CN111651168A - Operating system customization method oriented to cloud native application scene - Google Patents
Operating system customization method oriented to cloud native application scene Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an operating system customizing method facing to a cloud native application scene, which comprises a basic environment customizing phase and an operating system deploying customizing phase, wherein the basic environment customizing phase comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of basic operating system customization and software warehouse customization facing to cloud native application scenes, wherein the operating system deployment customization stage comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of partition customization, software pre-installation customization and system startup item customization. The method solves the problems of low efficiency and poor flexibility of the conventional operating system customization method on the Shenwei platform, can meet the operation requirement of the cloud native application, realizes the batch deployment and the rapid customization of the operating system based on the Shenwei platform, and powerfully supports the requirements of continuous delivery and automatic capacity expansion of the cloud native application scene.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an operating system customization method oriented to a cloud native application scene, and belongs to the field of Linux operating system customization.
Background
Pivotal is a Cloud native application presenter, and a Pivotal Cloud foundation Cloud native application platform and a Spring open source Java development framework are introduced to become a pioneer and a pathfinder in a Cloud native application architecture. Pivotal considers cloud-native as a method for building and running applications that take full advantage of the advantages of cloud computing models. In 2015, Google dominates the establishment of cloud-native computing foundation (CNCF), which considers that cloud-native technology is beneficial to the establishment and operation of elastically extensible applications of various organizations in novel dynamic environments such as public cloud, private cloud and mixed cloud. Representative technologies of cloud-native include containers, service grids, microservices, immutable infrastructure, and declarative APIs. The cloud native application is an application suitable for the characteristics of cloud computing, and a cloud native application system does not depend on a bottom layer software and hardware platform or a certain cloud platform. Cloud-native applications were designed from the outset to run in the cloud, whether a private cloud or a public cloud. Three main features of cloud native applications: containerization, dynamic management and microservice.
In the global operating system market, the Linux operating system occupies most of the server market, and has obvious advantages in the fields of mobile phones, embedded type and the like. In our country, Linux is widely used as an upstream basic operating system in a domestic operating system oriented to a domestic hardware platform.
The general operating system can meet the application scene requirements of most servers. For special purpose servers, such as databases, web services, etc., a special customized version of the Linux operating system is typically provided. Such operating systems are typically tailored based on a standard version, removing unwanted software and drivers, such as graphics applications; a software suite, such as database software or web services software, meeting the requirements is pre-installed.
At present, a server operating system based on a domestic Shenwei CPU is constructed by adopting a basic compiler and a tool chain of a Shenwei platform. Due to the particularity of the domestic Shenwei architecture, a large number of basic tools need to be transplanted in the construction process, and the Shenwei hardware platform characteristics need to be adapted. Therefore, not only needs to meet the requirements of special fields, but also needs to closely combine the characteristics of the Shenwei architecture.
Disclosure of Invention
The operating system customizing method for the cloud native application scene can meet the operation requirement of the cloud native application, realizes batch deployment and rapid customization of the operating system based on the Shenwei platform, and powerfully supports the requirements of continuous delivery and automatic capacity expansion of the cloud native application scene.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an operating system customization method facing to cloud native application scenes comprises a basic environment customization phase and an operating system deployment customization phase, wherein,
the base environment customization phase comprises the following steps:
customizing a basic operating system, namely creating a minimum system, defining a minimum tool set based on a cloud native application scene, simplifying a kernel, simplifying a file system, and adjusting and optimizing system parameters according to the cloud native application scene;
customizing a software warehouse facing to a cloud native application scene, wherein the software warehouse comprises an operating system software package warehouse and a cloud native application container mirror image warehouse, and the types, versions and quantity of software in the operating system software package warehouse and container mirror images in the cloud native application container mirror image warehouse are configured according to the cloud native application scene;
the operating system deployment customization phase comprises the following steps:
and (3) partition customization: customizing a partition scheme to enable the customized partition to meet the stable operation requirement of an operating system and the operation requirement of the cloud native application;
software pre-installation and customization: customizing a pre-installed software set deployed by an operating system according to different cloud native application scenes;
customizing a system starting item: the system start-up item is configured so that services required by the cloud native application are self-started with the operating system.
The further improved scheme in the technical scheme is as follows:
1. in the foregoing solution, the basic operating system customizing step further includes: creating a minimized system, closing optional and recommended automatic installation of software packages, defining a software set of the minimized system according to customization requirements, customizing and streamlining kernels, customizing and streamlining file systems, checking dependencies, and optimizing the system.
2. In the above scheme, the operating system software package repository is customized according to the following steps: and determining software included in an operating system software package warehouse according to the requirements of the cloud native application scene, wherein the operating system software package warehouse is managed by adopting an independent software package server or cloud service.
