CN111650611B - Common-view time planning method suitable for remote comparison of different types of frequency sources - Google Patents
Common-view time planning method suitable for remote comparison of different types of frequency sources Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
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- G01S19/25—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS
- G01S19/256—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS relating to timing, e.g. time of week, code phase, timing offset
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Abstract
The invention provides a common-view time planning method suitable for remote comparison of different types of frequency sources, which sequentially determines common-view starting time, selects a time variation model suitable for an output signal of a frequency source to be measured according to prior knowledge of the frequency source, primarily determines parameters of the frequency source model, calculates the output variation of the frequency source to be measured along with time, determines an optimal tracking period value and calculates the starting time of any tracking period. The invention can design the tracking period matched with the frequency sources according to the performance characteristics of different frequency sources so as to adapt to the time change requirement of measuring the frequency sources at a long distance and with high precision, provide support for keeping the frequency sources of each station synchronous, reduce the use condition of the satellite common-view technology and improve the usability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of time-frequency high-precision transmission, in particular to a common-view time planning method.
Background
The GPS satellite common view technology is one of the main methods for long-distance time comparison at present, and the uncertainty of the comparison can reach several nanoseconds. The basic principle is that any two places use a satellite clock as a common reference source, observe signals of the same navigation satellite at the same time, measure the deviation between local time and satellite clock time, then exchange data between the two places and subtract the data, and can offset common errors including the satellite clock on two propagation paths, thereby obtaining the relative deviation between the two places in time.
The GPS common-view time transfer method is proposed by D.W.Allan and C.Thomas in 1980, 1993 international time frequency Consulting Committee (CCTF) sets up a GPS common-view equipment software technology standard for standardizing the application of the GPS common-view method in TAI time comparison, and then sets up a GPS/GLONASS common-view related technology standard, 2006 CCTF combines the progress of the current navigation satellite common-view technology, and proposes to modify a common-view observation file format to the international committee so as to contain observation results of multiple systems.
The current GPS co-visibility standard data FORMATs are GGTTS GPS DATA FORMAT and CGGTTS-Version 2E, as established by the BIPM host, where the parameters associated with the co-visibility schedule are MJD and STTIME.
MJD: indicating the starting date (referenced to UTC) of the tracked satellite and the reduced julian day in 5-digit numbers. Julian Day (Julian Day) is a continuous long-term Day-of-the-Day method, denoted JD. The calculation days are recorded as one month and one day of the Confucian calendar from the afternoon of 4713 years before the lunar union of the world time, and the accumulation is carried out every day, so that the method is a common representation method for time in astronomy. The Julian date (Modified Julian Day) MJD is defined as MJD JD-2400000.5.
STTIME: indicating the start time of tracking the satellite (hours, minutes, seconds referenced to UTC).
The basic arrangement rule of the common view timetable is as follows: taking 0 point, 0 hour and 2 minutes on 1 day of 10 months and 1 in 1997 as starting points, each common-view tracking cycle is 16 minutes, wherein the first 2 minutes is preparation time, the last minute is observation time, the last minute is data calculation time, 89 common-view tracking segments of 16 minutes are included each day, in the observation period of each tracking cycle, 13 minutes are continuously tracked, once per second is observed, 780 data are observed for 13 minutes, the processing result of each common-view observation data is marked by the time of the first observation of the common-view observation data, the observation date adopts reduced julian day number, the time adopts UTC time, minutes and seconds for marking, the starting time of each day tracking observation is 4 minutes earlier than the previous day, and the purpose is mainly to be consistent with the sidereal time of the GPS satellite operation cycle, so that the satellites tracked by the common-view observation each day can be repeated.
The common view time calculation formula is as follows:
on day MJD 50722, the starting time of the 13 minute observation period is calculated as follows:
time _ ref (i) 00h02m00s + (i-1) × 16, where i ranges from [1,89]
The starting time calculation formula for the 13 minute observation period on any date is as follows:
time (i) -Time _ ref (i) -4 minutes x (MJD-50722), where 50722 is the reduced julian day corresponding to UTC Time 1997, 10/1.
