CN111650501A - Testing device for nondestructive online evaluation of aging state of relay - Google Patents
Testing device for nondestructive online evaluation of aging state of relay Download PDFInfo
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- CN111650501A CN111650501A CN202010142724.5A CN202010142724A CN111650501A CN 111650501 A CN111650501 A CN 111650501A CN 202010142724 A CN202010142724 A CN 202010142724A CN 111650501 A CN111650501 A CN 111650501A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
- G01R31/3278—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches of relays, solenoids or reed switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device for nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of a relay, which comprises a signal acquisition and processing unit, a control display unit and a power supply module. The signal acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring electromagnetic signals generated when the relay acts, processing, calculating and analyzing the electromagnetic signals, and then outputting analysis signals containing the estimated aging state of the relay; the control display unit is used for obtaining and displaying the aging state information of the relay according to the analysis signal; the power module is used for supplying power for the signal acquisition processing unit and the control display unit. The signal acquisition and processing unit comprises an electromagnetic signal acquisition module, a signal conditioning module, a signal amplification module, a high-speed AD module and an analysis and operation module which are sequentially connected. The analysis operation module comprises a feature extraction submodule and a classifier submodule. The control display unit comprises a control module and a display module. The invention can realize nondestructive and online evaluation of the aging state of the relay in service, and has obvious economic benefit and practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of relay aging state assessment, and particularly relates to a test device capable of nondestructively assessing the aging state of a relay on line.
Background
The relay is used as a switch device for completing the functions of electric energy distribution and signal switching in the system, and the reliability and the health state of the relay directly influence the performance and the reliability of the whole system. Especially, the relays at the critical positions are high in cost and have direct disastrous results once the relays fail.
In long-term operation of a relay, the components of the relay can be degraded by various aging stresses. The parameters related to the aging of the relay are two types, one is the operation condition parameters (mainly comprising temperature, humidity, vibration and chemical parameters) of the relay, and the other is aging sensitive parameters, including: contact resistance, coil direct current resistance, insulation resistance, operating voltage (current) and return voltage (current), operating time and return time, and bounce time, and the like. For relays applied in different environments and with different purposes, the sensitive parameters of the relays may be slightly different. At present, the operating condition parameters of the relay can be monitored on line in real time, but the aging sensitive parameters of the relay cannot be monitored on line, and are generally measured off line when the power is off.
Therefore, the existing method and device for evaluating the aging state of the relay have the defect of inconvenient implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device which is convenient to implement and can realize nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of a relay.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a test device for nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of a relay is used for evaluating the aging state of the relay, and comprises:
the signal acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring electromagnetic signals generated when the relay acts, processing, calculating and analyzing the acquired electromagnetic signals and then outputting analysis signals containing the estimated aging state of the relay;
the control display unit is connected with the signal acquisition and processing unit and used for obtaining and displaying the aging state information of the relay according to the analysis signal;
and the power supply module is respectively connected with the signal acquisition and processing unit and the control display unit and supplies power to the signal acquisition and processing unit and the control display unit.
The signal acquisition processing unit comprises:
the electromagnetic signal acquisition module is used for acquiring an electromagnetic signal generated when the relay acts, filtering and denoising the electromagnetic signal and outputting a sampling signal;
the signal conditioning module is connected with the electromagnetic signal acquisition module and is used for performing phase modulation and impedance modulation on the sampling signal and then outputting a conditioning signal;
the signal amplification module is connected with the signal conditioning module and is used for amplifying the conditioned signal and then outputting an amplified signal;
the high-speed AD module is connected with the signal amplification module and is used for performing AD conversion on the amplified signal and outputting the digital signal;
the analysis and operation module is connected with the high-speed AD module and is used for analyzing and operating the digital signal to evaluate the aging state of the relay and outputting the analysis signal according to the evaluation result;
the analysis operation module comprises:
the characteristic extraction submodule is connected with the high-speed AD module and is used for extracting characteristic data corresponding to the relay from the digital signal and outputting a characteristic signal containing the characteristic data;
the classifier submodule is connected with the feature extraction submodule, the trained classifier submodule inputs the feature data of the relay and outputs the feature data of the relay as the aging state category of the relay, and the classifier is used for evaluating according to the feature signals and outputting the analysis signals containing the aging category of the relay.
