CN111650600A - Double-spectrum laser imaging device for extremely weak signals - Google Patents
Double-spectrum laser imaging device for extremely weak signals Download PDFInfo
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- CN111650600A CN111650600A CN202010469768.9A CN202010469768A CN111650600A CN 111650600 A CN111650600 A CN 111650600A CN 202010469768 A CN202010469768 A CN 202010469768A CN 111650600 A CN111650600 A CN 111650600A
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
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- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
- G01S7/4863—Detector arrays, e.g. charge-transfer gates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-spectrum laser imaging device for extremely weak signals, which comprises a double-spectrum pulse laser emitting system, a light shield, an optical receiving system, a spatial light modulator assembly, a relay optical assembly, an array detection assembly, a multi-channel high-speed signal acquisition unit and a comprehensive control and data processing unit. The double-spectrum pulse laser emission system emits two beams of laser with different wavelengths to irradiate a target, generated backscattering signals are converged to a primary image surface where a spatial modulator is located through an optical receiving system, the laser signals are reflected to a relay optical assembly through spatial modulation, laser signal detection of the two wavelengths is completed through an array detection assembly, a multi-channel high-speed signal acquisition unit realizes acquisition and recording of the signals, finally, a comprehensive control and data processing unit completes calculation imaging based on a compression perception theory, and three-dimensional images of the two wavelengths of the target are reconstructed at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser three-dimensional imaging, in particular to a double-spectrum laser imaging device for extremely weak signals.
Technical Field
The traditional laser three-dimensional imaging has two main modes: a point scanning mode and a large-area array flash imaging mode. In the point scanning mode, a laser scanning mechanism is matched with a single-point detector, a target is scanned point by laser spots, and the resolution ratio of the point scanning mode is related to the size of the laser spots. In a point scanning mode, certain scanning time is needed when laser three-dimensional imaging is carried out on a target, and the target is not suitable for moving the target; meanwhile, at a long distance, due to diffraction of light, light spots irradiated on the target are larger than the target, and the long-distance target cannot be imaged. The large-area array flash imaging mode is that a large-area array detector is used for receiving and directly irradiating a target with non-scanning laser to obtain a three-dimensional image of the target, and the resolution is related to the size of the detector. The current large-area array detector applied to high-resolution laser imaging is extremely difficult to develop and is only mastered in a few international companies; meanwhile, when a large-scale area array device is used in a large scale, under the requirement of a certain signal-to-noise ratio, the energy of a laser and the receiving aperture are remarkably increased, and long-distance high-resolution imaging is difficult to perform. When multi-spectral laser imaging is to be realized simultaneously, the requirements are further remarkably improved from the technical point of view and the equipment scale point of view.
When the space target is subjected to laser three-dimensional imaging towards the space base, the space base platform has strict constraints on size, power consumption, weight, direction and the like due to the large scale of the space, the long action distance and the high speed of the target, and the traditional laser imaging mode
The device scale, integration time, spatial resolution, laser energy, detection sensitivity, etc. cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of spatial applications. Therefore, there is no effective system and method for solving the space application requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the device and the method for double-spectrum laser imaging facing to the extremely weak signals are provided, and the problems of insufficient pulse energy, insufficient detection sensitivity and integration time in the traditional laser imaging mode are solved. The method has the advantages that the problems of spatial resolution, equipment scale, spectrum and the like are difficult to be considered, and the target three-dimensional laser imaging with high resolution, high sensitivity, high speed and multiple spectrums is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a double-spectrum laser imaging device facing to extremely weak signals comprises a double-spectrum pulse laser emitting system, a light shield, an optical receiving system, a relay optical assembly, an array detection assembly, a multi-channel high-speed counting unit and a comprehensive control and data processing unit;
the double-spectrum pulse laser emission system emits two beams of pulse laser with different spectrums at a certain repetition frequency to irradiate a target, and the generated backscattering double-spectrum laser signal is received by the optical receiving system after passing through the light shield; the relay optical assembly is positioned between the optical receiving system and the four array detection assemblies E1-E4; the multichannel high-speed counting unit collects and records the electric signals output by the array detector assembly, forms photon event counting statistics of the signals and outputs the statistics to the comprehensive control and data processing unit; the comprehensive control and data processing unit is used for synchronizing and controlling the double-spectrum pulse laser emission system, the relay optical assembly, the array detection assembly and the multi-channel high-speed counting unit and processing data acquired and recorded by the multi-channel high-speed counting unit.