According to the related content of the common-view time table and data processing in the current GNSS common-view standard CGGTTS-Version 2E, one-time common-view tracking lasts for 16 minutes, 780 observation data are subjected to multiple fitting to generate a clock error test result, and the method is more suitable for testing frequency sources with higher stability and accuracy. Taking a frequency source with the frequency accuracy of 5e-12 as an example, the time variation of the frequency source in a 16-minute tracking period is 4.8ns, and if the stability of the frequency source is also in the order of e-12, the fluctuation condition of the frequency source in one tracking period is hardly reflected by a test result, and thus the performance of the frequency source cannot be accurately evaluated. Therefore, the common view period of the current common view standard is only suitable for frequency sources with stability and accuracy superior to e-12 magnitude, and for frequency sources with accuracy or stability below e-12 magnitude, such as rubidium atomic clock or constant temperature crystal oscillator and other types, the common view comparison of a tracking period of 16 minutes is adopted, so that the test requirement is difficult to meet.
With the continuous increase of high-precision time synchronization application scenes, the time synchronization requirements of various applications including the communication field are improved to a nanosecond level, but an atomic clock with the accuracy of e-12 level is difficult to be widely used due to the price of tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands, a low-cost frequency source has poor accuracy and stability indexes, if a satellite is applied to commonly view inter-station time comparison, a measurement result can be updated every 16 minutes, and the inter-station time nanosecond synchronization is difficult to realize, so that the comparison of the existing standard commonly view technology to the low-cost frequency source is not applicable, and a new solution is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a common-view time planning method suitable for remote comparison of different types of frequency sources, which can design a tracking period matched with the performance characteristics of the different frequency sources according to the performance characteristics of the different frequency sources so as to adapt to the time change requirement of measuring the frequency sources at a long distance and with high precision, provide support for keeping synchronization among the frequency sources of each station, reduce the use condition of a satellite common-view technology and improve the usability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
step one, determining common view starting time, which is expressed by UTC time;
step two, selecting a time change model of an output signal as the tested frequency source with the aging rate larger than 1e-17
For the frequency source to be measured with the aging rate of 1e-17 or less, selecting a time variation model of the output signal as T (t) ═ a + bt, wherein a represents the initial time deviation of the frequency source output signal to be measured and a reference signal, b is the time deviation variation rate of the frequency source output signal, and c is the aging rate of the frequency source;
step three, when the frequency source model parameters are determined for the first time, making a equal to 0, using the frequency accuracy or frequency deviation quantity known by the measured frequency source as the value of b, and making c equal to 0;
step four, according to the frequency source parameters a, b and c of step three, the time parameter T is NxT b Wherein, T b 15s, which represents a tracking basic period unit, wherein N is an integer and represents a tracking period multiple; determining a value range of N in which 5ns < T (T) < 20ns is satisfied in combination with the calculated time difference value T (T) result, and substituting the result into an equation T of N × T b Calculating the minimum value t of the tracking period candidate interval g(min) And maximum value t g(max) ；
Step five, taking the value of N as a simultaneous order three formula
Maximum integer of all, corresponding T' cv ＝N×T b Namely, the tracking period of single common view measurement is determined in the stage of determining the tracking period for the first time;
step six, obtaining T' cv Assigning to tracking period value T cv Calculating the start time of any tracking period
t cv (i)＝T 0 +T cv ×i，i＝1，2，3，.....
T 0 Indicating a start time of the common view observation, i indicating that the tracking period is the several tracking periods from the start time;
so far, the start time of the common view time table, the tracking period, and the start time of any tracking period have all been determined.
The common-view initial time is zero minute and zero second at zero time of any date, and a new file is generated every 24 hours by the common-view observation data file.