The control display unit includes:
the control module is connected with the signal acquisition and processing unit and used for obtaining an aging state conclusion of the relay according to the analysis signal and outputting a control signal according to the aging state conclusion of the relay;
and the display module is connected with the control module and is used for displaying the aging state information of the relay according to the control signal.
The method for extracting the characteristic data corresponding to the relay from the digital signal by the characteristic extraction submodule comprises the following steps: the characteristic extraction submodule firstly determines the position of the peak value of the digital signal, then intercepts a plurality of effective signal segments containing the peak value according to the position of the peak value, and then respectively extracts the mean value, the variance, the mean square error, the peak value, the kurtosis and the margin of each effective signal segment as characteristic data corresponding to a plurality of groups of relays.
The method for training the classifier submodule comprises the following steps: preparing a plurality of relays in different aging states as sample relays, respectively collecting electromagnetic signals generated when each sample relay acts as sample signals, respectively extracting corresponding characteristic data from each sample signal to serve as a plurality of groups of training data of the classifier submodule, and training the classifier submodule by using each group of training data to enable the classifier submodule to output the aging state category corresponding to each group of training data, so as to obtain the trained classifier submodule.
The classifier submodule adopts a BP neural network.
The relay is divided into four aging state categories from light to heavy according to the aging degree, wherein the four aging state categories are normal, weak corrosion, strong corrosion and damage.
The analysis operation unit also comprises a software filtering module which filters the digital signal and sends the digital signal to the feature extraction submodule.
When the aging categories of the relay contained in at least three analysis signals are the same, the control module obtains the aging state conclusion of the relay and outputs the control signal.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method can realize nondestructive and online evaluation of the aging state of the in-service relay, is convenient to implement, has reliable results, and has remarkable economic benefit and practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing device for nondestructive online evaluation of aging state of a relay.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the testing device for nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which the invention is attached.
The first embodiment is as follows: when the relay acts, the coil is electrified or deenergized, and the contacts are combined or separated, so that a series of electromagnetic waves are radiated to the space or conducted to a circuit, and the electromagnetic interference is an important source. This electromagnetic wave is regular: firstly, the time sequence is consistent with the action time sequence of the relay, and parameters such as a delay setting value, action time, release time and the like are reflected; and secondly, the electromagnetic waves are subdivided into coil electromagnetic waves and contact electromagnetic waves, wherein the coil electromagnetic waves can reflect the insulation aging state and the coil impedance of the coil, and the contact electromagnetic waves can reflect the contact state, the aging degradation state of the contact and other information.
A relay with poor coil insulation, poor contact of a contact or contact aging superposes a series of high-frequency clutter on basic electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the relay action electromagnetic wave is a comprehensive expression of the mechanical and electrical properties of the relay, and can be regarded as an electrocardiogram of the relay. By detecting electromagnetic signals of the relay during actions in different aging stages, an aging data model of the relay based on the electromagnetic signals is established, and online monitoring of the aging state of the relay in service can be realized. That is to say, the electromagnetic signal is regular when the relay acts, and the electromagnetic signal will vibrate or delay to different degrees when the relay ages, which is the basis for detecting the aging state of the relay.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the testing apparatus for non-destructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay comprises a signal acquisition and processing unit, a control display unit and a power supply module. The signal acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring electromagnetic signals generated when the relay acts, and outputting analysis signals containing the estimated aging state of the relay after processing, calculating and analyzing the acquired electromagnetic signals. The control display unit is connected with the signal acquisition and processing unit and used for obtaining and displaying the aging state information of the relay according to the analysis signal. The power module is respectively connected with the signal acquisition processing unit and the control display unit and supplies power to the signal acquisition processing unit and the control display unit, and an AC-DC alternating current power supply is adopted.
