CN111649684A - Structural member strain measurement method and system - Google Patents
Structural member strain measurement method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111649684A CN111649684A CN202010545731.XA CN202010545731A CN111649684A CN 111649684 A CN111649684 A CN 111649684A CN 202010545731 A CN202010545731 A CN 202010545731A CN 111649684 A CN111649684 A CN 111649684A
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- structural member
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of structural stress measurement, in particular to a structural member strain measurement method and system. A method for measuring structural member strain comprises preparing a structural member to be measured with a stress color-changing material; applying stress to the structural part to be detected according to detection requirements; and judging the strain condition of the structural part to be detected according to the color change condition of the structural part to be detected. According to the structural member strain measurement method, the structural member to be measured is prepared by using the stress color-changing material, and when the structural member to be measured is stressed, different colors can be visually displayed on the structural member to be measured according to the stress color-changing characteristic of the stress color-changing material. And the stress and strain condition of the structural part to be tested can be judged according to the condition of the color-changing color on the structural part to be tested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural stress measurement, in particular to a structural member strain measurement method and system.
Background
The local relative deformation of the object under the action of factors such as external force or non-uniform temperature field is directly related to the stress condition of the mechanical structure and is used as a main evaluation standard for structural damage and failure.
The strain measurement technology is mostly a resistance strain gage method: and adhering a resistance strain gauge on the surface of the measured structural member, wherein the resistance value of the strain gauge is linearly related to the strain of the surface of the structure, and the strain of the surface of the structure can be obtained by measuring the resistance change of the strain gauge. However, the method can only measure the surface strain of the structure one point by one point, and the strain gauge is easy to be debonded under the conditions of high-speed impact/large deformation, and a lead is required to be connected with the strain gauge.
In order to solve the above problems, the prior art provides an optical fiber method, which uses an optical fiber to replace the conventional strain gauge to measure the strain distribution of the structure. When the structure is deformed, the optical fiber is deformed and the refractive index is changed, and the deformation condition of each part of the optical fiber can be obtained by processing the optical signal measured by the receiving end. But as the stations increase, the quality of the measurement decreases.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the problem of how to measure the stress of the structural part, and provides a structural part strain measurement method and system.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a structural member strain measurement method, including:
preparing a structural part to be tested by using a stress color-changing material;
applying stress to the structural part to be detected according to detection requirements;
and judging the strain condition of the structural part to be detected according to the color change condition of the structural part to be detected.
Further, the preparation of the structural member to be tested by using the stress color-changing material comprises:
creating model data of the structural part to be tested;
an additive manufacturing system acquires the model data;
and selecting the stress color-changing material and preparing the structural part to be tested by the additive manufacturing system according to the model data.
Further, according to the discoloration condition of the structural member to be tested, the strain condition of the structural member to be tested is judged, including: and comparing the color of the color-changing position of the current structural part to be detected with the strain color-changing standard table of the stress color-changing material.
Further, after the strain condition of the structural part to be detected is judged according to the color change condition of the structural part to be detected, the model data is improved according to the color change position of the structural part to be detected.
Further, the model data may be any one or more of a 2D coordinate parameter, a 2D design drawing, and a 3D physical model of the structural member to be measured.
Further, the stress color-changing material is a color-changing resin.
Further, the additive manufacturing system is a 3D printing system, and the stress color-changing material is a printing consumable of the 3D printing system.
The invention also provides a structural member strain measurement system, comprising: the additive manufacturing system is used for realizing structural molding of the stress color-changing material; and a method for measuring the structural member strain as described above.
The structural member strain measurement system of the present invention further includes a load applying system for applying stress to the frame member to be measured.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the structural member strain measurement method, the structural member to be measured is prepared by using the stress color-changing material, and when the structural member to be measured is stressed, different colors can be visually displayed on the structural member to be measured according to the stress color-changing characteristic of the stress color-changing material. And the stress and strain condition of the structural part to be tested can be judged according to the condition of the color-changing color on the structural part to be tested. The structural member to be measured in the invention can be directly stressed to change color to display the strain condition without using a strain gauge or an optical fiber in the background technology, so that the problems of measurement inaccuracy caused by debonding of the strain gauge and increase of measuring points on the optical fiber can be solved. Meanwhile, in the existing methods, measurement equipment is pasted/sprayed after the preparation of the test piece is finished, the measured strain is the strain of the structural part after cooling, the pre-strain generated by layer-by-layer cooling in the machining process cannot be measured, and the influence of the pre-strain on the deformation and damage of the structure is analyzed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a structural member strain measurement method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a process of preparing a structural member to be tested with a stress color-changing material in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is another flow chart of the method for measuring structural member strain in example 1 according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a strain color change diagram of the structural member to be tested in embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, a structural member strain 3 measuring method provided for this embodiment is used for a structural member of a spacecraft in this embodiment, so as to detect a stress deformation condition of the spacecraft or a distribution condition of stresses therein during a machining process. Thereby ensuring the stability of the product quality of the spacecraft structural part.