The two laser signals with different spectral bands adopt 532nm and 1064nm laser signals.
The laser irradiation target means that the size of a laser spot at the target is larger than that of the target, and the laser spot can cover the target.
The optical receiving system is positioned at the rear end of the light shield, collects the double-spectrum laser signals which are back-scattered from the target and converges the double-spectrum laser signals to the relay optical assembly.
The optical receiving system is in the form of a Cassegrain optical system.
The relay optical component comprises a spatial modulator B, two laser spectrum section 1 narrow-band filters D1 and D2, two laser spectrum section 2 narrow-band filters D3 and D4, two half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirrors H1 and H2, five collimating lenses A1-A5 and two reflectors C1-C2; the collimating lens A1 collimates the bispectrum laser signal converged by the receiving optical system and then emits the bispectrum laser signal into the space modulator B, the space modulator B carries out bidirectional space modulation on the bispectrum laser signal, the bispectrum laser signal is divided into two paths which emit to the reflector C1 and the reflector C2 in different directions, the reflector C1 emits the bispectrum laser signal to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror H1, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror H1 divides the bispectrum laser signal into two paths which are respectively the laser signal of the spectrum segment 1 and the laser signal of the spectrum segment 2, the laser signal of the spectrum segment 1 is collimated by the collimating lens A5 and then enters the narrow band filter D1 with the center spectrum segment of the spectrum segment 1 and then enters the array detecting component E1, the laser signal of the spectrum segment 2 is collimated by the collimating lens A3 and then enters the narrow band filter D3 with the center spectrum segment of the spectrum segment 2 and then enters the array detecting component E3, the reflector C2 emits the bispectrum laser signal of the other path to the semi-reflecting mirror H2, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror H2 divides the laser signal of the double spectrum into two paths which are the laser signal of the spectrum 1 and the laser signal of the spectrum 2, the laser signal of the spectrum 1 is collimated by the collimating lens A4, and then enters the narrow band filter D2 with the center spectrum 1, and then enters the array detection component E2, the laser signal of the spectrum 2 is collimated by the collimating lens A2, and then enters the narrow band filter D4 with the center spectrum 2, and then enters the array detection component E4.
The array detection modules E1 and E2 include small arrays of photomultiplier tubes on an 8 x 8 or smaller scale and photomultiplier tube drive circuitry.
The photomultiplier responds to laser signals in the spectrum of 400nm to 800 nm.
The photomultiplier tube driving circuit consists of a high-voltage distribution module, a gate control driving module, a gain control module, an amplifier module, a comparator module and a pulse shaping module, wherein the gain control module generates a gain control signal under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage distribution module; the high-voltage module distributes the high voltage generated inside to the cathode of the photomultiplier and each beating stage according to a preset proportion,the gain of the photomultiplier is higher than 106The single photon detector has the single photon detection capability; the gate control driving module generates a gate control signal under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage distribution module, and the photomultiplier works according to a set gain within the time with the gate control signal by controlling the photomultiplier beating level voltage; the electric signal generated by the photomultiplier is amplified and filtered by the amplifier module, compared with the comparison threshold value of the comparator module, and if the electric signal is greater than the comparison threshold value, the electric signal is input into the multi-channel high-speed counting unit after the pulse sorting module.
The array detection modules E3 and E4 include small arrays of avalanche photodiodes on an 8 x 8 scale and operational drive circuitry.
The avalanche photodiode responds to laser signals between 800nm and 1600nm spectrum.
