CN111650013A - Rock sample cutting equipment and rock sample preparation method - Google Patents
Rock sample cutting equipment and rock sample preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111650013A CN111650013A CN202010308100.6A CN202010308100A CN111650013A CN 111650013 A CN111650013 A CN 111650013A CN 202010308100 A CN202010308100 A CN 202010308100A CN 111650013 A CN111650013 A CN 111650013A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
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Abstract
The invention relates to rock sample cutting equipment and a rock sample preparation method, belongs to the technical field of rock sample preparation, and solves the problems of low rock cutting precision, large error and low sample preparation efficiency in the existing rock sample preparation process. Rock sample cutting apparatus comprising: the device comprises a cutting mechanism, a rock fixing mechanism and an attitude adjusting mechanism; the cutting mechanism is movably arranged on a base of the rock sample cutting equipment; the attitude adjusting structure comprises a fixed table, an azimuth angle adjusting mechanism and a pitch angle adjusting mechanism; the bottom surface of the fixed table is connected with the base through a spherical hinge. The pitch angle adjusting mechanism and the azimuth angle adjusting mechanism are used for adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the rock relative to the circular saw, so that the rock sample cutting equipment can cut rectangular flaky rock samples with more uniform thickness, the workload of subsequent grinding operation is reduced, and the sample preparation efficiency of the rock samples is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock sample preparation, in particular to rock sample cutting equipment and a rock sample preparation method.
Background
When physical properties such as components, crystal microstructures, optical characteristics and the like of various rocks or natural minerals are tested, collected rocks are required to be made into rectangular flaky rock samples, and corresponding testing equipment is combined to carry out corresponding testing on rectangular planes of the rock samples, so that the flatness and smoothness of the rock samples are directly related to the accuracy and reliability of testing results.
The process of preparing a rock sample usually requires cutting the rock into pieces of similar size, and further grinding and polishing the plane to be tested.
Although the rock sample is sheet-shaped, the rock sample is actually a cuboid with a small height, due to the irregular characteristic of the rock, in the existing sample preparation method, the rock is difficult to be cut into relatively regular rectangular sheet-shaped, the rock is often cut into trapezoids such as parallelogram or trapezoid, and the upper plane and the lower plane are often difficult to be parallel, so that the thickness is uneven, and as a result, the rock sample needs to be further processed in a subsequent grinding process to form a rectangular sheet, so that the workload of the grinding and polishing process is greatly increased.
In the existing grinding process, the rock sample after being sliced is usually fixed by adopting a glue bonding or mechanical fixing mode, and then the rock sample is ground and polished, but due to the reasons of cutting, bonding and the like, the polished surfaces to be ground of sample points are often highly different, the conditions of inclination and the like are easy to occur, more than 20min is needed when 0.5mm is ground in the grinding process, a large amount of extra burden of grinding operation can be caused by small thickness nonuniformity, and because the cutting thickness of the rock sample is large in floating, when a plurality of rock samples need to be processed, the grinding and polishing can be carried out one by one, and the working efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a rock sample cutting device and a rock sample preparation method, so as to solve the problems of low rock cutting precision, large error and low sample preparation efficiency in the existing rock sample preparation process.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
in one set of technical solutions of the present invention, a rock sample cutting apparatus includes: the device comprises a cutting mechanism, a rock fixing mechanism and an attitude adjusting mechanism; the cutting mechanism is movably arranged on a base of the rock sample cutting equipment;
the attitude adjusting structure comprises a fixed table, an azimuth angle adjusting mechanism and a pitch angle adjusting mechanism; the bottom surface of the fixed table is connected with the base through a spherical hinge.
In one set of technical scheme of the invention, the azimuth angle adjusting mechanism comprises an arc slide rail, an arc slide block and a jacking screw, wherein the arc slide block is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the fixed table; the center of the arc slide rail is superposed with the center of the spherical hinge; the jacking screw penetrates through the fixed table and abuts against the arc slide rail; the circular arc slider is equipped with 2 at least, and can slide along the circular arc slide rail.
In one set of technical scheme, the pitch angle adjusting mechanism comprises a ball screw mechanism and a connecting rod, a screw of the ball screw mechanism is perpendicular to the base, a screw nut of the ball screw mechanism is hinged with the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is hinged with the arc sliding rail.
In one set of technical scheme, the base is provided with a through hole, the screw rod penetrates through the through hole and penetrates out of the bottom surface of the base, and the end part of the screw rod, which penetrates out of the bottom surface of the base, is fixedly provided with a rotary adjusting block; the screw rod is connected with the base through a bearing;
the ball screw mechanism is provided with a nut slide rail parallel to the screw, and the screw nut can translate along the nut slide rail.
In one set of technical scheme of the invention, the rock fixing mechanism comprises a rock clamp and a baffle plate, wherein the baffle plate is vertical to a clamping surface of the rock clamp;
the top surface of the fixed table is provided with a baffle sliding chute vertical to the baffle, and the baffle can move horizontally along the baffle sliding chute; the baffle is provided with a baffle fixing screw; the baffle fixing screw penetrates through the baffle and can abut against the baffle sliding chute;
the baffle is provided with a clamp sliding groove parallel to the top surface of the fixed table, and the rock clamp can translate along the clamp sliding groove; the rock clamp is provided with a clamp locking screw which penetrates through the rock clamp and can be abutted against the clamp sliding groove.