Which comprises the following steps:
s1: and preparing the structural part to be tested by using the stress color-changing material. The structural part to be tested is prepared and molded by using the stress color-changing material, and the characteristic that the stress color-changing material generates color change when stressed is utilized, so that the strain position of the structural part to be tested and the strain degree of the strain position can be conveniently researched or observed by a designer.
Specifically, the stress color-changing material in this embodiment is a color-changing resin. As shown in fig. 2, the preparation of the structural member to be tested with the stress color change material includes the following implementation steps:
s101: and creating model data of the structural part to be tested. The model data in this embodiment is a 3D physical model diagram of the structural member to be measured, and may be a 2D coordinate parameter or a 2D design drawing of the structural member to be measured, or a combination of the three model data in some embodiments. The 3D physical model diagram in this embodiment may be imported from an existing file, or drawn by drawing software such as solidedge, solidworks, UG, and pro during the design process.
S102: the model data is acquired by an additive manufacturing system, and a host computer in the additive manufacturing system controls operation of the additive manufacturing system. And converting the model data into a format required by the host computer according to the control analysis requirement of the host computer, and importing the converted model data into the host computer to finish the acquisition of the model data by the additive manufacturing system.
In other embodiments, the host computer may be installed with drawing software such as solidedge, solidworks, UG, pro, and the like, so as to facilitate a tester to directly complete creation of model data in the host computer of the additive manufacturing system.
In other embodiments, the host computer may develop relevant design software to avoid intermediate files, such as a conversion process in terms of format, and shorten the model data acquisition process.
S103: and selecting the stress color-changing material and preparing the structural part to be tested by the additive manufacturing system according to the model data. The material increase manufacturing system in this embodiment is 3D printing system, and the printing consumables in the printing system is regarded as to the resin that discolours, heaies up to semi-solid state in 3D printing system, extrudees out from the shower nozzle then, and the solidification of cooling in the external environment forms the structure that awaits measuring. In the printing process, a host computer in the 3D printing system controls the extrusion position and the extrusion amount of the spray head, and the structural part to be tested is printed layer by layer according to the slicing result so as to ensure the forming precision of the final structural part to be tested.
In other embodiments, the structural member to be tested prepared from the stress color-changing material can be further processed by machining or injection molding, so that the machining precision is high, the injection molding is suitable for large-batch processing and preparation, and a tester can select a proper processing means according to actual testing requirements.
S2: and applying stress to the structural part to be detected according to the detection requirement. Common load contains pulling force, pressure, shear force, moment of flexure, impact force, vibration excitation etc. and corresponding loading equipment contains universal tester, pneumatic cylinder, drop hammer testing machine, flick big gun, shaking table etc.. During the test, corresponding test equipment is selected according to the specific use load condition, the stress size and the stress position of the structural member so as to simulate the real stress condition of the structural member to be tested in the actual use environment.
S3: and cooling the structural part to be tested to the room temperature of 20 ℃, and judging the strain condition of the structural part to be tested according to the color change condition of the structural part to be tested. Specifically, the color of the color changing position of the current structural member to be tested is compared with a strain color changing standard table of the stress color changing material. As shown in fig. 4, which shows the results of a typical structural member stress test. Under the condition of constant temperature, the color of the color-changing resin is changed from yellow to red along with the increase of strain, and if the structure is subjected to plastic deformation, the color-changing phenomenon is remained after unloading. In response to a typical structural member, the areas of the structure that are strained more by stress concentration turn from a pale yellow color to a deep red color, while the unstrained areas remain pale yellow. And observing the color change condition of the structure to obtain the strain and stress concentration areas of the structure.