Specifically, the signal acquisition and processing unit comprises an electromagnetic signal acquisition module, a signal conditioning module, a signal amplification module, a high-speed AD module and an analysis and operation module. The electromagnetic signal acquisition module is arranged on the periphery of the relay to be evaluated as close as possible and is not in contact with the relay, and is used for acquiring the electromagnetic signals generated during the action of the relay and outputting sampling signals after filtering and denoising the electromagnetic signals. The bandwidth range of the electromagnetic signal acquisition module is specific, and environmental noise mixed in the electromagnetic signals can be removed when most of the relays act. The bandwidth range of the electromagnetic signal acquisition module can be set according to the type and the like of the relay to be evaluated. The signal conditioning module is connected with the electromagnetic signal acquisition module and used for outputting a conditioning signal after phase modulation and impedance modulation are carried out on the sampling signal, so that the circuit obtains the maximum transmission power. The signal amplification module is connected with the signal conditioning module and used for amplifying the conditioned signal and then outputting the amplified signal. The high-speed AD module is connected with the signal amplification module and used for performing AD conversion on the amplified signals and outputting digital signals. The analysis operation module is connected with the high-speed AD module and used for analyzing and operating the digital signals to evaluate the aging state of the relay and outputting analysis signals according to evaluation results. In the scheme, the sampling rate of the high-speed AD module is 32MHz, the sampling time lasts for 1s each time, and data are stored in an 8-bit integer mode and transmitted to a PC (personal computer) through UDP (user datagram protocol) for processing and analysis.
The analysis operation module mainly comprises a feature extraction submodule and a classifier submodule. The characteristic extraction submodule is connected with the high-speed AD module and used for extracting characteristic data corresponding to the relay from the digital signal and outputting a characteristic signal containing the characteristic data. The classifier submodule is connected with the feature extraction submodule, the trained classifier submodule inputs the feature data of the relay and outputs the feature data of the relay as the aging state category of the relay, and the classifier is used for evaluating according to the feature signals and outputting an analysis signal containing the aging category of the relay. The analysis operation unit can also comprise a software filtering module which is arranged between the high-speed AD module and the characteristic extraction submodule in the electromagnetic signal acquisition and processing unit and is used for sending electromagnetic signals which are filtered by digital signals and accurately matched with relay actions to the characteristic extraction submodule.
In the feature extraction submodule, the method for extracting the feature data corresponding to the relay from the digital signal comprises the following steps: the feature extraction submodule firstly realizes full-automatic determination of the position of a peak value of a digital signal through a differential threshold algorithm, and the duration of the signal peak value does not exceed 10000 data points according to statistical analysis; and then, intercepting a plurality of effective signal segments containing the peak values according to the positions of the peak values for subsequent analysis, respectively extracting the mean value, the variance, the mean square error, the peak value, the kurtosis, the margin and the like of each effective signal segment as characteristic data corresponding to a plurality of groups of relays, and taking each group of characteristic data as the input of a classifier submodule.
For the classifier submodule, the relay is divided into four aging state categories from light to heavy according to the aging degree, wherein the four aging state categories are normal, weak corrosion, strong corrosion and damage, and four types of outputs of the classifier submodule are formed. The BP neural network is adopted as a classifier and needs to be trained before use. The method for training the classifier submodule comprises the following steps: preparing a large number of relays in different aging states as sample relays, respectively collecting electromagnetic signals generated when each sample relay acts as sample signals, respectively extracting corresponding characteristic data (namely, the mean value, the variance, the mean square error, the peak value, the kurtosis, the margin and the like) from each sample signal to be used as a plurality of groups of training data of a classifier submodule, establishing an aging characteristic database according to the training data, training the classifier submodule by using each group of training data, and performing iterative optimization for a plurality of times to enable the classifier submodule to output the aging state class corresponding to each group of training data, thereby obtaining the trained classifier submodule and storing the trained classifier model. When the relay is actually evaluated, the characteristic data corresponding to the relay to be evaluated can be compared with the trained model, so that the aging state of the relay at the moment is obtained. Because a plurality of sections of effective signal segments are intercepted from the electromagnetic signal when the relay to be evaluated acts, the aging state type of the relay can be obtained according to each section of effective signal segment.
The control display unit comprises a control module and a display module. The control module is connected with the classifier submodule in the signal acquisition and processing unit and used for obtaining the aging state conclusion of the relay according to the analysis signal and outputting a control signal according to the aging state conclusion of the relay. When the aging types of the relay contained in the at least three analysis signals received by the control module are the same, the control module obtains the aging state conclusion of the relay and outputs a control signal. The display module is connected with the control module and used for displaying the aging state information of the relay according to the control signal.