In one set of technical scheme of the invention, the cutting mechanism comprises a circular saw and a translation mechanism, and the translation mechanism comprises a first direction mechanism, a second direction mechanism and a third direction mechanism; the first direction mechanism, the second direction mechanism and the third direction mechanism are all slide rail and slide block mechanisms; the slide rail and slide block mechanism comprises a linear slide rail and a linear slide block, and the linear slide block translates along the linear slide rail; the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism is fixed with the base, the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism is fixed with the linear slide block of the first direction mechanism, and the linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism is fixed with the linear slide block of the second direction mechanism; the circular saw is parallel to the baffle;
the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism is vertical to the top surface of the base, the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism is vertical to the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism, and the linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism is vertical to the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism; the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism, the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism and the linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism are positioned on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to or coincided with the middle axial plane of the base.
In one set of technical scheme of the invention, the slide rail slide block mechanism is also provided with a linear motor, and the linear motor drives a linear slide block to translate in a linear slide rail;
the rock sample cutting equipment is also provided with a control host which can send a movement control signal to the linear motor.
In one set of technical scheme, the circular saw is driven to rotate by the cutting motor, and the control host can send a cutting control signal to the cutting motor;
the top surface of the fixed plate is provided with a cutting abdicating groove.
In a set of technical scheme of the invention, a rock sample preparation method uses the rock sample cutting equipment in the technical scheme of the invention;
the rock sample preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting rocks, wherein the characteristic size of the collected rocks is not more than 3 times of the standard size of a rock sample;
s2, cutting rock into rock samples by using rock sample cutting equipment;
and S3, grinding and polishing the test surface of the cut rock sample.
In one technical solution of the present invention, in step S2,
s2.1, fixing the collected rocks on a fixed platform by using a rock fixing mechanism;
s2.2, adjusting the pitch angle of the fixed table by using a pitch angle adjusting mechanism; adjusting the azimuth angle of the fixed table by using an azimuth angle adjusting mechanism;
s2.3, starting a cutting mechanism, cutting one surface of the rock, and stopping the cutting mechanism;
s2.4, rotating the rock, and repeating the steps S2.1 to S2.3 until the rock is cut into a rectangular sheet-shaped rock sample.
The technical scheme of the invention can at least realize one of the following effects:
1. the rock sample cutting equipment provided by the invention can be used for adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the rock relative to the circular saw by using the pitch angle adjusting mechanism and the azimuth angle adjusting mechanism, so that the rock sample cutting equipment provided by the invention can be used for cutting rectangular flaky rock samples with more uniform thickness, the workload of subsequent grinding operation is reduced, and the sample preparation efficiency of the rock samples is improved.
2. The rock sample cutting equipment disclosed by the invention can realize the accurate movement of X, Y, Z three shafts through the cutting structure, so that the accurate control of the circular saw on the rock cutting position is realized, the shape of the cut sample is more regular, the size of the cut sample is closer to the standard size of the rock sample, the work of subsequent grinding operation is further reduced, and the sample preparation accuracy and the sample preparation efficiency of the rock sample are improved.
3. The rock sample cutting equipment has the advantages of simple structure, easy cleaning and maintenance, safety and reliability, simple and convenient operation, no need of special operation training for operators and reduction of the use limit of the operators.
4. The rock sample preparation method can improve the sample preparation efficiency and the qualification rate of a single rock sample, and can also carry out continuous batch sample preparation of a plurality of rock samples, thereby further improving the sample preparation efficiency of the rock sample on the whole.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock sample cutting apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of a rock sample cutting apparatus of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a side view of a rock sample cutting apparatus of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a rock sample burnishing and polishing jig according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sample chuck illustration of a rock sample burnishing and polishing fixture of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of an upper baffle of a rock sample burnishing and polishing fixture according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a rock sample preparation method according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rock sample polishing machine according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a disc trimming ring according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1-a base; 2-arc slide rail; 3-arc slide block; 4-a fixed table; 5-spherical hinge; 6-a lead screw; 7-lead screw nut; 8-connecting rod; 9-rotating the adjusting block; 10-nut slide rail; 11-a baffle plate; 12-a rock clamp; 13-baffle sliding chute; 14-a first direction mechanism; 15-a second direction mechanism; 16-a third direction mechanism; 17-a circular saw; 18-cutting the abdication slot; 19-a sample cartridge; 20-an upper baffle plate; 21-a lower baffle; 22-a card slot; 23-a rock polisher; 231-a body; 232-a water spray assembly; 233-polishing solution dropping component; 234-job tray; 235-a limit bracket; 236-a roller; 237-repair the disc ring.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the term "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, which may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, which may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "top," "bottom," "above … …," "below," and "on … …" as used throughout the description are relative positions with respect to components of the device, such as the relative positions of the top and bottom substrates inside the device. It will be appreciated that the devices are multifunctional, regardless of their orientation in space.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rock sample cutting apparatus, and through an azimuth angle adjustment mechanism and a pitch angle adjustment mechanism, the embodiment of the present invention can adjust a pitch angle and an azimuth angle of a rock relative to a circular saw 17, so that the cut rock sample can be closer to a standard rectangular thin slice of the rock sample, the cutting thickness is more uniform, the grinding and polishing workload of the cut rock sample is reduced, and the sample preparation efficiency of the rock sample is improved.
