CN111648784A - Semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed - Google Patents
Semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed Download PDFInfo
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- CN111648784A CN111648784A CN202010493625.1A CN202010493625A CN111648784A CN 111648784 A CN111648784 A CN 111648784A CN 202010493625 A CN202010493625 A CN 202010493625A CN 111648784 A CN111648784 A CN 111648784A
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- tunnel
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- photovoltaic
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed, which comprises: the concrete supporting structures are arranged on two sides of a road and extend outwards from a tunnel opening of the tunnel, and ventilation openings are formed in the middle and/or the upper part of the concrete supporting structures; the steel structure arched beams are spanned on the concrete support structures respectively positioned on the two sides of the road; the light-tight photovoltaic assembly is arranged in the middle area of the steel structure arched beam in the transverse direction; the gradual change printing opacity device is installed steel construction arched beam is located transversely on the region of middle zone both sides, gradual change printing opacity device's luminousness is the increase trend in the direction that extends along the tunnel portal outwards. The semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed can effectively relieve the effects of 'black holes' and 'white holes' when a driver enters and exits a tunnel portal and can achieve the purposes of saving energy, reducing carbon and improving the safety guarantee level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of highway tunnel photovoltaic equipment, and particularly relates to a semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed.
Background
The tunnel shading shed is a shading device which is arranged at the entrance and the exit of the tunnel and is paved by extending the entrance or the exit of the tunnel outwards. Because the light in the tunnel is dim, the driver of the vehicle is easy to have a 'black hole effect' visually at the moment of entering the tunnel from an external bright environment, and cannot see the road in the tunnel clearly; at the moment of exiting from the tunnel exit, the tunnel is easy to generate visual white hole effect, cannot adapt to the external light environment quickly, and is easy to cause traffic accidents. The tunnel shade is designed to alleviate the black hole and white hole effects. In the early application, the tunnel shading shed is usually made of a common shed body, for example, chinese patent document CN208201676U discloses a shading shed for highway tunnel exit, which comprises a steel bar frame and a shading blocking shed, wherein the shading blocking shed is located at the top of the steel bar frame, the top end of the steel bar frame is welded with a framework, a strut is fixedly connected with the end face of the top end of the framework, a positioning steel sleeve is welded on the outer side of the top end of the strut, the shading blocking shed is fixedly connected with the framework through the positioning steel sleeve, and a fixing buckle is welded between the positioning steel sleeve and the strut, so as to fix the steel bar frame and the shading blocking shed.
Above-mentioned early sunshade canopy structure is comparatively simple, carries out the shading through setting up the sunshade canopy, forms the transition region of a light in the exit in tunnel for navigating mate can carry out excessively in this region when rolling away from the export, thereby can adapt to outside light change gradually. However, the function of the sunshade is single, the cost for building the sunshade is high, and the sunshade does not generate economic value, so that the economic performance is poor. In this case, in order to solve this problem, the photovoltaic film can be used for the tunnel shading shed, and can be used for photovoltaic power generation while playing a role in shading, and the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation can be used for supplying power in the tunnel or to the power grid, so that the economic performance of the shading shed is improved.
However, in the prior art, the research on the application of the photovoltaic film to the tunnel shading shed is less, and the economic efficiency and the functionality of the shading shed can be improved by optimizing the overall structure of the shading shed and the laying mode of the photovoltaic film, which is a technical problem that is not solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that the research on the whole structure of the shading shed and the laying mode of a photovoltaic film is less and a tunnel shading shed device with excellent economy and functionality is lacked in the prior art, and further provides a semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed with good economy, functionality and practicability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading canopy, includes: the concrete supporting structures are arranged on two sides of a road and extend outwards from a tunnel opening of the tunnel, and ventilation openings are formed in the middle and/or the upper part of the concrete supporting structures; the steel structure arched beams are spanned on the concrete support structures respectively positioned on the two sides of the road; the light-tight photovoltaic assembly is arranged in the middle area of the steel structure arched beam in the transverse direction; the gradual change printing opacity device is installed steel construction arched beam is located transversely on the region of middle zone both sides, gradual change printing opacity device's luminousness is the increase trend in the direction that extends along the tunnel portal outwards.