Therefore, in the structural member strain measurement method in the embodiment, the structural member to be measured is prepared by using the stress color-changing material, and when the structural member to be measured is under stress, different colors can be visually displayed on the structural member to be measured according to the stress color-changing characteristic of the stress color-changing material. And the stress and strain condition of the structural part to be tested can be judged according to the condition of the color-changing color on the structural part to be tested. Because the structural part to be measured in the embodiment can be directly stressed to change color and display the strain condition, a strain gauge or an optical fiber in the background technology is not needed, and the structural part to be measured cannot be contacted, the problems of measurement inaccuracy caused by debonding of the strain gauge and increase of measuring points on the optical fiber cannot exist. The device can also realize effective measurement on the surface of a complex structure, does not need additional measurement and detection equipment, and is low in cost.
Furthermore, in the existing method, after the test piece is prepared, the measurement equipment is pasted/sprayed, the measured strain is the strain of the structure after cooling, the pre-strain generated by cooling layer by layer in the machining process cannot be measured, and the influence of the pre-strain on the deformation and damage of the structure is analyzed.
In this embodiment, after the strain condition of the structural member to be tested is determined according to the color change condition of the structural member to be tested, the model data can be improved according to the color change position of the structural member to be tested, and the structure at the relevant stress concentration position is improved, so as to improve the structural strength of the whole structural member to be tested.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a structural member strain measurement system, including: the additive manufacturing system is used for realizing structural molding of the stress color-changing material, measuring the strain condition of the structural member to be tested by adopting the structural member strain measuring method in the embodiment 1 after the structural member to be tested is molded, and measuring the residual stress of the structural member to be tested prepared and molded by the additive manufacturing technology. The measurement result can be used for a theoretical calculation model, and the processing parameters can be adjusted by processing personnel according to the distribution condition of the residual stress, so that the processing residual stress is reduced.
The embodiment of the invention further comprises a load applying system for applying stress to the structural part to be tested so as to simulate the stress condition of the structural part to be tested in the actual working condition and further simulate the strain condition of the structural part to be tested in the stress condition, and the strain condition of the structural part to be tested is easier to observe and analyze by a tester on the basis of adopting the stress color-changing material.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A structural member strain measurement method, comprising:
preparing a structural part to be tested by using a stress color-changing material;
applying stress to the structural part to be detected according to detection requirements;
and judging the strain condition of the structural part to be detected according to the color change condition of the structural part to be detected.
2. The structural member strain measurement method of claim 1, wherein the preparing of the structural member to be measured with the stress color-changing material comprises:
creating model data of the structural part to be tested;
an additive manufacturing system acquires the model data;
and selecting the stress color-changing material and preparing the structural part to be tested by the additive manufacturing system according to the model data.
3. The structural member strain measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the strain condition of the structural member to be measured according to the color change condition of the structural member to be measured comprises:
and comparing the color of the color-changing position of the current structural part to be detected with the strain color-changing standard table of the stress color-changing material.
4. The structural member strain measurement method according to claim 2, wherein after the strain condition of the structural member to be measured is judged according to the color change condition of the structural member to be measured, the model data is improved according to the color change position of the structural member to be measured.
5. The structural member strain measurement method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the model data may be any one or more of 2D coordinate parameters, 2D design drawings and 3D physical models of the structural member to be measured.
6. The structural member strain measurement method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the stress color-changing material is a color-changing resin.
7. The structural member strain measurement method of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the additive manufacturing system is a 3D printing system, and the stress color-changing material is a printing consumable of the 3D printing system.
8. A structural member strain measurement system, comprising:
the additive manufacturing system is used for realizing structural molding of the stress color-changing material;
and a method of strain measurement of a structural member according to any of claims 1 to 7.
9. The structural member strain measurement system of claim 8, further comprising a load applying system for applying stress to the frame under test member.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114659685A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-06-24 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Pipeline assembly stress detection method |
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Address after: 100045 1-14-214, 2nd floor, 136 Xiwai street, Xicheng District, Beijing Applicant after: Beijing Star glory Space Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: Beijing Star glory Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 329, floor 3, building 1, No. 9, Desheng South Street, Daxing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing 100176 Applicant before: BEIJING I-SPACE TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: Beijing Star glory Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |
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