When in useWhen the scene has a definite time comparison requirement with the expected range, the step is executed between the step four and the step five: calculating an expected tracking period according to the application requirement of the long-distance time comparison of the frequency source
Where TD represents the expected difference between the two frequency sources in the long-distance time comparison determined by the demand, and thus the maximum value of the two-place time deviation for realizing time synchronization, b A And b B Representing the frequencies of the two frequency sources a and B respectively involved in the test.
After the fifth step, if the aging rate parameter of the measured frequency source is known, executing the step: and taking the frequency deviation of the measured frequency source as a parameter b and a frequency aging rate c, and calculating to obtain T 'in the fifth step' cv As a time parameter, the value of T (t) is calculated, if the equation can still be satisfied
If yes, determining the optimal tracking period as T cv ＝T’ cv (ii) a Otherwise, judging according to conditions, if T (T) is less than or equal to 5ns, increasing the value of N by one, then switching to the step five for checking calculation, if yes, continuing to execute, otherwise, continuing to increase the value of the parameter N, repeating the step five until the step meets the requirements, and determining the optimal tracking period as T cv ＝T’ cv (ii) a If T (T) is more than or equal to 20ns, reducing the value of N by one, then transferring to the step five for checking calculation, if yes, continuing to execute, otherwise, continuing to reduce the value of the parameter N, repeating the step five until the step meets the requirement, and determining the optimal tracking period as T cv ＝T’ cv 。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the common-view timetable can be flexibly configured according to the requirement of the application scene on the time synchronization performance (comprising the common-view starting time in the step one and the TD value in the step five, the common-view starting time can be determined according to the user requirement, and the value of the TD value is determined according to the time synchronization performance of the application scene), so that the high-precision time synchronization requirement is met;
(2) the tracking period can be determined according to the performance condition of the frequency source to be detected and the optimal selection principle of the common-view timetable, so that the high-precision measurement and evaluation of the performance of the frequency source are realized, and the method is particularly suitable for the frequency source with poor performance such as accuracy, stability and the like;
(3) the common-view timetable is irrelevant to the satellite orbit period, the ephemeris updating period and the like, and can be applied to any satellite navigation system, so that the satellite common-view comparison is carried out, the application range is expanded, and the availability of the satellite common-view is improved;
(4) continuous and gapless tracking periods of the common-view timetable are continuous, and compared with the existing standard, the common-view timetable has a 3-minute tracking gap, more available observation data are provided, and the reliability of an observation result is improved;
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a common view time planning method suitable for requirements of remote comparison and time difference measurement of different types of frequency sources, and mainly solves the following problems:
1) the usability of the common-view technology is improved, so that the common-view technology can meet the long-distance time comparison requirements of more types of frequency sources;
2) the problem of long-distance time high-precision comparison of non-high-performance frequency sources is solved, and the long-distance and high-precision time comparison can be realized through satellite co-view similarly to frequency sources such as a crystal oscillator, a chip atomic clock, a rubidium atomic clock and the like;
3) the common-view tracking period can be freely selected according to requirements, and support is provided for obtaining a test result more quickly;
4) each time parameter of the common-view timetable is mainly related to factors such as the performance of a measured frequency source, the real-time requirement of a user on a time difference measurement result, the precision of the measurement result and the like, and is unrelated to a satellite orbit period, an ephemeris updating period and the like, so that the common-view timetable can be applied to all visible satellite navigation systems including Beidou, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and the like; the method can adapt to the comparison among frequency sources with different performances, and therefore, the method can be used for the remote comparison among the frequency sources with the accuracy better than that of e-9 magnitude.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a common-view time planning method suitable for remote comparison of different types of frequency sources, a flexible and repeatable common-view time table is designed, the requirement of nanosecond-level time comparison application of diversified frequency sources is met, and support is provided for high-precision and remote comparison of common-performance frequency sources.
The invention mainly comprises a method for calculating the common-view tracking period by combining the measured frequency source performance and the application requirement.
