CN111650469B - D-PMU device-based power distribution network fault accurate positioning method - Google Patents

D-PMU device-based power distribution network fault accurate positioning method Download PDF

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CN111650469B
CN111650469B CN202010408256.1A CN202010408256A CN111650469B CN 111650469 B CN111650469 B CN 111650469B CN 202010408256 A CN202010408256 A CN 202010408256A CN 111650469 B CN111650469 B CN 111650469B
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fault
power distribution
line
distribution network
voltage
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CN111650469A (en
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孔祥玉
徐勇
袁智勇
徐全
王成山
李鹏
焦在滨
黄晓彤
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Tianjin University
CSG Electric Power Research Institute
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accurately positioning a power distribution network fault based on a D-PMU device, which comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a fault diagnosis model according to the D-PMU configuration condition of the power distribution network; collecting and uploading measurement data based on real-time communication of the D-PMU; 2) the measured data before and after the fault is generated is sorted; judging whether T-connection lines exist at two ends of a fault occurrence position, if so, executing the step 3), and if not, executing the step 4); 3) identifying a fault line and a non-fault line, and combining the measurement information of the non-fault line; 4) solving the power distribution network fault diagnosis model by using the measurement data before and after the fault; 5) and calculating and finishing fault positioning. The method and the device obtain the position of the fault position, determine the accurate position of the fault position of the power distribution network, and meet the requirements in practical application.

Description

D-PMU device-based power distribution network fault accurate positioning method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power Distribution networks, in particular to a power Distribution network fault accurate positioning method based on a D-PMU (Distribution phase Measurement Unit).
Background
The distribution network in an electric power system is one of the important components of the power grid. The system is connected with a user side and a high-voltage side, is an important link between a power supply enterprise and a power utilization user, and needs to maintain the power quality of the user side. Compared with a power distribution network, the power distribution network has the characteristics of larger scale, worse environment, more variable operation, more branch lines and the like, so that a plurality of diagnosis methods of the power distribution network are not applicable to the power distribution network, and various faults can cause larger influence on the power distribution network. Therefore, after the power distribution network line has an emergent fault, how to timely and accurately judge the fault section and position the fault section to the position of the emergent fault is important to the fault isolation and safe and stable operation of the power distribution network.
The fault positioning method of the power distribution network mainly comprises two main categories: the traveling wave method and the impedance method. Fault location based on the traveling wave method has been studied by many scholars at the present stage, and the principle is that the traveling wave signal generated after the power distribution network has a fault is transmitted from the system to the outside, and fault location is realized by monitoring the traveling wave signal on the feeder line. The fault location based on the line impedance is a traditional method, the fault location is carried out by positively correlating the line impedance with the distance of the fault occurrence position, the fault location is usually realized by utilizing the electric quantity information, the method is simple and easy to implement, but when the accuracy of line parameters is poor, the error of the impedance fault location is easily influenced greatly.
Compared with an impedance method, the traveling wave method has the advantages that the traveling wave method is less affected by the operation mode and the structure of the system after the traveling wave signals are accurately measured. However, in general engineering application, fault location based on the impedance method is suitable for a large-scale power distribution system, the economic burden is lower than that of other methods, but the influence of line load parameters is large, and the effectiveness of the impedance method needs to be discussed deeply for the situations of more branches and complicated topology in the power distribution network.
With the development of smart grids, intelligenceMeasurement devices have been deployed in power distribution networks, and there have been some studies on introducing intelligent measurement into fault location of power distribution networks: for example, the fault location method based on the fault indicator filters and fuses the information logic array describing the fault according to the fault indicator, and accurately analyzes the fused matrix, thereby realizing fault location[1]. Or applying the PMU device to a power distribution network fault positioning method, monitoring a fault line through the PMU device, acquiring voltage and current information at two ends of the line in real time, reducing a fault suspicious region after a fault occurs, and comparing according to the normalization degree of each measuring device so as to finish fault positioning[2]. However, the above method is easily affected by various factors such as the configuration position of the fault indicator and the quality of the measurement information, which leads to the degradation of the subsequent fault positioning accuracy; or PMU measurement is insufficient, so that high-precision measurement data sampling cannot be realized after some lines are in fault, and certain limitation is realized.