In particular, a rock sample cutting apparatus comprises: the device comprises a cutting mechanism, a rock fixing mechanism and an attitude adjusting mechanism; the cutting mechanism is movably arranged on a base 1 of the rock sample cutting equipment; the attitude adjusting structure comprises a fixed table 4, an azimuth angle adjusting mechanism and a pitch angle adjusting mechanism; the bottom surface of the fixed table 4 is connected with the base 1 through a spherical hinge 5, so that the fixed table 4 can rotate in any direction within an allowable angle range, and the movement interference between the azimuth angle adjusting mechanism and the pitch angle adjusting mechanism is avoided. In practical use, the cutting mechanism generally adopts the vertically arranged circular saw 17 to cut the rock, fixes the collected rock on the fixed platform 4, and in a vertical plane perpendicular to the circular saw 17, the pitching angle of the fixed platform 4 relative to the circular saw 17 is adjusted through the pitching angle adjusting mechanism, and in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the circular saw 17, the azimuth angle of the fixed platform 4 relative to the circular saw 17 is adjusted through the azimuth angle adjusting mechanism.
For convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal direction parallel to the circular saw 17 is an X-axis direction, the vertical direction parallel to the circular saw 17 is a Y-axis direction, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the circular saw 17 is a Z-axis direction. The pitch angle is the angle in a plane parallel to the Y-axis and the Z-axis, and the azimuth angle is the angle in a plane parallel to the X-axis and the Z-axis. By adjusting the pitching angle and the azimuth angle, the rectangular flaky rock sample with uniform thickness can be cut, the workload of grinding and polishing the cut rock sample is reduced, and the sample preparation efficiency of the rock sample is improved.
The rock sample cutting equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is also provided with a transparent shell, the transparent shell is hinged with the base 1, and the cutting mechanism, the rock fixing mechanism and the posture adjusting mechanism are all arranged in the transparent shell. Transparent shell can prevent splashing or the drifting of dust of rock piece among the rock cutting process, can not only protect operation personnel's safety, and the clearance of convenient cutting waste material is favorable to environmental protection in addition.
In the embodiment of the invention, the azimuth angle adjusting mechanism comprises an arc slide rail 2, an arc slide block 3 and a jacking screw, wherein the arc slide block 3 is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of a fixed table 4; the center of the circular arc slide rail 2 coincides with the center of the spherical hinge 5, and the azimuth angle adjusting structure of the embodiment of the invention enables the fixed station 4 to swing by taking the center of the spherical hinge 5 as the center of the circle, thereby realizing the adjustment of the azimuth angle. The jacking screw penetrates through the fixed platform 4 and abuts against the arc slide rail 2, and after the azimuth angle is adjusted, the jacking screw is screwed down, so that the jacking screw is screwed in and firmly abuts against the arc slide rail 2, and the azimuth angle is fixed. The arc sliding blocks 3 are at least 2 and can slide along the arc sliding rails 2, and the arc sliding blocks 3 and the spherical hinges 5 form a stable plane, so that the fixed table 4 cannot be laterally turned when the tightening screws lock the azimuth angle.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pitch angle adjusting mechanism comprises a ball screw mechanism and a connecting rod 8, a screw 6 of the ball screw mechanism is vertical to the base 1, a screw nut 7 of the ball screw mechanism is hinged with the connecting rod 8, and the connecting rod 8 is hinged with the arc slide rail 2. When the pitching angle is adjusted, the screw rod 6 is rotated, the screw rod nut 7 is enabled to translate up and down, the position of the sliding rail is adjusted through connection of the connecting rod 8, and then the pitching angle of the fixed table 4 is adjusted.