The invention comprises the following contents:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the common-view starting time, wherein the common-view starting time is represented by UTC time, the default starting time is zero-minute zero-second of zero time of any date (wherein the 'time' can be specified by special requirements of users and is any integer of 0-23 hours), the common-view starting time determines the generation starting time of the common-view observation data file, and a new file is generated every 24 hours by the common-view observation data file;
step two: selecting a time variation model suitable for the output signal of the tested frequency source from the equations (1) and (2) according to the prior knowledge of the frequency source:
T(t)＝a+bt (2)
wherein a represents the initial time deviation of the measured frequency source output signal from the reference signal, b is the time deviation change rate of the frequency source output signal, generally representing the frequency deviation of the measured frequency source from the standard or reference source, and c is the change rate of the frequency deviation, generally regarded as the aging rate of the frequency source; the aging rate is generally considered to be relatively significant for aging rates greater than 1e-17, and equation (2) is selected for frequency sources without significant aging rates, such as cesium clock, rubidium clock, and equation (1) is selected for crystal oscillators with significant aging;
step three: the primary determination method of the frequency source model parameters comprises the following steps:
and (4) determining values of the parameters a, b and c (when the model selects the formula (2), the value of c does not need to be calculated) by using the historical time difference measurement data T (t) of the frequency source according to the time change model determined in the step two. Determining operation requirements according to a tracking period, and determining parameters in two stages of primary determination and feasibility rechecking;
the method mainly concerns the variation of a certain time period in the estimation of the time variation parameter, so that the initial time deviation does not influence the result, and therefore, a is 0;
the known frequency accuracy or frequency deviation amount of a measured frequency source is used as frequency deviation and is used as the value of the parameter b of the formula (1) or (2);
the value of the parameter c can be ignored in the primary determination stage, namely c is set to 0;
step four: calculating the output variation T (t) of the frequency source to be detected along with time according to the frequency deviation parameter b of the frequency source to be detected obtained in the step three, aiming at determining the range of the available tracking period, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
substituting the frequency source parameters a, b and c in the step three into the formula (1), wherein the value of the time parameter t in the formula (1) follows the formula (3):
t＝N×T b (3)
in the formula (3), T b 15s represents a tracking basic period unit, N is an integer and represents a tracking period multiple, the value range is 1-80,
determining the value range of N for making 5ns less than T (t) less than 20ns according to the time difference T (t) result obtained by calculation in the combination formula (1), and calculating the minimum value t of the candidate value interval of the tracking period in the following formula (3) g(min) And a maximum value t g(max) ；
Step five: if the usage scenario has a definite time comparison requirement with the expected range, the step is executed, otherwise, the step is skipped.
Calculating an expected tracking period according to the application requirement of the long-distance time comparison of the frequency source, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein TD represents an expected difference value of two frequency sources in long-distance time comparison determined by requirements (the value range of TD satisfies 5-20 ns), thereby realizing the maximum value of two-place time deviation of time synchronization, b A And b B Respectively representing the frequencies of two frequency sources A and B participating in the test；
Step six: and D, determining an optimal tracking period value by combining the step four and the step five.
In view of the technical characteristics of satellite common view comparison, random measurement noise exists in signals transmitted by radio waves, and the influence of the random measurement noise is smaller when the tracking period is longer and the influence of the random measurement noise is smaller under the condition that a measured frequency source is stable enough, so that the value of N is the maximum integer which makes the following three formulas true simultaneously:
corresponding T' cv ＝N×T b Namely, the tracking period of single common view measurement is determined in the stage of determining the tracking period for the first time; step seven: if the aging rate parameter of the measured frequency source is known, executing the step, and performing tracking cycle review, otherwise, skipping the step and entering the step eight.