The gradual change light transmission device adopts a gradual change light transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly.
The gradual change printing opacity formula photovoltaic cell subassembly includes along first printing opacity formula photovoltaic cell subassembly, second printing opacity formula photovoltaic cell subassembly and the third printing opacity formula photovoltaic cell subassembly that sets gradually in the outside direction that extends of tunnel portal, three the luminousness of printing opacity formula photovoltaic cell subassembly increases gradually.
The light transmittance of the first light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module is 10% -20%, the light transmittance of the second light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module is 20% -40%, and the light transmittance of the third light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module is 40% -70%.
The length of each light-transmitting photovoltaic cell assembly in the direction extending outwards along the tunnel opening is 20-30 meters.
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the light-tight crystalline silicon cell is more than or equal to 23 percent; the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the light-transmitting photovoltaic cell assembly is greater than or equal to 18%.
The impact strength of the concrete support structure is greater than or equal to the SB strength.
The height of the concrete supporting structure is 1.2-1.5 m.
The vent sets up to the arc vent, the top end opening of arc vent is located concrete support structure's top surface.
The light-tight photovoltaic module is an arc-shaped flexible thin film photovoltaic module or a ridge-shaped crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell module.
The semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed has the advantages that:
the invention discloses a semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed integrating photovoltaic power generation, and the semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed integrates clean energy photovoltaic equipment, gradual change of natural light transmission at an inlet and an outlet of a tunnel, enhancement of visibility of a driver and energy conservation and emission reduction functions. Through the design of the concrete supporting structure, the steel structure arched beam, the light-tight photovoltaic module and the gradual change light transmission device, the natural light transmittance of the shading shed can be gradually reduced or increased along the vehicle running direction at the tunnel portal, the natural transition of driver vision light into the tunnel and the natural transition out of the tunnel are realized, the visual adaptability problem of the driver entering and exiting the tunnel is greatly relieved, and the driving risks of the black hole effect and the white hole effect when the driver enters and exits the tunnel portal are relieved. In addition, through the construction of the facility, the reinforced illumination section of the entrance and the exit of the tunnel is reduced to the basic illumination section, and a reinforced illumination lamp does not need to be arranged, so that a large amount of investment of the illumination lamp and electricity charge consumption in the operation period are saved. According to the semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed, the photovoltaic module adopts clean solar energy to generate power, and can be directly incorporated into a power grid or used for electrical load equipment in a tunnel, so that the purposes of energy conservation, low carbon and double improvement of safety guarantee level are achieved.
Structurally, the ventilation openings are formed in the middle and/or the upper part of the concrete supporting structure and used for realizing ventilation in the shelter, so that the problem that the air flowability of the shading shelter in the prior art is poor and the environment in the shading shelter is influenced is solved. Meanwhile, the light-tight photovoltaic assembly is arranged in the middle area of the steel structure arched beam in the transverse direction, and the gradual change light transmission devices are arranged on two sides of the light-tight photovoltaic assembly, so that the light-tight arched beam has the advantages of enabling the light-tight arched beam to have proper brightness in the shading shed and avoiding the influence of too bright light or too dark light on the effect of the shading shed.
In order to make the technical scheme of the semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed more clearly understood, the invention is further described with reference to the specific drawings and the specific embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed according to the present invention;
wherein the reference numerals are:
1-a concrete support structure; 11-a curved vent; 21-opaque photovoltaic module; 22-a first light transmissive photovoltaic cell assembly; 23-a second light-transmissive photovoltaic cell assembly; 24-a third light-transmissive photovoltaic cell assembly; 31-transverse steel pipe; 32-longitudinal steel pipes.
Detailed Description
In the following embodiments, the term "lateral" in the direction refers to a direction in which a road extends, and is referred to as a "longitudinal direction" which is the same direction as the direction in which the road extends, and a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, that is, a direction in which a boundary line between a cross section of the road and a road surface extends is referred to as a "lateral direction".