Specifically, the base 1 is provided with a through hole, the screw 6 penetrates through the through hole and penetrates out of the bottom surface of the base 1, the end part of the screw 6 penetrating out of the bottom surface of the base 1 is fixedly provided with a rotary adjusting block 9, and the rotation of the screw 6 can be realized only by screwing the rotary adjusting block 9; the screw 6 is connected with the base 1 through a bearing, so that the relative position of the screw 6 and the base 1 is unchanged along the axial direction of the screw 6, and the screw 6 can also rotate; the ball screw mechanism is provided with a nut slide rail 10 parallel to the screw 6, the screw nut 7 can translate along the nut slide rail 10, and when the screw 6 rotates, the screw nut 7 translates along the nut slide rail 10 and the screw 6 due to the limiting effect of the nut slide rail 10, and then the connecting rod 8 drives the arc slide rail 2 to move.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the fixed platform 4 relative to the circular saw 17 are adjusted by the pitch angle adjusting mechanism and the azimuth angle adjusting mechanism, so that the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the rock relative to the circular saw 17 can be adjusted by only fixing the collected rock on the fixed platform 4, and the rock is fixed on the fixed platform 4 by the rock fixing mechanism.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the rock fixing mechanism comprises a rock clamp 12 and a baffle plate 11, the baffle plate 11 and a circular saw 17 are parallel through adjustment of a pitch angle and an azimuth angle, namely, a surface tightly attached to the baffle plate 11 is parallel to a cutting surface, a cut rock sample is a parallelogram sheet with uniform thickness, and the baffle plate 11 is perpendicular to the clamping surface of the rock clamp 12, so that the cut rock sample is a rectangular sheet with uniform thickness. A baffle plate sliding groove 13 perpendicular to the baffle plate 11 is formed in the top surface of the fixed table 4, and the baffle plate 11 can move in a horizontal direction along the baffle plate sliding groove 13 to adjust the distance between the baffle plate 11 and the circular saw 17; baffle 11 is equipped with baffle 11 set screw, and baffle 11 set screw passes baffle 11, and can support on baffle spout 13, has adjusted the position of baffle 11 for fixed station 4, screws baffle 11 set screw, realizes the fixed of baffle 11 for the position of fixed station 4. Baffle 11 is equipped with the parallel anchor clamps spout with the top surface of fixed station 4, and rock jig 12 can follow the translation of anchor clamps spout for rock jig 12 can press from both sides tight rock all the time, and is exemplary, and rock jig 12 adopts vernier caliper's right triangle clamping jaw. The rock clamp 12 is provided with a clamp locking screw which penetrates through the rock clamp 12 and can abut against the clamp sliding groove, the position of the baffle plate 11 relative to the rock clamp 12 is adjusted, and the locking screw is screwed to fix the position of the baffle plate 11 relative to the rock clamp 12.
In order to achieve accurate cutting of rock, in the embodiment of the invention, the cutting mechanism comprises a circular saw 17 and a translation mechanism, wherein the translation mechanism comprises a first direction mechanism 14, a second direction mechanism 15 and a third direction mechanism 16; the first direction mechanism 14, the second direction mechanism 15 and the third direction mechanism 16 are all slide rail and slide block mechanisms; the slide rail and slide block mechanism comprises a linear slide rail and a linear slide block, and the linear slide block translates along the linear slide rail; a linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism 14 is fixed with the base 1, a linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism 15 is fixed with a linear slide block of the first direction mechanism 14, and a linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism 16 is fixed with a linear slide block of the second direction mechanism 15; the circular saw 17 is parallel to the fence 11. Wherein, the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism 14 is vertical to the top surface of the base 1, the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism 15 is vertical to the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism 14, and the linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism 16 is vertical to the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism 15; the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism 14, the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism 15 and the linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism 16 are located on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to or coincident with the central axis plane of the base 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first direction mechanism 14 realizes the position adjustment of the circular saw 17 in the X-axis direction, the second direction mechanism 15 realizes the position adjustment of the circular saw 17 in the Y-axis direction, and the third direction mechanism 16 realizes the position adjustment of the circular saw 17 in the Z-axis direction, so that the circular saw 17 can translate in the space on the premise of ensuring that the circular saw 17 is not twisted, and the precise cutting of the rock is completed.
Because the position adjustment of the circular saw 17 belongs to accurate control, the embodiment of the invention adopts automatic control, specifically, the slide rail slide block mechanism also comprises a linear motor, and the linear motor drives a linear slide block to translate in a linear slide rail; rock sample cutting equipment still is equipped with the main control system, and the main control system can send removal control signal to linear electric motor, and annular saw 17 passes through cutting motor drive and rotates, and the main control system can send cutting control signal to the cutting motor. When the embodiment of the invention is used, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle are adjusted, then the baffle 11 and the rock clamp 12 are fixed, the transparent shell is covered, the control host is started, and the circular saw 17 is used for cutting a certain cutting surface of the rock.
In order to prevent the fixed platform 4 from being damaged when the circular saw 17 is used for cutting, in the embodiment of the invention, the cutting abdicating groove 18 is arranged on the top surface of the fixed plate, so that the circular saw 17 is prevented from being cut to the fixed platform 4 while the circular saw 17 is ensured to finish cutting the rock, and meanwhile, the cutting abdicating groove 18 can also contain chips and powder generated when the rock is cut, thereby being convenient for cleaning the embodiment of the invention.
In addition, baffle spout 13 is equipped with the scale, can show the side of baffle 11 and rock contact to the cutting distance of groove 18 center of stepping down, and when main control system control circular saw 17's position, all use the cutting to step down the center of groove 18 as the reference point, adjust the relative and fixed station 4's of circular saw 17 spatial position through translation mechanism to realize the accurate control of cutting.