Substituting the frequency deviation of the measured frequency source into the corresponding parameter item of the formula (1) as the parameter b and the frequency aging rate c, and calculating to obtain T 'by applying the sixth step' cv Calculating the value of T (T) in the formula (1) as a time parameter, and if the formula (6) can be satisfied, determining the optimal tracking period as T cv ＝T’ cv ；
If the formula (6) does not work, judging according to conditions, if T (T) is less than or equal to 5ns, increasing the value of N by one, then transferring to the step six for checking calculation, if yes, continuing to execute, otherwise, continuing to increase the value of the parameter N, repeating the step six until the step seven meets the requirements, and determining that the optimal tracking period is T cv ＝T’ cv ；
If the formula (6) does not work, judging according to conditions, if T (t) is more than or equal to 20ns, reducing the value of N by one, then switching to the step six for checking, if yes, continuing to execute, otherwise, continuing to reduce the value of the parameter N, repeating the step six until the step seven meets the requirements, and determining the optimal heelTrace period of T cv ＝T’ cv ；
Step eight: tracking period value T obtained according to the step seven cv If the condition that the seventh step does not satisfy is not executed, the T 'obtained in the sixth step is used' cv Is assigned to T cv Calculating the start time of any tracking period:
the starting time calculation formula for each tracking period is as follows:
t cv (i)＝T 0 +T cv ×i，i＝1，2，3，.....(5)
the common view schedule is repeated every 24 hours, T 0 The starting time of the common-view observation every day is represented, the UTC time of one zero-minute zero-second can be randomly specified, and the default zero-minute zero-second of zero can also be used as the starting time; i indicates that the tracking period is the next tracking period from the start time;
so far, the starting time of the co-view schedule, the tracking period and the starting time of any tracking period are all determined, namely, the key elements of the co-view schedule can be all determined by the method of the invention.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The two rubidium atomic clocks with the accuracy of 2E-11 and the aging rate of 6.3E-18/s are respectively reference clocks of a place A and a place B, and because a system of the place A and the place B needs to work cooperatively, the time of the rubidium atomic clocks needs to be kept synchronous (the deviation of the time of the place A and the place B is required to be less than 10ns), at the moment, the common-view time planning method can be applied, the common-view comparison is carried out, and the operation flow is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a common-view starting time, wherein UTC time is used as the representation, the starting time is defined as zero minutes and zero seconds of zero time of any date (wherein time can be specified by special requirements of users and is any integer from 0 to 23 hours), and the common-view starting time is repeated every 24 hours;
step two: selecting a time variation model of a rubidium clock frequency source output signal:
where a represents the initial deviation of the frequency source output signal from the reference signal, b is the rate of change of the time deviation of the frequency source output signal, typically representing the frequency deviation of the frequency source from a standard or reference, and c is the rate of change of the slope, typically considered the aging rate of the frequency source.
Step three: model parameter determination for frequency sources:
according to the model of equation (1), the parameter b of equation (1) is taken to be 2e-11 by using the known frequency accuracy or frequency deviation amount of the measured frequency source, and the parameter a can be taken to be 0 in view of the fact that the change of the estimated frequency source in a certain period of time does not relate to the initial deviation, and the value of the parameter c is determined by the finally determined tracking period time length, and when the caused time change exceeds the expected time change, the parameter cannot be zero, otherwise the parameter is zero;
step four: determining the application range of the tracking period, bringing the accuracy of the frequency source into the formula (1), wherein the parameters b are 2e-11, c is 0, and then calculating the minimum value t of the candidate value interval of the tracking period by the formula (2) g(min) 250s and a maximum value t g(max) ＝500s；
Step five: calculating the expected tracking period according to the application requirement, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
step six: combining the fourth step with the fifth step, calculating a tracking period T 'meeting the requirement of the formula (4)' cv 495s, corresponding N-33, T' cv The tracking period is obtained in the stage of primarily determining the tracking period;
step seven: substituting the aging rate c of the known frequency source to be measured to be 6.3E-18/s and the frequency accuracy b to be 2-11/s into the formula (1) to obtain T (T) to be (9.9E-9+7.7E-13) s, namely, the time change caused by the aging rate is far less than the nanosecond order, and substituting T (T) into the formula (5) is still true, so that the optimal tracking period T is determined cv ＝T’ cv ＝495s。
Step eight: and e, calculating the starting time of any tracking period according to the tracking period value obtained in the step seven:
the starting time calculation formula for each tracking period is as follows:
T(i)＝T 0 +495×i,i＝1,2,3,.....(3)
the common view schedule is repeated every 24 hours, T 0 Representing the starting time of each day of the co-view observation, using the default zero hour, zero minutes and zero seconds; i indicates that the tracking period is the next tracking period from the start time.