3. In the above scheme, the container mirror repository is customized according to the following steps: and determining a software set included in a container mirror image warehouse according to the requirements of the cloud native application scene, wherein the container mirror image warehouse is managed by adopting an independent container mirror image server or cloud service.
4. In the above scheme, the partition customization includes the following steps: and (4) independently partitioning the important directory of the operating system, and setting the default storage path of the container to be/var/lib/directory.
5. In the above scheme, the software pre-installation customization comprises the following steps: according to the requirements of the cloud native application scene, customizing the operating system preinstalled software and the container mirror image, respectively pulling the customized operating system preinstalled software and the customized container mirror image from the software package warehouse and the container mirror image warehouse, and respectively deploying the operating system preinstalled software and the customized container mirror image in each cluster node.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention relates to an operating system customizing method facing to a cloud native application scene, which separates complicated operating system basic environment customizing and flexible operating system deployment customizing, pays attention to system stability, safety and performance in a basic environment customizing stage, defines and constructs a basic system and a software warehouse facing to the cloud native application scene, and customizes kernel and system service according to an application scene from a minimum system instead of cutting from a standard operating system, thereby simplifying the customizing complexity and avoiding the problems of missing deletion, wrong deletion and the like; in the deployment customization stage, the scene requirement and large-scale automation are concerned, an operating system deployment network is established, container mirror deployment and software warehouse customization are added, the rapid customization of the operating system and the batch installation of software are realized in a network installation mode, the operation requirement of a modern cloud platform is met, the customized large-scale batch expansion of cluster physical nodes can be realized, and the system layer resource support required by the cloud native application of different scenes can be provided; the method solves the problems of low efficiency and poor flexibility of the conventional operating system customization method on the Shenwei platform, can meet the operation requirement of the cloud native application, realizes batch deployment and rapid customization of the operating system based on the Shenwei platform, and powerfully supports the requirements of continuous delivery and automatic capacity expansion of the cloud native application scene.
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FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an operating system customization method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an operating system customization process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, the operating system customization method for the cloud-native application scenario of the present invention includes a base environment customization phase and an operating system deployment customization phase, wherein,
the base environment customization phase comprises the following steps:
customizing a basic operating system, namely creating a minimum system, defining a minimum tool set based on a cloud native application scene, simplifying a kernel, simplifying a file system, and adjusting and optimizing system parameters according to the cloud native application scene;
customizing a software warehouse facing to a cloud native application scene, wherein the software warehouse comprises an operating system software package warehouse and a cloud native application container mirror image warehouse, and the types, versions and quantity of software in the operating system software package warehouse and container mirror images in the cloud native application container mirror image warehouse are configured according to the cloud native application scene;
the operating system deployment customization phase comprises the following steps:
and (3) partition customization: customizing a partition scheme to enable the customized partition to meet the stable operation requirement of an operating system and the operation requirement of the cloud native application;
software pre-installation and customization: customizing a pre-installed software set deployed by an operating system according to different cloud native application scenes;
customizing a system starting item: the system start-up item is configured so that services required by the cloud native application are self-started with the operating system.
The following describes a main flow of the operating system customization method for the cloud native application scenario according to the present invention, taking a common application scenario as an example, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the flow. The application scene is as follows: deploying a customized operating system for the existing cluster extension node and accessing kubernets, wherein the flow is as follows:
s1: customizing a basic operating system based on a Shenwei platform, creating a minimum system by utilizing debootstrap, customizing a simplified kernel and a file system, adjusting the upper limit of the process number of the operating system, and pre-installing a docker tool required by cloud native application;
s2: constructing an operating system software warehouse, providing software packages required by container cloud platforms such as kubedm and kubecect, constructing a container mirror image warehouse, and providing a database mysql mirror image, a nginx mirror image and the like;
s3: configuring a network installation server in a network of a node server needing to deploy an operating system, configuring all nodes for network startup, wherein DHCP service and tftp service on the network installation server need to be configured, and deploying files required by the installation of the operating system;
s4: customizing the partitioning scheme of all nodes: setting an independent var partition in a network installation configuration file, setting an LVM (logical volume manager) logical volume for the var partition, and configuring a related encryption scheme;
s5: customizing a software pre-installation scheme: configuring pre-installation auditing software, firewall software, system backup software and the like of each node in a network installation configuration file;
s6: customizing a system start item: configuring operation services after the system is started, for example, configuring and starting automatic joining of a Kubernetes cluster, starting a docker service, automatically acquiring a database application mirror image from a container warehouse, and the like;
s7: deploying an operating system: and starting the network installation of each node server according to the network installation configuration scheme, and deploying the operating system to each node server in batch.
Through the steps, the system components can be customized by the operating system according to the specific requirements of the application scene, and the nodes can be rapidly deployed and the service can be on-line.