Example 2
After cutting the rock into a standard shape and size similar to a rock sample, the rock sample needs to be ground flat and polished to facilitate subsequent testing. Due to the process of cutting the rock sample into sheets, the cut rock sample is often not in a sheet shape with uniform thickness, and even the cutting surface is inclined. In the prior art, a rock sample is usually fixed on a sample chuck 19 in a glue bonding or mechanical fixing mode, and the problem is that it is difficult to ensure that a polished surface to be ground is approximately horizontal, so that the inclined surface is usually ground into a horizontal surface in a grinding process, and then the horizontal surface is ground and polished, so that the workload in the grinding process is greatly increased, and the existing grinding and polishing equipment can grind off 0.5mm in about 20min, so that the sample preparation process usually needs several hours. However, since the thickness difference of different samples may be obvious, a certain rock sample is ground flat, but other samples are not ground flat, and therefore, all samples are ground flat until all rock samples are ground flat, and otherwise, useless grinding operation is caused.
Aiming at the problems, the embodiment of the invention adopts the thermoplastic resin to fix a plurality of rock samples, and enables the surfaces to be ground and polished of all the rock samples to be approximately positioned on the same horizontal plane in a clamping and inverted cooling mode, thereby greatly reducing the grinding workload, improving the working efficiency of grinding and polishing, simultaneously processing the cutting surfaces of 3 rock samples, and generally finishing the grinding operation only in 5 min.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rock sample grinding and polishing fixture, and the rock sample grinding and polishing fixture according to the embodiment of the present invention is used in a rock sample preparation process. The grinding and polishing clamp for the rock sample comprises: a sample chuck 19, an upper baffle 20, a lower baffle 21 and bolts; through holes are formed in the centers of the sample chuck 19, the upper baffle plate 20 and the lower baffle plate 21; when the upper baffle 20, the lower baffle 21 and the sample chuck 19 are aligned in the axial direction, the respective through holes of the upper baffle 20, the lower baffle 21 and the sample chuck 19 are also aligned; bolts penetrate through the through holes of the sample chuck 19, the upper baffle plate 20 and the lower baffle plate 21 respectively, and the sample chuck 19, the upper baffle plate 20 and the lower baffle plate 21 are fastened together through nuts on the bolts; the sample chuck 19 is circular, 3 clamping grooves 22 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, the cross section of each clamping groove 22 is a rectangle with convex four sides, the size of the rectangle is 40 +/-5 mm multiplied by 25 +/-5 mm, and the size of the rectangle is slightly larger than the standard shape and the standard size of a rock sample. The top surface of overhead gage 20 is equipped with the sunken groove of bolt cap, and when the bolt passed sample chuck 19, overhead gage 20 and lower baffle 21, the sunken groove of bolt cap can be imbedded to the bolt cap of bolt, and the bolt cap can not be followed the top surface protrusion of overhead gage 20 for after whole grinding and polishing anchor clamps fall, can place on certain horizontal plane steadily.
It should be noted that the standard size of the rock sample may vary from test to test, but for a certain test the standard size of the rock sample is a customary size in the art, typically the standard size of the rock sample is not more than 40mm x 25mm and the thickness is less than 10 mm.
When the embodiment of the invention is used, the heated thermoplastic resin is filled in the clamping groove 22, and the rock sample is placed on the thermoplastic resin. At this time, due to the fact that the thermoplastic resin is excessively filled, the heated thermoplastic resin is in a plastic state, the cross section of the clamping groove 22 is in a rectangular shape with four convex sides, and the thermoplastic resin is filled in a gap between the side wall of the rock sample and the side wall of the clamping groove 22 and is relatively fixed to the rock sample. The sample chuck 19 is clamped by the upper and lower stop plates 20 and 21 and fixed by bolts, and at this time, if the thickness of the rock sample is too large, a plurality of spacers having the same shape as the sample chuck 19 can be placed. And (3) inverting the fixed grinding and polishing clamp to enable the to-be-ground polished surfaces of all the rock samples to be close to the upper baffle 20 as much as possible until the thermoplastic resin is cooled and solidified, and at the moment, detaching the sample chuck 19 to enable the to-be-ground polished surfaces of all the rock samples on the sample chuck 19 to be approximately in the same horizontal plane. If the grinding and polishing clamp is not inverted when the thermoplastic resin is cooled, the rock sample can continuously press the thermoplastic resin into a gap between the side wall of the rock sample and the side wall of the clamping groove 22 under the action of gravity, so that the rock sample has a settlement error, and the polished surfaces to be ground of all the rock samples cannot be approximately in the same horizontal plane.
The reason why the thermoplastic resin is used is that: the thermoplastic resin assumes a plastic state after heating, but is not fluid in the conventional sense, so that the burnishing and polishing jig can be inverted without regard to the flow of the thermoplastic resin; the cooled thermoplastic resin is rigid, can fix the rock sample and keep the posture of the rock sample, so that the polished surfaces to be ground of all the rock samples are kept in a state of being approximately in the same horizontal plane; in addition, only need heat thermoplastic resin again after the rock sample is tested, just can retrieve thermoplastic resin, convenient reuse, and hardly have the loss.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 7, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rock sample preparation method, and the rock sample preparation method of the embodiment of the present invention uses the rock sample cutting device of embodiment 1 when performing rock cutting, and uses the rock sample polishing clamp of embodiment 2 when performing rock polishing and polishing to clamp and fix the rock sample.