The working driving circuit consists of a high-voltage bias module, a voltage control module, a gate control driving module, a temperature compensation module, an amplifier module, a comparator module and a pulse shaping module, wherein the voltage control module generates a gain control signal under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage bias module, the high-voltage bias module generates a voltage slightly higher than the avalanche voltage of the avalanche photodiode to act on the avalanche photodiode to enable the avalanche photodiode to work in a Geiger mode and has single photon detection capability, the temperature compensation module generates a gain compensation signal to act on the high-voltage bias module according to the information of a built-in temperature sensor to enable the gain of the avalanche photodiode to be in a stable state within a certain temperature range, and the gate control driving module generates a gate control signal to act on the high-voltage bias module under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit, the avalanche photodiode works in the time with the gate control signal, the electric signal generated by the avalanche photodiode is amplified and filtered by the amplifier module, compared with the comparison threshold value of the comparator module, and if the electric signal is greater than the comparison threshold value, the electric signal is input into the multi-channel high-speed counting unit after the pulse sorting module.
A statistical scale factor beta is introduced into the signal photon event counting statistics, after a statistical histogram of a signal counting value and a sampling grid of the duration delta T is obtained, the size of a counting statistical unit is adjusted through the scale factor, a statistical distribution histogram of the signal counting value and a new signal counting statistical unit u is obtained, and the statistical distribution histogram is output to a comprehensive control and data processing unit; and u is beta multiplied by delta T, and beta is more than or equal to 1.
The data processing means that bidirectional coding modulation with a certain strategy is carried out on the received double-spectrum laser signals at a spatial modulator by utilizing the sparse characteristic of high-dimensional data based on a compressed sensing theory, then the double-spectrum laser three-dimensional image of the target is obtained by carrying out sparse reconstruction based on L1 norm minimization on the acquired double-spectrum laser signals based on the correlation of the bidirectional modulation of the same spatial modulator and the correlation of the detection of the same target in time and space by each detection assembly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts non-scanning laser to directly irradiate a target and a small-scale single photon sensitivity array detection component to receive, and combines a computational imaging method based on a compressed sensing principle. Compared with the traditional scanning type laser imaging device and a large-area array flash laser imaging device, the large-area array flash laser imaging device has the advantages that a scanning mechanism with large size and heavy weight is not needed, a large-area array high-speed detector array with large technical complexity and high cost is not needed, single-photon-level high-sensitivity detection on a target is realized, and the large-area array flash laser imaging device is suitable for the requirements of long-distance imaging application with strict size, power consumption and weight constraints.
(2) Compared with the traditional calculation imaging device based on compressed sensing, the relay optical component and the corresponding four-path detection components receive the signal, and utilize the correlation of bidirectional modulation of the same spatial modulator and the correlation of a plurality of detection components in time and space for detecting the same target, so that the laser signal of each spectral band can be fully utilized to obtain an image with higher signal-to-noise ratio, and a three-dimensional target image of two laser spectral bands can be simultaneously reconstructed in one detection process based on a data processing algorithm.
(3) Compared with the traditional photon counting statistical mode, the photon event counting statistical mode of the multi-channel high-speed counting unit introduces the statistical scale factor, and the size of the counting statistical unit is adjusted by the scale factor, so that the counting statistical unit can be dynamically adjusted to be suitable for different application scenes, and particularly for the detection of a high-speed moving target, the requirements of high-precision refined sampling and high signal-to-noise ratio detection can be considered under the condition of a certain speed constraint.
(4) The invention installs a light shield at the front end of the optical receiving system, installs a narrow-band filter at the front end of the array detector and enables the array detection assembly to work in a gating mode, thereby obviously reducing the interference of noise on the acquired infinitesimal signal from two dimensions of space and spectrum and being beneficial to the detection of the infinitesimal signal and the subsequent data processing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual-spectrum laser imaging device for extremely weak signals according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array PMT assembly.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an array GM-APD assembly.
Fig. 4 shows the statistics of different β target signals, Δ T100 ps, where β 5 in fig. 4a and β 30 in fig. 4 b.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a double-spectrum laser imaging device for extremely weak signals, which comprises: the device comprises a bispectrum pulse laser emitting system, a light shield, an optical receiving system, a relay optical assembly, an array detection assembly (E1, E2, E3 and E4), a multi-channel high-speed counting unit (F1 and F2) and a comprehensive control and data processing unit (G).