Based on the problems, the impedance method and the intelligent measuring device are applied to the fault accurate positioning of the power distribution network so as to improve the positioning accuracy, and meanwhile, the problems of insufficient measuring accuracy and poor real-time performance at a measuring end are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power distribution network fault accurate positioning method based on a D-PMU device, which is based on an impedance method, utilizes a D-PMU intelligent measuring device to acquire measured data of fault positions before and after a fault of a power distribution network occurs in real time, uploads the measured data to a power system, and establishes a fault diagnosis model according to the configuration condition of the D-PMU; on the basis, the condition of the T-connection line is considered at the same time, the equation of the fault voltage and the fault current at the fault position is calculated and sorted, the position of the fault position is obtained, and the accurate position of the fault of the power distribution network is determined, which is described in detail in the following:
a method for accurately positioning a power distribution network fault based on a D-PMU device comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a fault diagnosis model according to the D-PMU configuration condition of the power distribution network; collecting and uploading measurement data based on real-time communication of the D-PMU;
2) the measured data before and after the fault is generated is sorted; judging whether T-connection lines exist at two ends of a fault occurrence position, if so, executing the step 3), and if not, executing the step 4);
3) identifying a fault line and a non-fault line, and combining the measurement information of the non-fault line;
4) solving the power distribution network fault diagnosis model by using the measurement data before and after the fault;
5) and calculating and finishing fault positioning.
The real-time communication acquisition and uploading measurement data based on the D-PMU specifically comprises the following steps:
monitoring the power distribution network in real time and acquiring data according to the D-PMU measurement; and uploading the collected measurement data to a main station of the power system in real time.
Furthermore, the real-time performance of data transmission of the D-PMU device is 40ms, and data such as three-phase fundamental wave voltage, three-phase fundamental wave current, sequence value, switching value and power angle and real-time scale can be measured in real time.
Wherein, the step 3) is specifically as follows:
firstly, identifying a non-fault line and a fault line; combining the currents of the non-fault lines according to kirchhoff's law, and determining the voltages of the non-fault lines according to an average voltage method, namely, taking the average value of the voltages of all lines.
Further, the step 4) is specifically as follows:
obtaining an equation about the voltage of a fault point according to a power distribution network fault diagnosis model; processing the two groups of fault point voltage equalities, and obtaining a fault current equality according to a current distribution rule of the parallel circuit;
and substituting the fault current equation into the sorted fault voltage equation to further obtain a polynomial about the fault distance.
Wherein, the step 5) is specifically as follows:
the polynomial of the fault distance is a binary first-order polynomial, an equation about the fault distance is obtained according to a root-finding formula of the polynomial, and known measurement data is substituted into the equation to calculate and solve to complete fault location.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) from the measurement data acquisition of the power distribution network, the real-time data transmission performance of the D-PMU measurement device is about 40ms, data such as three-phase fundamental wave voltage, three-phase fundamental wave current, sequence value, switching value, power angle and the like and time scale information (technical terms commonly used in the field) can be measured in real time, and the data are sent to a system main station; compared with the traditional measuring device, the device can improve the data sampling precision to a great extent, shorten the data uploading interval and widen the data sampling depth;
(2) in the fault location process, the impedance method carries out fault location by positive correlation between the line impedance and the distance of a fault occurrence position, the method is simple and easy to implement, in general engineering application, the fault location based on the impedance method is suitable for a large-scale power distribution system, and the economic burden is lower than that of other methods. Meanwhile, the influence of the T-connection circuit is considered in the fault positioning process, iterative calculation does not exist, the recovery time after the fault occurs is reduced to a certain extent, and the fault positioning precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for accurately positioning a fault of a power distribution network based on a D-PMU device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fault diagnosis model without a T-junction line according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fault diagnosis model of the present invention with a T-connection line;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a D-PMU configured in a system of a compute node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the results of the present invention with respect to fault resistance and fault accuracy;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the results of the present invention of whether there is an effect of the T-line on the fault resistance and the fault accuracy;
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the results of the present invention with respect to fault distance and fault accuracy;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the result of the influence of the presence or absence of the T-line on the fault distance and the fault accuracy;
fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the results of the effect of fault resistance and fault distance on fault accuracy according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
In order to solve the problem of accurate positioning of the power distribution network fault, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power distribution network fault positioning method based on D-PMU measurement, and refer to fig. 1 to 9, which are described in detail below:
s100: determining the D-PMU configuration condition of the power distribution network in a fault occurrence area;
namely, the number and the positions of nodes which are configured with D-PMUs in the fault occurrence area of the power distribution network are determined.
S110: establishing a fault diagnosis model according to the D-PMU configuration condition of the power distribution network;
wherein, the step S110 includes:
s1101: establishing a power distribution network fault diagnosis model according to the known D-PMU node number and node position in the power distribution network (see FIG. 2 and FIG. 3);
s1102: nodes in the power distribution network which are not provided with the D-PMU are represented by black, and nodes provided with the D-PMU are represented by red.