Specifically, the rock sample preparation method comprises the following steps:
Usually, a test target rock needs to be collected on site, in order to facilitate cutting, the collected rock should not be too large, the too large rock should be firstly and preliminarily crushed into small rocks, the characteristic dimension of the small rocks should be larger than the standard dimension of a rock sample and not larger than 3 times of the standard dimension, namely, the small rocks should be completely placed in a cuboid space corresponding to 3 times of the length, width and thickness of the standard dimension of the rock sample. According to the embodiment of the invention, the phenomenon that the size of the collected rock is too large and the workload of rock cutting is increased is avoided, so that the sample preparation efficiency of the rock sample is improved, and in addition, if the size of the rock is too large, the rock sample cutting equipment is not favorable for fixing the rock.
The rock sample cutting device in example 2 was used to cut the collected rock and the size of the cut rock sample was guaranteed to be slightly larger than the standard size of the rock sample.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, loosening a clamp locking screw, placing the collected rock on a fixing table 4, enabling one surface of the cut rock to abut against a baffle plate 11, adjusting a clamping jaw of a rock clamp 12, clamping the rock, tightening the clamp locking screw at the moment, and fixing the relative position of the clamping jaw and the baffle plate 11; and then the position of the baffle 11 relative to the fixed platform 4 is adjusted along the baffle sliding chute 13, the fixing screw of the baffle 11 is screwed down, the relative position of the baffle 11 and the fixed platform 4 is fixed, and the collected rock is fixed on the fixed platform 4. In this process it should be ensured that the circular saw 17 is able to cut the harvested rock into a sufficiently large cutting plane above the cutting relief groove 18.
2.2, rotating the fixed table 4 to enable the arc sliding block 3 to slide in the arc sliding rail 2, so that the azimuth angle of the rock relative to the circular saw 17 is adjusted through the fixed table 4, and screwing a jacking screw to fix the azimuth angle; and the rotary adjusting block 9 is twisted, the screw rod 6 is rotated, and the nut is enabled to move up and down along the screw rod 6 and the nut sliding rail 10, so that the pitch angle of the rock relative to the circular saw 17 is adjusted through the fixed platform 4, the rotary adjusting block 9 is stopped being twisted, and the pitch angle is fixed. So that the fence 11 is parallel to the circular saw 17.
And 2.3, covering the transparent shell, setting the cutting position and the feeding amount of the circular saw 17 on the control host, starting the circular saw 17, and closing the circular saw 17 after finishing cutting one cutting surface of the collected rock.
And 2.4, taking the rock down, rotating the rock handle, repeating the steps 2.1 to 2.3, and ensuring that the cut surface which is just cut is abutted against the rock clamp 12 or the baffle 11 until the rock is cut into a rectangular flaky rock sample plate with uniform thickness.
And 2.5, repeating the steps 2.1 to 2.4 until the cutting of all rock samples is completed.
And 3, grinding and polishing the cut rock samples, fixing the plurality of cut rock samples on the sample chuck 19 by using the grinding and polishing clamp for the rock samples in the embodiment 2 through heated thermoplastic resin, ensuring that the surfaces to be ground and polished of all the rock samples are positioned on the same plane, and grinding and polishing the rock samples fixed on the grinding and polishing clamp for the rock samples by using a rock polishing machine.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
and 3.1, heating the thermoplastic resin until the thermoplastic resin is in a plastic state, and adding the heated thermoplastic resin into each clamping groove 22 of the sample chuck 19.
And 3.2, placing the to-be-ground polished surface of the rock sample on thermoplastic resin upwards to ensure that the thermoplastic resin is excessively filled until thermoplastic resin is filled between the four edges of the rock sample and the inner wall of the clamping groove 22, and preventing the rock sample from shaking in the clamping groove 22 after the thermoplastic resin is solidified. When placing a plurality of rock samples in the sample chuck 19, it is necessary to ensure that the faces to be cut of all rock samples are approximately in the same plane.
And 3.3, placing the sample clamping plate between the upper baffle plate 20 and the lower baffle plate 21, clamping and aligning the sample chuck 19 by using the upper baffle plate 20 and the lower baffle plate 21, penetrating a bolt through holes of the upper baffle plate 20, the lower baffle plate 21 and the sample chuck 19, and screwing a nut of the bolt from the other side to finish the fixation of the grinding and polishing clamp, so that the upper baffle plate 20 and the lower baffle plate 21 are always in a state of pressing the sample clamping plate and the rock sample and the thermoplastic resin in the clamping groove 22.
Step 3.4, inverting the grinding and polishing clamp, keeping the surface to be ground and polished of the rock sample facing downwards, and cooling the thermoplastic resin until the thermoplastic resin is completely solidified; inverting the sample chuck 19 again to enable the surface to be ground and polished, which holds the rock sample, to be upward, detaching the bolts, and taking down the sample chuck plate from the position between the upper baffle plate 20 and the lower baffle plate 21; the cooled thermoplastic resin can fix the rock sample and maintain the posture of the rock sample, so that the polished surfaces to be ground of all the rock samples are kept in a state of being approximately in the same horizontal plane.
Step 3.5, the sample chuck 19 is mounted on the working tray 234 of the rock polisher 23 for grinding and polishing.
