRCQ
p, Q are the active power and reactive power of each node respectively; c is an inverse matrix of the node-branch correlation matrix; r is the impedance of each branch circuit;
the active sensitivity of the network loss to each node is
Figure FDA0003661824230000043
Reactive sensitivity of network loss to each node is
Figure FDA0003661824230000044
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