The examples are further explained below:
the customization method provided by the invention mainly comprises two customization stages, namely basic environment customization and batch deployment customization.
Firstly, a basic environment customizing stage:
1. customizing a base system based on a Shenwei platform
The default installation of the general server operating system can have a large number of redundant components, the step of customizing the system mainly provides the most basic environment for the whole customizing process, and the customizing of the operating system mainly comprises the following steps:
1.1 creating a minimization System: using debootjump to establish a rootfs of a minimized system, and using a chroma to enter the rootfs of the minimized system;
1.2 optional and recommended automatic installation of the shutdown software package: setting an/etc/APT/apt.conf file in an installed system (if the file is not required to be newly created), adding APT (instruction-Recommendas ' 0 '), and APT (instruction-Surggests ' 0) for removing the automatic installation of optional or recommended software packages;
1.3 defining a software set of a minimized system according to customization requirements, and installing necessary software by using software package management software apt;
1.4 customizing and compacting kernels: the special operating environment of the server determines that the server can delete a plurality of unneeded kernel modules and firmware, uses commands such as lspci-v, lshw and the like to retrieve hardware information, executes make defconfig, make menuconfig and then make Localmodconfig on the basis, and repeatedly applies the latter 2 to achieve the maximum simplification effect, and the step can reserve necessary Raid card drive, network card drive, usb drive and the like, and cuts unneeded wireless network card drive, Bluetooth drive, camera drive and the like; in addition, reference conditions are checked through an lsof command, firmware is manually checked, and the firmware which is not needed by the computer is deleted; the hardware configuration of the server can be well unified during purchasing, and the above processes can be solidified through scripts;
1.5 customizing and streamlining a file system: deleting most of geographic information data such as locale software packages and data, multi-language support, geoip/zoneinfo and the like, and unnecessary man manual software packages; using a journalctl or dmesg command to browse file access information output by a kernel module, and cutting the system through a dynamically used file list;
1.6 checking dependencies: analyzing the dependence condition of a software package occupying a large storage space through apt-cache rdependis and apt-cache dependeds commands, and manually analyzing the dependence to solve the problem of unnecessary software installation caused by weak dependence;
1.7 optimizing system: and modifying the number of the opened files by using ulimit-n, and editing the sysctl.
2. Software warehouse for customizing cloud-native application scene
The software warehouse is divided into an operating system software package warehouse and a cloud native application container mirror image warehouse, the types and the number of software in the software package warehouse and container mirror images in the container mirror image warehouse can be defined according to different scenes, the customized software warehouse is prepared for batch customization and deployment of the operating system of the second stage, and the warehouse customization mainly comprises the following steps:
2.1, obtaining customization requirements through pre-investigation, determining software required to be contained in an operating system software package warehouse according to the customization requirements, building an independent software package server by using niginx or using safe and reliable cloud services, and managing the software warehouse by using repiprro software on the basis;
2.2, similar to the customization of the operating system software package warehouse, defining a software set of the container mirror image warehouse according to customization requirements, and using a hardor to erect an independent mirror image server or using a mainstream cloud service to manage the container mirror image warehouse.
Secondly, a batch deployment customization stage:
the batch deployment customization adopts a configurable network deployment mode (PXE), an operating system is deployed in a cluster node set, and customization is performed according to user requirements in the deployment process. The batch deployment phase mainly comprises the following steps: partition customization, software pre-installation customization and system startup item customization:
1. and (3) partition customization: for the cloud-native oriented application scenario, the server partitions are customized according to specific requirements.
1.1 the important directories (lib, bin, sbin, boot, etc.) of the operating system are partitioned separately, and the file system can be configured in a read-only mode.
1.2 the container is stored in a/var/lib/directory by default, a single partition is configured to conveniently take further data protection measures, and a backup and recovery mechanism built in a docker or a backup and recovery mode of a traditional basic file or a storage snapshot technology and a cloud backup and recovery technology can be adopted.
2. Software pre-installation and customization: and customizing the mirror image of the operating system preinstalled software and the container according to the specific scene of the cloud native application.
The adaptation is performed according to the use of the server cluster, for example, the database cluster can be preloaded with a database image, and the network server can be preloaded with a network application image. Strategies can be customized in the installation stage of the batch operating system, required software and images are pulled from the software warehouse and the container image warehouse customized in the first stage, and cluster nodes with different requirements are deployed at the same time.
3. Customizing a system starting item: and customizing the starting service of the operating system according to the service scene, such as configuring the starting service to be automatically added into a container cluster or actively managed by a cluster management platform, configuring system log management, configuring an audit component and the like. The system startup item customization is realized by configuring a self-starting service mode, such as a method of configuring the self-starting service of system, configuring rc and the like.
Through the two stages, the target systems can be deployed to the cluster nodes in large batch according to requirements through the customized software warehouse and the customized container mirror image warehouse directly based on the basic system.