In the scheme, the electromagnetic signal acquisition module of the signal acquisition and processing unit is independently arranged, the signal conditioning module, the signal amplification module, the high-speed AD module, the analysis and operation module, the control module for controlling the display unit and the power supply unit are integrated in a case, and the display module for controlling the display unit is arranged on one side face of the case.
The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay can be matched with an offline measuring device for aging sensitive parameters such as contact resistance, coil direct-current resistance, insulation resistance, action voltage and return voltage, and the aging state evaluation of the relay is more accurate.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a test device of harmless on-line assessment relay state of ageing for the state of ageing of relay is evaluateed, its characterized in that: the test device for nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay comprises:
the signal acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring electromagnetic signals generated when the relay acts, processing, calculating and analyzing the acquired electromagnetic signals and then outputting analysis signals containing the estimated aging state of the relay;
the control display unit is connected with the signal acquisition and processing unit and used for obtaining and displaying the aging state information of the relay according to the analysis signal;
and the power supply module is respectively connected with the signal acquisition and processing unit and the control display unit and supplies power to the signal acquisition and processing unit and the control display unit.
2. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 1, characterized in that: the signal acquisition processing unit comprises:
the electromagnetic signal acquisition module is used for acquiring an electromagnetic signal generated when the relay acts, filtering and denoising the electromagnetic signal and outputting a sampling signal;
the signal conditioning module is connected with the electromagnetic signal acquisition module and is used for performing phase modulation and impedance modulation on the sampling signal and then outputting a conditioning signal;
the signal amplification module is connected with the signal conditioning module and is used for amplifying the conditioned signal and then outputting an amplified signal;
the high-speed AD module is connected with the signal amplification module and is used for performing AD conversion on the amplified signal and outputting the digital signal;
and the analysis and operation module is connected with the high-speed AD module and is used for analyzing and operating the digital signal to evaluate the aging state of the relay and outputting the analysis signal according to an evaluation result.
3. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 2, characterized in that: the analysis operation module comprises:
the characteristic extraction submodule is connected with the high-speed AD module and is used for extracting characteristic data corresponding to the relay from the digital signal and outputting a characteristic signal containing the characteristic data;
the classifier submodule is connected with the feature extraction submodule, the trained classifier submodule inputs the feature data of the relay and outputs the feature data of the relay as the aging state category of the relay, and the classifier is used for evaluating according to the feature signals and outputting the analysis signals containing the aging category of the relay.
4. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control display unit includes:
the control module is connected with the signal acquisition and processing unit and used for obtaining an aging state conclusion of the relay according to the analysis signal and outputting a control signal according to the aging state conclusion of the relay;
and the display module is connected with the control module and is used for displaying the aging state information of the relay according to the control signal.
5. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method for extracting the characteristic data corresponding to the relay from the digital signal by the characteristic extraction submodule comprises the following steps: the characteristic extraction submodule firstly determines the position of the peak value of the digital signal, then intercepts a plurality of effective signal segments containing the peak value according to the position of the peak value, and then respectively extracts the mean value, the variance, the mean square error, the peak value, the kurtosis and the margin of each effective signal segment as characteristic data corresponding to a plurality of groups of relays.
6. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method for training the classifier submodule comprises the following steps: preparing a plurality of relays in different aging states as sample relays, respectively collecting electromagnetic signals generated when each sample relay acts as sample signals, respectively extracting corresponding characteristic data from each sample signal to serve as a plurality of groups of training data of the classifier submodule, and training the classifier submodule by using each group of training data to enable the classifier submodule to output the aging state category corresponding to each group of training data, so as to obtain the trained classifier submodule.
7. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 6, characterized in that: the classifier submodule adopts a BP neural network.
8. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 3, characterized in that: the relay is divided into four aging state categories from light to heavy according to the aging degree, wherein the four aging state categories are normal, weak corrosion, strong corrosion and damage.
9. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 3, characterized in that: the analysis operation unit also comprises a software filtering module which filters the digital signal and sends the digital signal to the feature extraction submodule.
10. The testing device for the nondestructive online evaluation of the aging state of the relay according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the aging categories of the relay contained in at least three analysis signals are the same, the control module obtains the aging state conclusion of the relay and outputs the control signal.
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