So far, the starting time of the common view schedule, the tracking period and the starting time of any tracking period are all determined, and the determination of the key elements of the common view schedule is completed.
Claims (4)
1. A common-view time planning method suitable for remote comparison of different types of frequency sources is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a common view starting time represented by UTC time;
step two, selecting a time change model of an output signal as the tested frequency source with the aging rate larger than 1e-17
For the frequency source to be measured with the aging rate of 1e-17 or less, selecting a time variation model of the output signal as T (t) ═ a + bt, wherein a represents the initial time deviation of the frequency source output signal to be measured and a reference signal, b is the time deviation variation rate of the frequency source output signal, and c is the aging rate of the frequency source;
step three, when the frequency source model parameters are determined for the first time, making a equal to 0, using the frequency accuracy or frequency deviation quantity known by the measured frequency source as the value of b, and making c equal to 0;
step four, according to the frequency source parameters a, b and c of step three, the time parameter T is N multiplied by T b Wherein, T b 15s, which represents a tracking basic period unit, and N is an integer and represents a tracking period multiple; determining that making 5ns < T (t) < 20ns holds in conjunction with the calculated moveout value T (t) resultN, then substituting the formula T as N × T b Calculating the minimum value t of the tracking period candidate interval g(min) And maximum value t g(max) ；
Step five, taking the value of N as a simultaneous order three formula
Maximum integer of all, corresponding T' cv ＝N×T b Namely the tracking period t of the single common vision measurement in the stage of the initial determination of the tracking period p Is the desired tracking period;
step six, obtaining T' cv Assigning to tracking period value T cv Calculating the start time of any tracking period
t cv (i)＝T 0 +T cv ×i，i＝1，2，3，.....
T0 denotes the start time of the co-view observation, i denotes that the tracking period is the second tracking period from the start time; so far, the start time of the common view time table, the tracking period, and the start time of any tracking period have all been determined.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the common-view initial time is zero minute and zero second at zero time of any date, and a new file is generated every 24 hours by the common-view observation data file.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: when the use scene has a definite time ratio required for the expected range, the step is executed between the step four and the step five: calculating an expected tracking period according to the application requirement of the long-distance time comparison of the frequency source
Wherein TD represents the expected difference of long-distance time comparison between two frequency sources determined by demand, thereby realizing two time synchronizationMaximum value of time deviation of earth, b A And b B Representing the frequencies of the two frequency sources a and B respectively involved in the test.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: after the fifth step, if the aging rate parameter of the measured frequency source is known, executing the step: and taking the frequency deviation of the measured frequency source as a parameter b and a frequency aging rate c, and calculating to obtain T 'in the fifth step' cv As a time parameter, the value of T (t) is calculated, if the equation can still be used
If yes, determining the optimal tracking period as T cv ＝T′ cv (ii) a Otherwise, judging according to conditions, if T (T) is less than or equal to 5ns, increasing the value of N by one, then switching to the step five for checking calculation, if yes, continuing to execute, otherwise, continuing to increase the value of the parameter N, repeating the step five until the step meets the requirements, and determining the optimal tracking period as T cv ＝T′ cv (ii) a If T (T) is more than or equal to 20ns, reducing the value of N by one, then transferring to the step five for checking calculation, if yes, continuing to execute, otherwise, continuing to reduce the value of the parameter N, repeating the step five until the step meets the requirement, and determining the optimal tracking period as T cv ＝T′ cv 。
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