This embodiment provides a semi-enclosed type tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading canopy, as shown in fig. 1, including concrete support structure 1, concrete support structure 1 sets up in the both sides of road, by the tunnel portal of tunnel outwards extends, concrete support structure 1's height is 1.5 meters, as optional implementation mode, concrete support structure 1's height is suitable for 1.2 ~ 1.5 m. The road in the embodiment adopts two-way lanes, and the distance between the two concrete supporting structures 1 is 9.5 m. The concrete support structure 1 has an impact rating greater than or equal to SB rating. A ventilation opening is formed in the middle and/or the upper part of the concrete support structure 1, the middle and/or the upper part are formed by sequentially dividing the concrete support structure 1 into three same heights from bottom to top, and the ventilation opening is arranged in the middle or the uppermost height area, namely the ventilation opening is higher than 1/3 of the concrete support structure 1. In this embodiment the vent sets up to arc vent 11, the height of the bottom of arc vent 11 is 1 meter, and arc radius is 0.5m, arc vent 11's top end opening is located on concrete support structure 1's the top surface, and the distance between two arc vents 11 is 50 cm.
Erecting steel structure arched beams on the concrete support structures 1, wherein the steel structure arched beams are spanned on the concrete support structures 1 respectively positioned at two sides of the road; in this embodiment, the steel structure arched beam is made of steel pipes, and specifically includes a plurality of arched transverse steel pipes 31 spanning the concrete support structure 1 on both sides, and a longitudinal steel pipe 32 located between two adjacent transverse steel pipes 31 and arranged along the longitudinal direction, and the steel structure arched beam is fixedly mounted on the concrete support structure 1.
Light-tight formula photovoltaic module 21 has been laid to steel construction arched beam in horizontal middle zone, in this embodiment light-tight formula photovoltaic module 21 is convex flexible thin film photovoltaic module, convex flexible thin film photovoltaic module's cross-section is arc, flexible thin film photovoltaic module lays on the middle zone to through the bolt with steel construction arched beam's vertical steel pipe 32 and horizontal steel pipe 31 fixed connection form light-tight region, be located middle zone's horizontal steel pipe 31 with convex flexible thin film photovoltaic module's arc shape is the same. The vertical distance between the highest vertex of the middle area and the tunnel pavement is 6.5m, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the opaque crystalline silicon cell is greater than or equal to 23% as a preferred embodiment.
The shading shed is further provided with a gradual change light transmission device, and the gradual change light transmission device is arranged on the areas, located on two sides of the middle area, of the steel structure arched beam in the transverse direction. In this embodiment, the gradual change light transmission device adopts gradual change light transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly, the gradual change light transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly includes along first light transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly 22, second light transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly 23 and third light transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly 24 that set gradually in the outside direction that extends of tunnel portal, three the luminousness of light transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly increases gradually. The length of each light-transmitting photovoltaic cell assembly in the direction extending outwards along the tunnel opening is 20-30 meters. The light transmittance of the first light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module 22 is 10% -20%, the light transmittance of the second light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module 23 is 20% -40%, and the light transmittance of the third light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module 24 is 40% -70%. So that the light transmittance of the gradual change light transmission device tends to increase in the direction extending outwards along the tunnel opening. The three gradual change type light-transmitting photovoltaic cell assemblies are fixedly connected with the longitudinal steel pipe 32 and the transverse steel pipe 31 of the steel structure arched beam through bolts to form a gradual change type light-transmitting area. In a preferred embodiment, the light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module has a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 18% or more. In this embodiment, the transparent photovoltaic cell module is also configured to be arc-shaped, that is, the cross section of the transparent photovoltaic cell module is arc-shaped, and the transverse steel pipe 31 located in the gradual change transparent region is also the same as the arc-shaped transparent photovoltaic cell module. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the arc radius of the transparent photovoltaic cell module is 4.5 to 6.5 meters, the arc radius of the transparent photovoltaic cell module is smaller than the arc radius of the opaque photovoltaic module 21, and the ratio of the area of the gradual change light transmission device on each side to the area of the opaque photovoltaic module 21 is 1: 2.
As an alternative embodiment, the opaque crystalline silicon cell may also adopt an inflexible crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell assembly, and when the crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell assembly is adopted, a ridge-shaped crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell assembly may be adopted, and at this time, the transparent crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell assembly may be configured into a flat plate shape, and the flat plate-shaped transparent crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell assembly preferably inclines gradually towards the middle line of the road from bottom to top.
Semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading canopy in this embodiment be provided with light-tight formula photovoltaic module and printing opacity formula photovoltaic cell, photovoltaic module can be with solar energy transformation electric energy, through supporting photovoltaic system components and parts such as the external member of converging, dc-to-ac converter, the cabinet of being incorporated into the power networks, can concentrate the direct current that photovoltaic module sent to the external member that converges, converts the alternating current into through the inverter again, directly incorporates into the electric wire netting, perhaps also can directly give the load in the tunnel and use to play energy saving and emission reduction's effect.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading canopy which characterized in that includes:
the concrete supporting structures are arranged on two sides of a road and extend outwards from a tunnel opening of the tunnel, and ventilation openings are formed in the middle and/or the upper part of the concrete supporting structures;
the steel structure arched beams are spanned on the concrete support structures respectively positioned on the two sides of the road;
the light-tight photovoltaic assembly is arranged in the middle area of the steel structure arched beam in the transverse direction;
the gradual change printing opacity device is installed steel construction arched beam is located transversely on the region of middle zone both sides, gradual change printing opacity device's luminousness is the increase trend in the direction that extends along the tunnel portal outwards.
2. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gradual light transmission device is a gradual light transmission photovoltaic cell assembly.
3. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the gradient transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly comprises a first transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly, a second transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly and a third transmission type photovoltaic cell assembly which are arranged in sequence along the direction extending outwards from the tunnel opening, and the light transmittance of the three transmission type photovoltaic cell assemblies is gradually increased.
4. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed as claimed in claim 3, wherein the light transmittance of the first light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module is 10-20%, the light transmittance of the second light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module is 20-40%, and the light transmittance of the third light-transmitting photovoltaic cell module is 40-70%.
5. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shelter of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the light-transmissive photovoltaic cell assemblies has a length in a direction extending outwardly along the tunnel opening of from 20 to 30 meters.
6. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the light-tight crystalline silicon cell has a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 23% or more; the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the light-transmitting photovoltaic cell assembly is greater than or equal to 18%.
7. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed of claim 6, wherein the concrete support structure has an impact rating greater than or equal to the SB rating.
8. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the height of the concrete supporting structure is 1.2-1.5 m.
9. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading canopy of claim 8, wherein the vent is configured as an arc-shaped vent, and a top opening of the arc-shaped vent is located on a top surface of the concrete support structure.
10. The semi-enclosed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed as claimed in claim 9, wherein the opaque photovoltaic module is a circular arc-shaped flexible thin film photovoltaic module or a ridge-shaped crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell module.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010493625.1A CN111648784A (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2020-06-03 | Semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed |
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| CN202010493625.1A CN111648784A (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2020-06-03 | Semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed |
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| CN111648784A true CN111648784A (en) | 2020-09-11 |
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| CN202010493625.1A Pending CN111648784A (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2020-06-03 | Semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112177628A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-05 | 金华市公路与运输管理中心 | Highway tunnel access & exit shading facility |
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| CN209444341U (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-09-27 | 广东省交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | A kind of energy-saving tunnel mouth dim light canopy for realizing the smooth transition of Highway Tunnel Portal light and shade |
| CN210462804U (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-05-05 | 青岛理工大学 | Light changing device for inlet and outlet of submarine tunnel based on ergonomics |
| CN212479244U (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-02-05 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Semi-closed tunnel photovoltaic power generation shading shed |
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2020
- 2020-06-03 CN CN202010493625.1A patent/CN111648784A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104420565A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-18 | 陕西光伏产业有限公司 | Solar transition illumination shed and solar power generation device formed by solar transition illumination shed |
| CN106874571A (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-06-20 | 长安大学 | A kind of tunnel portal sunshade gradual change Light Environment Design method |
| CN207554061U (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-29 | 山西省交通规划勘察设计院 | A kind of tunnel face traffic safety protection canopy |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112177628A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-05 | 金华市公路与运输管理中心 | Highway tunnel access & exit shading facility |
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