The double-spectrum pulse laser emission system emits two beams of pulse laser with different spectrums at a certain repetition frequency to irradiate a target, generated backscattering double-spectrum laser signals are received by the optical receiving system after passing through a light shield, the two beams of laser signals with different spectrums comprise 532nm and 1064nm laser signals, the laser irradiation target refers to the condition that the size of a laser spot at the target is larger than that of the target, and the laser spot can cover the target;
the optical receiving system is positioned at the rear end of the light shield, collects the double-spectrum laser signals which are back-scattered from the target and converges the double-spectrum laser signals to the relay optical assembly, and the optical receiving system is in a Cassegrain type optical system;
the relay optical component is positioned at the rear end of the optical receiving system and the front end of 4 array detection components (E1-E4), and comprises 1 spatial modulator (B), 2 laser spectrum 1 narrow-band filters (D1-D2), 2 laser spectrum 2 narrow-band filters (D3-D4), 2 half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirrors (H1-H2), 5 collimating lenses (A1-A5) and 2 reflectors (C1-C2); the collimating lens A1 collimates the double-spectrum laser signal converged by the receiving optical system and then emits the laser signal into the spatial modulator B, the spatial modulator B carries out bidirectional spatial modulation on the double-spectrum laser signal in a certain signal modulation mode, the double-spectrum laser signal is divided into two paths of reflecting mirror C1 and reflecting mirror C2 which emit the laser signal to different directions, the reflecting mirror C1 emits the double-spectrum laser signal to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror H1, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror H1 divides the double-spectrum laser signal into two paths of laser signal of spectrum segment 1 and laser signal of spectrum segment 2, the laser signal of spectrum segment 1 is collimated by the collimating lens A5 and then enters the narrow band filter D1 with the center spectrum segment 1 and then enters the array detection component E1, the laser signal of spectrum segment 2 is collimated by the collimating lens A3 and then enters the narrow band D3 with the center spectrum segment 2 and then enters the array detection component E3, the reflector C2 emits the other path of the double-spectrum laser signal to the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror H2, the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror H2 divides the double-spectrum laser signal into two paths of laser signal of the spectrum 1 and laser signal of the spectrum 2, the laser signal of the spectrum 1 is collimated by the collimating lens A4, and then enters the narrow-band filter D2 with the center spectrum 1, and then enters the array detection component E2, the laser signal of the spectrum 2 is collimated by the collimating lens A2, then enters the narrow-band filter D4 with the center spectrum 2, and then enters the array detection component E4;
the detection components E1 and E2 comprise small-array Photomultiplier (PMT) with the scale within 8 × 8 and a working drive circuit thereof, the array PMT responds to laser signals between spectrums of 400nm and 800nm, the array PMT drive circuit consists of a high-voltage distribution module, a gate control drive module, a gain control module, an amplifier module, a comparator module and a pulse shaping module, and the gain control module is integrated with a data processing unitThe high-voltage module distributes the high voltage generated inside to the cathode and each beating stage of the array PMT according to a certain setting to make the gain of the array PMT higher than 106The gate control driving module generates a gate control signal under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage distribution module, the array PMT works according to a set gain within the time with the gate control signal by controlling the voltage of the array PMT, an electric signal generated by the array PMT is amplified and filtered by the amplifier module and is compared with a comparison threshold value of the comparator module, and if the electric signal is greater than the comparison threshold value, the electric signal is input into the multi-channel high-speed counting unit after the pulse sorting module;
the detection components E3 and E4 comprise small arrays of Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) of 8 x 8 or less scale and their operating drive circuits; the APD array responds to laser signals between 800nm and 1600nm spectrums; the working drive circuit consists of a high-voltage bias module, a voltage control module, a gate control drive module, a temperature compensation module, an amplifier module, a comparator module and a pulse shaping module, wherein the voltage control module generates a gain control signal under the control of the integrated control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage bias module, the high-voltage bias module generates a voltage slightly higher than the avalanche voltage of the array APD to act on the array APD so that the array APD works in a grid covering mode and has single photon detection capability, the temperature compensation module generates a gain compensation signal to act on the high-voltage bias module according to the information of a built-in temperature sensor so that the gain of the array APD is in a stable state in a certain temperature range, the gate control drive module generates a gate control signal under the control of the integrated control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage bias module so that the array APD works in, the electric signal generated by the array APD is amplified and filtered by the amplifier module, compared with the comparison threshold value of the comparator module, and input to the multi-channel high-speed counting unit after the pulse sorting module if the electric signal is greater than the comparison threshold value;
the multichannel high-speed counting unit collects and records the electric signals output by the array detector assembly and forms photon event counting statistics of the signals; a statistical scale factor beta is introduced into the signal photon event counting statistics, after a statistical histogram of a signal counting value and a sampling grid of the duration delta T is obtained, the size of a counting statistical unit is adjusted through the scale factor, a statistical distribution histogram of the signal counting value and a new signal counting statistical unit u (u is beta multiplied by delta T (beta is more than or equal to 1)) is obtained, and the statistical distribution histogram is output to a comprehensive control and data processing unit; specific examples are shown in fig. 4a and 4 b.