S120: collecting and uploading measurement data based on real-time communication of the D-PMU;
wherein, the step S120 includes:
s1201: monitoring the power distribution network in real time and acquiring data according to the D-PMU measurement;
s1202: and uploading the collected measurement data to a main station of the power system in real time.
S130: the measured data before and after the fault is generated is sorted;
wherein, the step S130 includes:
s1301: the voltage and current equivalent measurement data before the power distribution network fault occurs are sorted;
s1302: and (4) arranging voltage and power equivalent measurement data after the power distribution network fault occurs.
S140: judging whether T-connection lines exist at two ends of a fault occurrence part, if so, executing a step 150, and if not, executing a step 160;
namely, whether a T-connection line exists in a section with a fault is judged according to an established power distribution network fault diagnosis model.
S150: firstly, identifying a fault line and a non-fault line, and combining the measurement information of the non-fault line.
Wherein, the step S150 includes:
s1501: if the T-connection line exists, identifying a non-fault line and a fault line;
s1502: the currents of the non-faulted lines are combined according to kirchhoff's law.
Ijk＝Iij+Isj (1)
In the formula: line jk is a fault line, lines ij and sj are non-fault lines, node j has T-connection line sj, current IjkIs the current from node j to node k, current IijAnd IsjThe same is true.
S1503: the voltage of the non-fault line is determined according to a mean voltage method, namely, the mean value of the voltage of each line is taken.
Uj＝(Uij+Usj)/2 (2)
In the formula: u shapejIs the voltage of node j, UijIs the voltage of node i to node j, UsjThe same is true.
S160: solving the power distribution network fault diagnosis model by using the measurement data before and after the fault;
wherein, the step S160 includes:
s1601: obtaining an equation about the voltage of a fault point according to a power distribution network fault diagnosis model;
Uf＝Uj-(L2-x)zabcIj (3)
in the formula: u shapejIs the voltage of node j, IjCurrent at node j, UfTo a fault voltage, L2Is the length of line jk, zabcIs the unit impedance of line jk.
Uf＝IfRf (4)
In the formula: i isfAs fault point current, RfIs the fault point resistance.
S1602: the two groups of fault point voltage equations are arranged;
RfIf＝Uj-(L2-x)zabcIj (5)
wherein x is the distance from the node K to the failure point.
S1603: obtaining a fault current equation according to a current distribution rule of the parallel circuit;
Figure BDA0002492147690000051
s1604: substituting the fault current equation into the sorted fault voltage equation;
Figure BDA0002492147690000052
s1605: the sorting may yield a polynomial on the distance to failure.
Figure BDA0002492147690000053
S170: and calculating and finishing fault positioning.
Wherein, the step S170 includes:
s1701: sorting a polynomial about the fault distance;
mx2+nx+t＝0 (9)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002492147690000054
t＝Rf(Uj-L2zabcIj)。
s1702: and solving the fault distance according to a root-solving formula of the polynomial.
Figure BDA0002492147690000055
The flow of the method for accurately positioning the power distribution network fault based on the D-PMU measurement is shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
Sample data of the calculation example is derived from an IEEE33 node system, and D-PMU devices are respectively installed at nodes {1,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,29} shown in FIG. 4, and are used for establishing a fault diagnosis model.
And establishing a fault diagnosis model for the line according to the nodes configured with the D-PMU and whether the T-connection circuit exists, wherein the established models are respectively shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
And if the T-connection circuit does not exist at the fault position, positioning and analyzing the distance of the fault position according to the measured data of the D-PMU. First, a voltage equation about a fault point is obtained according to the equations (3) and (4), and a new equation (5) is obtained by combining and arranging. And obtaining an equation about the fault current according to the current distribution rule of the parallel circuit. As shown in fig. 3, the current I is measuredfAnd IkfLooking as a parallel line, the fault current equation (6) is obtained. And substituting the obtained fault current equation (6) into the new fault voltage equation (5) obtained by arrangement, and obtaining a polynomial (8) about the fault distance by arrangement. Equation (8) can be regarded as a binary first order equation, and according to the root equation, the specific location of the fault distance can be equation (10), i.e., fault location is completed.
If a T-connection line exists at the fault occurrence position, a non-fault line and a fault line are firstly identified. As shown in fig. 3, the line jk is a faulty line, the lines ij and js are non-faulty lines, and the voltage and the current of the non-faulty lines are combined to obtain a new current equation (1) and a new voltage equation (2). Namely, the T-connection line is converted into a double-end line, and then the fault of the power distribution network is positioned and analyzed according to the formulas (3) to (10).