And 3.6, repeating the steps 3.1 to 3.5 until finishing the grinding and polishing operation on all the cutting surfaces of the rock sample. After the subsequent testing of the rock sample is completed, the rock sample is heated until the thermoplastic resin is in a plastic state, the thermoplastic resin is recovered and used in step S3.1 so that the thermoplastic resin can be recycled.
And (3) aiming at the step 3, grinding and polishing the other 3 calcite samples obtained by cutting the same rock one by using the existing method in the field, wherein the average grinding time of a single calcite sample is 20min, the average grinding time of other procedures of the single calcite sample is 10min, and the total grinding time is 90 min.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for grinding and polishing 3 calcite samples, wherein the grinding and polishing time is 5min, the grinding and polishing time is 10min when other processes are shared, and the grinding and polishing of the 3 calcite samples are completed in 15 min. Obviously, the method for preparing the rock sample greatly shortens the working time and improves the working efficiency.
Example 4
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a rock polishing machine used in embodiment 3 is disclosed, and as shown in fig. 8 to 9, the rock polishing machine 23 includes a main body 231, a control assembly and a sheet loading assembly, the number of the sheet loading assemblies is one or more, preferably 2, the main body 231 is provided with a water spraying assembly 232, a polishing liquid dropping assembly 233, a working tray 234 and a driving motor for driving the working tray 234 to rotate, wherein the polishing liquid dropping assembly 233 is used for dropping polishing liquid to the working tray 234, and the control assembly is provided inside the main body 231 for controlling the grinding and polishing process of the rock sheets; the slice loading assembly comprises a loading sample chuck 19, a disc trimming ring 237 and a limiting bracket 235, the disc trimming ring 237 is of a hollow cylinder structure, the loading sample chuck 19 can be detachably and fixedly arranged in the disc trimming ring 237, the loading sample chuck 19 is arranged in the disc trimming ring 237 to form an integral combination, the limiting bracket 235 can limit the position of the integral combination, namely, the loading sample chuck 19 is limited at a certain position of the operation tray 234, the limiting bracket 235 is provided with two rollers 236 and a roller motor for driving the rollers 236 to rotate, the rollers 236 are tangent to the outer peripheral wall of the disc trimming ring 237 to drive the loading sample chuck 19 to rotate, and the rotating direction of the loading sample chuck 19 is opposite to that of the operation tray 234.
In practice, the rock sample polishing jig of example 2 is used to fix the sample to be polished in the clamping groove 22 of the sample loading chuck 19 so that the surfaces to be polished of the rock sample are all approximately at the same horizontal plane, the sample loading chuck 19 is placed in the dressing ring 237, and then the loading assembly with the rock sample is placed on the working tray 234, and the surface to be polished of the rock sample is in contact with the working tray 234. The spacing bracket 235 is adjusted to make the roller 236 tangent to the dressing ring 237. The rotating speed and the rotating time of the operation tray 234 are set through the control assembly, parameters such as the speed and the dropping time of the polishing solution dropping assembly 233 are set, the rock polishing machine is started to grind and polish the rock sample, the sample loading chuck 19 generates a speed difference with the rotating operation tray 234 under the combined action of the disc trimming ring 237 and the roller 236, the water spraying assembly 232 continuously sprays water to the rotating operation tray 234 in the grinding process, the polishing solution dropping assembly 233 continuously drops the polishing solution to the rotating operation tray 234, and after the rock polishing machine works for a set time, the rock polishing machine is closed to finish grinding and polishing of the rock sample.
When the polishing surface to be ground of the rock sample is ground and polished, the polishing liquid is dripped on the polishing surface to be ground of the rock sample through the peristaltic pump of the polishing liquid dripping component 233; a magnetic stirring rotor is placed in the polishing liquid container of the polishing liquid dropping unit 233, and the polishing liquid container is placed on a magnetic stirrer, keeping stirring of the polishing liquid. The polishing solution can be kept in a mixed state all the time by using a magnetic stirring mode, effective components in the polishing solution are prevented from precipitating, and the polishing efficiency and effect are improved.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a rock sample cutting device and a rock sample preparation method, the rock sample cutting device of the invention uses a pitch angle adjusting mechanism and an azimuth angle adjusting mechanism, and can adjust the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of a rock relative to a circular saw, so that the rock sample cutting device of the invention can cut rectangular flaky rock samples with more uniform thickness, the workload of subsequent grinding operation is reduced, and the sample preparation efficiency of the rock samples is improved; the rock sample cutting equipment can realize the accurate movement of X, Y, Z three shafts through the cutting structure, so that the accurate control of a circular saw on the rock cutting position is realized, the shape of a cut pattern sample is more regular, the size of the cut pattern sample is closer to the standard size of the rock sample, the work of subsequent grinding operation is further reduced, and the sample preparation accuracy and the sample preparation efficiency of the rock sample are improved; the rock sample cutting equipment has the advantages of simple structure, easy cleaning and maintenance, safety and reliability, simple and convenient operation, no need of special operation training for operators and reduction of the use limit of the operators; by using the rock sample preparation method provided by the invention, the sample preparation efficiency and the qualification rate of a single rock sample can be improved, in addition, continuous batch sample preparation of a plurality of rock samples can be carried out, and the sample preparation efficiency of the rock sample is further improved on the whole.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rock sample cutting apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: the device comprises a cutting mechanism, a rock fixing mechanism and an attitude adjusting mechanism; the cutting mechanism is movably arranged on a base (1) of the rock sample cutting equipment;
the attitude adjusting structure comprises a fixed table (4), an azimuth angle adjusting mechanism and a pitch angle adjusting mechanism; the bottom surface of the fixed table (4) is connected with the base (1) through a spherical hinge (5).