The comprehensive control and data processing unit is used for synchronizing and controlling the double-spectrum pulse laser emission system, the relay optical assembly, the array detection assembly and the multi-channel high-speed counting unit and processing data acquired and recorded by the multi-channel high-speed counting unit. The data processing is that the sparse characteristic of high-dimensional data is utilized, bidirectional coding modulation with a certain strategy is carried out on the received double-spectrum laser signals at a spatial modulator based on a compressed sensing theory, then the correlation of the bidirectional modulation of the same spatial modulator and the correlation of the detection of the same target in time and space are carried out on the basis of all detection assemblies, and the double-spectrum laser three-dimensional image of the target is obtained by carrying out sparse reconstruction based on L1 norm minimization on the collected double-spectrum laser signals.
As shown in figure 1, the laser emission system is a high-repetition-frequency narrow-pulse-width 532nm/1064nm dual-wavelength pulse laser emission system, the receiving optical system adopts a Cassegrain RC optical system, the spatial light modulator assembly adopts a DMD digital micromirror array assembly, the detector assemblies are a small-scale array PMT detection assembly and a small-scale array GM-APD assembly, and the multi-channel high-speed signal acquisition unit adopts a multi-channel high-speed counting unit.
Referring to fig. 1, firstly, the integrated control and data processing unit sends time synchronization signals to each functional subsystem, then, according to the application scenario, the gating parameters of the array detection component in the gating working mode are set, and the gain of the array detection device is set to exceed 106The optical fiber has single photon detection capability and can detect extremely weak optical signals. Based on the data processing requirements, appropriate spatial encoding matrix parameters are set for the DMD. A light shield made of high light absorption material is arranged at the front end of the optical receiving system to eliminate the light outside the visual field of the optical receiving systemStray light interferes. The control signal is sent to the double-spectrum pulse laser emission system, the DMD digital micromirror component and the array detector component through the integrated control and data processing unit, the double-spectrum pulse laser emission system periodically and synchronously emits laser irradiation targets of 532nm and 1064nm at the emission repetition frequency not lower than 1kHz, and meanwhile, the DMD and the array detector component respectively synchronously complete primary spatial light modulation coding and gate control driving control of the array detector. After a backscattering laser signal generated by a target is converged to a primary image surface where a DMD is located through an optical receiving system, the laser signal converged on the DMD is reflected to a relay optical component through DMD spatial light modulation, after the relay optical component is subjected to light splitting, collimation and ultra-narrow band spectral filtering, 532nm laser signal detection is completed through an array PMT detection component, and 1064nm laser signal detection is completed through array GM-APD detection. The electric signal generated by photoelectric conversion is sent to the multi-channel photon counting unit to realize photon counting of the laser signal, and the generated photon counting data is converged into the comprehensive control and data processing unit for preprocessing. After M times of laser emission, the preprocessed photon counting data is subjected to data processing, and a bispectrum N (M < N) three-dimensional space image under the target 532nm/1064nm is calculated and reconstructed based on a compressed sensing theory.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array PMT assembly: the gain control module and the gate control module receive the control instruction of the integrated control and data processing unit and act on the high-voltage distribution module to enable the array PMT to work at a set gain within the set gate control signal time. When the optical signal irradiates the photosensitive surface of the array PMT device in a working state, the array PMT device completes high-gain photoelectric conversion by the internal characteristics of the array PMT device and outputs an electric signal. The electric signal is further amplified and filtered under the action of the amplifier, is output to the comparator for signal discrimination, and is input to the multi-channel photon counting unit through pulse shaping when the input electric signal exceeds a set comparison threshold value, so that the primary optical signal counting is completed.