The percentage error of fault localization is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002492147690000061
in the formula: l isDistanceFor calculated fault distance, LActualfaultpositionFor actual fault distance, LLengthoffaultlineThe total length of the faulty line.
The method provides a simple and effective positioning method for accurately positioning the fault of the power distribution network, and the fault is positioned and analyzed by using an impedance method on the premise of ensuring the fault positioning accuracy, so that the positioning accuracy is improved. The method adopts the D-PMU measurement to avoid the defects of insufficient measured data or low data sampling precision, simultaneously considers the influence of the T-connection circuit on fault positioning, has no iteration and reduces the calculated amount. By using the method to locate the fault of the power distribution network, a relatively ideal result can be obtained.
Reference to the literature
[1] Wuxianxin, Xushihua, Zhang A simple power distribution network fault location method based on fault indicator multi-information fusion [ J ] scientific and technological innovation and application, 2018 (02): 75-76.
[2]Li J,Wu T,Kamwa I,et al.Synchrophasor measurement-based fault location technique for multi-terminal multi-section non-homogeneous transmission lines[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2016.
[3] Jiangzhen, Miao Shihong, Liupei. 1-9.
[4]Choi M S,Lee S J,Lee D S,et al.A new fault location algorithm using direct circuit analysis for distribution systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):35-41.
In the embodiment of the present invention, except for the specific description of the model of each device, the model of other devices is not limited, as long as the device can perform the above functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (3)

1. A method for accurately positioning a power distribution network fault based on a D-PMU device is characterized in that the method considers the influence of a T-connection line in the fault positioning process, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a fault diagnosis model according to the D-PMU configuration condition of the power distribution network; collecting and uploading measurement data based on real-time communication of the D-PMU;
2) the measured data before and after the fault is generated is sorted; judging whether T-connection lines exist at two ends of a fault occurrence position, if so, executing the step 3), and if not, executing the step 4);
3) identifying a fault line and a non-fault line, and combining the measurement information of the non-fault line;
4) solving the power distribution network fault diagnosis model by using the measurement data before and after the fault;
5) calculating and finishing fault location;
the step 3) is specifically as follows:
firstly, identifying a non-fault line and a fault line; combining the currents of the non-fault lines according to kirchhoff's law, and determining the voltages of the non-fault lines according to an average voltage method, namely, taking the average value of the voltages of all lines;
Ijk＝Iij+Isj
in the formula: line jk is a fault line, lines ij and sj are non-fault lines, node j has T-connection line sj, current IjkIs the current from node j to node k, current IijAnd IsjThe same process is carried out;
determining the voltage of the non-fault line according to an average voltage method, namely, taking the average value of the voltage of each line;
Uj＝(Uij+Usj)/2
in the formula: u shapejIs the voltage of node j, UijIs the voltage of node i to node j, UsjThe same process is carried out;
the step 4) is specifically as follows:
obtaining an equation about the voltage of a fault point according to a power distribution network fault diagnosis model; processing the two groups of fault point voltage equalities, and obtaining a fault current equality according to a current distribution rule of the parallel circuit;
substituting the fault current equation into the sorted fault voltage equation to further obtain a polynomial about the fault distance;
Uf＝Uj-(L2-x)zabcIj
in the formula: u shapejIs the voltage of node j, IjCurrent at node j, UfTo a fault voltage, L2Is the length of line jk, zabcIs the unit impedance of line jk;
Uf＝IfRf
in the formula: i isfAs fault point current, RfIs a fault point resistance;
the step 5) is specifically as follows:
the polynomial of the fault distance is a binary first-order polynomial, an equation about the fault distance is obtained according to a root-finding formula of the polynomial, and known measurement data is substituted into the equation to be calculated and solved to complete fault positioning;
RfIf＝Uj-(L2-x)zabcIj
in the formula, x is the distance from the node K to a fault point;
obtaining a fault current equation according to a current distribution rule of the parallel circuit;
Figure FDA0003199114840000021
substituting the fault current equation into the sorted fault voltage equation;
Figure FDA0003199114840000022
the polynomial on the fault distance can be collated:
Figure FDA0003199114840000023
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the D-PMU device-based method for accurately positioning the fault of the power distribution network comprises the steps of:
monitoring the power distribution network in real time and acquiring data according to the D-PMU measurement; and uploading the collected measurement data to a main station of the power system in real time.
3. The method for accurately positioning the faults of the power distribution network based on the D-PMU device according to claim 2, wherein the real-time data transmission of the D-PMU device is 40ms, and the data such as three-phase fundamental voltage, three-phase fundamental current, sequence value, switching value, power angle and the like and the real-time scale can be measured in real time.
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