When the operating system customizing method facing to the cloud native application scene is adopted, the complicated basic environment customizing of the operating system and the flexible operating system deployment customizing are separated, in the basic environment customizing stage, the stability, the safety and the performance of the system are concerned, the basic system and the software warehouse facing to the cloud native application scene are defined and constructed, the kernel and the system service are customized according to the application scene from the minimum system instead of being cut from the standard operating system, the customizing complexity is simplified, and the problems of missing deletion, wrong deletion and the like are avoided; in the deployment customization stage, the scene requirement and large-scale automation are concerned, an operating system deployment network is established, container mirror deployment and software warehouse customization are added, the rapid customization of the operating system and the batch installation of software are realized in a network installation mode, the operation requirement of a modern cloud platform is met, the customized large-scale batch expansion of cluster physical nodes can be realized, and the system layer resource support required by the cloud native application of different scenes can be provided; the method solves the problems of low efficiency and poor flexibility of the conventional operating system customization method on the Shenwei platform, can meet the operation requirement of the cloud native application, realizes batch deployment and rapid customization of the operating system based on the Shenwei platform, and powerfully supports the requirements of continuous delivery and automatic capacity expansion of the cloud native application scene.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An operating system customization method oriented to cloud native application scenes is characterized by comprising a basic environment customization phase and an operating system deployment customization phase, wherein,
the base environment customization phase comprises the following steps:
customizing a basic operating system, namely creating a minimum system, defining a minimum tool set based on a cloud native application scene, simplifying a kernel, simplifying a file system, and adjusting and optimizing system parameters according to the cloud native application scene;
customizing a software warehouse facing to a cloud native application scene, wherein the software warehouse comprises an operating system software package warehouse and a cloud native application container mirror image warehouse, and the types, versions and quantity of software in the operating system software package warehouse and container mirror images in the cloud native application container mirror image warehouse are configured according to the cloud native application scene;
the operating system deployment customization phase comprises the following steps:
and (3) partition customization: customizing a partition scheme to enable the customized partition to meet the stable operation requirement of an operating system and the operation requirement of the cloud native application;
software pre-installation and customization: customizing a pre-installed software set deployed by an operating system according to different cloud native application scenes;
customizing a system starting item: the system start-up item is configured so that services required by the cloud native application are self-started with the operating system.
2. The cloud-native-application-scenario-oriented operating system customization method of claim 1, wherein the base operating system customization step further comprises: creating a minimized system, closing optional and recommended automatic installation of software packages, defining a software set of the minimized system according to customization requirements, customizing and streamlining kernels, customizing and streamlining file systems, checking dependencies, and optimizing the system.
3. The operating system customization method oriented to the cloud-native application scenario of claim 1, wherein the operating system software package repository is customized according to the following steps: and determining software included in an operating system software package warehouse according to the requirements of the cloud native application scene, wherein the operating system software package warehouse is managed by adopting an independent software package server or cloud service.
4. The operating system customization method oriented to the cloud-native application scenario of claim 3, wherein the container mirror repository is customized according to the following steps: and determining a software set included in a container mirror image warehouse according to the requirements of the cloud native application scene, wherein the container mirror image warehouse is managed by adopting an independent container mirror image server or cloud service.
5. The operating system customization method oriented to the cloud-native application scenario according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the partition customization comprises the steps of: and (4) independently partitioning the important directory of the operating system, and setting the default storage path of the container to be/var/lib/directory.
6. The operating system customization method oriented to the cloud-native application scenario of claim 5, wherein the software pre-install customization comprises the steps of: according to the requirements of the cloud native application scene, customizing the operating system preinstalled software and the container mirror image, respectively pulling the customized operating system preinstalled software and the customized container mirror image from the software package warehouse and the container mirror image warehouse, and respectively deploying the operating system preinstalled software and the customized container mirror image in each cluster node.
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| CI02 | Correction of invention patent application | ||
| CI02 | Correction of invention patent application |
Correction item: Applicant|Address|Applicant Correct: WUXI JIANGNAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY|214038 No. 699, Shanshui East Road, Binhu District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province|WUHAN DEEPIN TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. False: WUXI JIANGNAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY|214038 No. 699, Shanshui East Road, Binhu District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province|Wuhan deep Technology Co.,Ltd. Number: 37-02 Volume: 36 Correction item: Applicant|Address|Applicant Correct: WUXI JIANGNAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY|214038 No. 699, Shanshui East Road, Binhu District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province|WUHAN DEEPIN TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. False: WUXI JIANGNAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY|214038 No. 699, Shanshui East Road, Binhu District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province|Wuhan deep Technology Co.,Ltd. Number: 37-02 Page: The title page Volume: 36 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20200911 |