2. The rock sample cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the azimuth angle adjusting mechanism comprises a circular arc slide rail (2), a circular arc slide block (3) and a tightening screw, wherein the circular arc slide block (3) is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the fixed table (4); the circle center of the arc slide rail (2) is superposed with the center of the spherical hinge (5); the jacking screw penetrates through the fixed table (4) and abuts against the arc slide rail (2); the number of the arc sliding blocks (3) is at least 2, and the arc sliding blocks can slide along the arc sliding rails (2).
3. The rock sample cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pitch angle adjustment mechanism comprises a ball screw mechanism and a connecting rod (8), wherein a screw (6) of the ball screw mechanism is perpendicular to the base (1), a screw nut (7) of the ball screw mechanism is hinged with the connecting rod (8), and the connecting rod (8) is hinged with the circular arc slide rail (2).
4. The rock sample cutting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the base (1) is provided with a through hole, the lead screw (6) passes through the through hole and penetrates out of the bottom surface of the base (1), and a rotary adjusting block (9) is fixedly arranged at the end of the lead screw (6) penetrating out of the bottom surface of the base (1); the lead screw (6) is connected with the base (1) through a bearing;
the ball screw mechanism is provided with a nut slide rail (10) parallel to the screw (6), and the screw nut (7) can translate along the nut slide rail (10).
5. The rock sample cutting apparatus according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rock securing mechanism comprises a rock clamp (12) and a baffle (11), the baffle (11) being perpendicular to a clamping surface of the rock clamp (12);
a baffle sliding groove (13) perpendicular to the baffle (11) is formed in the top surface of the fixed table (4), and the baffle (11) can move horizontally along the baffle sliding groove (13); the baffle (11) is provided with a baffle (11) fixing screw; the fixing screw of the baffle (11) penetrates through the baffle (11) and can abut against the baffle sliding groove (13);
the baffle (11) is provided with a clamp sliding groove parallel to the top surface of the fixed table (4), and the rock clamp (12) can translate along the clamp sliding groove; the rock clamp (12) is provided with a clamp locking screw which penetrates through the rock clamp (12) and can abut against the clamp sliding groove.
6. The rock sample cutting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises a circular saw (17) and a translation mechanism comprising a first direction mechanism (14), a second direction mechanism (15), a third direction mechanism (16); the first direction mechanism (14), the second direction mechanism (15) and the third direction mechanism (16) are all slide rail and slide block mechanisms; the slide rail and slide block mechanism comprises a linear slide rail and a linear slide block, and the linear slide block translates along the linear slide rail; a linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism (14) is fixed with the base (1), a linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism (15) is fixed with a linear slide block of the first direction mechanism (14), and a linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism (16) is fixed with a linear slide block of the second direction mechanism (15); the circular saw (17) is parallel to the baffle (11);
the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism (14) is vertical to the top surface of the base (1), the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism (15) is vertical to the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism (14), and the linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism (16) is vertical to the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism (15); the linear slide rail of the first direction mechanism (14), the linear slide rail of the second direction mechanism (15) and the linear slide rail of the third direction mechanism (16) are positioned on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to or coincided with the middle axial plane of the base (1).
7. The rock sample cutting device of claim 6, wherein the sled slider mechanism further comprises a linear motor that drives a linear sled to translate within a linear sled;
the rock sample cutting equipment is further provided with a control host, and the control host can send a movement control signal to the linear motor.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that said circular saw (17) is driven in rotation by a cutting motor, said control host being able to send a cutting control signal to the cutting motor;
the top surface of the fixed plate is provided with a cutting abdicating groove (18).
9. A rock sample preparation method using the rock sample cutting apparatus of claims 1 to 8;
the rock sample preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting rocks, wherein the characteristic size of the collected rocks is not more than 3 times of the standard size of a rock sample;
s2, cutting rock into rock samples by using rock sample cutting equipment;
and S3, grinding and polishing the test surface of the cut rock sample.
10. The rock sample preparation method according to claim 9, wherein in step S2:
s2.1, fixing the collected rocks on a fixed table (4) by using a rock fixing mechanism;
s2.2, adjusting the pitching angle of the fixed table (4) by using a pitching angle adjusting mechanism; adjusting the azimuth angle of the fixed table (4) by using an azimuth angle adjusting mechanism;
s2.3, starting a cutting mechanism, cutting one surface of the rock, and stopping the cutting mechanism;
s2.4, rotating the rock, and repeating the steps S2.1 to S2.3 until the rock is cut into a rectangular sheet-shaped rock sample.
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