FIG. 3 schematic of an array GM-APD module: the gain control module and the gate control module receive a control instruction of the integrated control and data processing unit, act on the high-voltage bias module, enable the array GM-APD device to work with a set gain within a set gate control signal time, simultaneously, the temperature compensation module monitors the working temperature of the device, and when the temperature change exceeds a certain range, act on the high-voltage bias module to realize compensation of the gain due to temperature change. When the optical signal irradiates the photosensitive surface of the array GM-APD device in a working state, the array GM-APD device completes high-gain photoelectric conversion by the internal characteristics of the array GM-APD device, and outputs an electrical signal. The electric signal is further amplified and filtered under the action of the amplifier, is output to the comparator for signal discrimination, and is input to the multi-channel photon counting unit through pulse shaping when the input electric signal exceeds a set comparison threshold value, so that the primary optical signal counting is completed.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (14)
1. The utility model provides a two spectral band laser image device towards extremely weak signal which characterized in that: the system comprises a bispectrum pulse laser emission system, a light shield, an optical receiving system, a relay optical component, an array detection component, a multi-channel high-speed counting unit and a comprehensive control and data processing unit;
the double-spectrum pulse laser emission system emits two beams of pulse laser with different spectrums at a certain repetition frequency to irradiate a target, and the generated backscattering double-spectrum laser signal is received by the optical receiving system after passing through the light shield; the relay optical assembly is positioned between the optical receiving system and the four array detection assemblies E1-E4; the multichannel high-speed counting unit collects and records the electric signals output by the array detector assembly, forms photon event counting statistics of the signals and outputs the statistics to the comprehensive control and data processing unit; the comprehensive control and data processing unit is used for synchronizing and controlling the double-spectrum pulse laser emission system, the relay optical assembly, the array detection assembly and the multi-channel high-speed counting unit and processing data acquired and recorded by the multi-channel high-speed counting unit.
2. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the two laser signals with different spectral bands adopt 532nm and 1064nm laser signals.
3. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the laser irradiation target means that the size of a laser spot at the target is larger than that of the target, and the laser spot can cover the target.
4. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the optical receiving system is positioned at the rear end of the light shield, collects the double-spectrum laser signals which are back-scattered from the target and converges the double-spectrum laser signals to the relay optical assembly.
5. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the optical receiving system is in the form of a Cassegrain optical system.
6. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the relay optical component comprises a spatial modulator B, two laser spectrum section 1 narrow-band filters D1 and D2, two laser spectrum section 2 narrow-band filters D3 and D4, two half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirrors H1 and H2, five collimating lenses A1-A5 and two reflectors C1-C2; the collimating lens A1 collimates the bispectrum laser signal converged by the receiving optical system and then emits the bispectrum laser signal into the space modulator B, the space modulator B carries out bidirectional space modulation on the bispectrum laser signal, the bispectrum laser signal is divided into two paths which emit to the reflector C1 and the reflector C2 in different directions, the reflector C1 emits the bispectrum laser signal to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror H1, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror H1 divides the bispectrum laser signal into two paths which are respectively the laser signal of the spectrum segment 1 and the laser signal of the spectrum segment 2, the laser signal of the spectrum segment 1 is collimated by the collimating lens A5 and then enters the narrow band filter D1 with the center spectrum segment of the spectrum segment 1 and then enters the array detecting component E1, the laser signal of the spectrum segment 2 is collimated by the collimating lens A3 and then enters the narrow band filter D3 with the center spectrum segment of the spectrum segment 2 and then enters the array detecting component E3, the reflector C2 emits the bispectrum laser signal of the other path to the semi-reflecting mirror H2, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror H2 divides the laser signal of the double spectrum into two paths which are the laser signal of the spectrum 1 and the laser signal of the spectrum 2, the laser signal of the spectrum 1 is collimated by the collimating lens A4, and then enters the narrow band filter D2 with the center spectrum 1, and then enters the array detection component E2, the laser signal of the spectrum 2 is collimated by the collimating lens A2, and then enters the narrow band filter D4 with the center spectrum 2, and then enters the array detection component E4.
7. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the array detection modules E1 and E2 include small arrays of photomultiplier tubes on an 8 x 8 or smaller scale and photomultiplier tube drive circuitry.
8. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 7, wherein: the photomultiplier responds to laser signals in the spectrum of 400nm to 800 nm.
9. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 7, wherein: the photomultiplier tube driving circuit consists of a high-voltage distribution module, a gate control driving module, a gain control module, an amplifier module, a comparator module and a pulse shaping module, wherein the gain control module generates a gain control signal under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage distribution module; the high-voltage module distributes the internally generated high voltage to the cathode of the photomultiplier and each beat stage according to a predetermined proportion, so that the gain of the photomultiplier is higher than 106And has a single lightA sub-detection capability; the gate control driving module generates a gate control signal under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage distribution module, and the photomultiplier works according to a set gain within the time with the gate control signal by controlling the photomultiplier beating level voltage; the electric signal generated by the photomultiplier is amplified and filtered by the amplifier module, compared with the comparison threshold value of the comparator module, and if the electric signal is greater than the comparison threshold value, the electric signal is input into the multi-channel high-speed counting unit after the pulse sorting module.
10. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the array detection modules E3 and E4 include small arrays of avalanche photodiodes on an 8 x 8 scale and operational drive circuitry.
11. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 10, wherein: the avalanche photodiode responds to laser signals between 800nm and 1600nm spectrum.
12. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 10, wherein: the working driving circuit consists of a high-voltage bias module, a voltage control module, a gate control driving module, a temperature compensation module, an amplifier module, a comparator module and a pulse shaping module, wherein the voltage control module generates a gain control signal under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit to act on the high-voltage bias module, the high-voltage bias module generates a voltage slightly higher than the avalanche voltage of the avalanche photodiode to act on the avalanche photodiode to enable the avalanche photodiode to work in a Geiger mode and has single photon detection capability, the temperature compensation module generates a gain compensation signal to act on the high-voltage bias module according to the information of a built-in temperature sensor to enable the gain of the avalanche photodiode to be in a stable state within a certain temperature range, and the gate control driving module generates a gate control signal to act on the high-voltage bias module under the control of the comprehensive control and data processing unit, the avalanche photodiode works in the time with the gate control signal, the electric signal generated by the avalanche photodiode is amplified and filtered by the amplifier module, compared with the comparison threshold value of the comparator module, and if the electric signal is greater than the comparison threshold value, the electric signal is input into the multi-channel high-speed counting unit after the pulse sorting module.
13. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: a statistical scale factor beta is introduced into the signal photon event counting statistics, after a statistical histogram of a signal counting value and a sampling grid of the duration delta T is obtained, the size of a counting statistical unit is adjusted through the scale factor, a statistical distribution histogram of the signal counting value and a new signal counting statistical unit u is obtained, and the statistical distribution histogram is output to a comprehensive control and data processing unit; and u is beta multiplied by delta T, and beta is more than or equal to 1.
14. The very weak signal-oriented dual-spectral laser imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the data processing means that bidirectional coding modulation with a certain strategy is carried out on the received double-spectrum laser signals at a spatial modulator by utilizing the sparse characteristic of high-dimensional data based on a compressed sensing theory, then the double-spectrum laser three-dimensional image of the target is obtained by carrying out sparse reconstruction based on L1 norm minimization on the acquired double-spectrum laser signals based on the correlation of the bidirectional modulation of the same spatial modulator and the correlation of the detection of the same target in time and space by each detection assembly.
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