CN111647335A - Flame-retardant fireproof epoxy coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flame-retardant fireproof epoxy coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111647335A CN111647335A CN202010577487.5A CN202010577487A CN111647335A CN 111647335 A CN111647335 A CN 111647335A CN 202010577487 A CN202010577487 A CN 202010577487A CN 111647335 A CN111647335 A CN 111647335A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/12—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polycarboxylic acids with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
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Abstract
The invention discloses an epoxy coating with flame-retardant and fireproof functions, which comprises epoxy resin with flame-retardant functions, and the preparation method of the epoxy resin comprises the steps of preparing chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl through the reaction of chlorinated paraffin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, preparing chlorinated paraffin modified by hydroxyl-containing isocyanurate through the esterification reaction of the acylated chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, preparing chlorinated paraffin diacid through the reaction of the chlorinated paraffin containing hydroxyl and tetrabromophthalic anhydride, and finally preparing the epoxy resin with flame-retardant functions through the reaction of the chlorinated paraffin containing hydroxyl and epichlorohydrin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flame-retardant fireproof epoxy coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of flame-retardant fireproof coatings.
Background
With the development of materials science, epoxy resin is widely applied in production and life of people. Epoxy resin materials are widely used in the fields of electronics, electrical appliances and the like because of their outstanding properties such as good thermal stability, insulation, adhesion, corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties, and thus become one of the most important electronic chemical materials at present. However, epoxy materials are flammable in air, which makes them a great safety hazard in use and may cause significant damage to lives and property. In recent years, many and intensive studies have been made to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin materials.
The chlorinated paraffin is a chlorinated derivative of paraffin, has the advantages of low volatility, flame retardance, good barrier property, low price and the like, can be used as additives such as a plasticizer and a flame retardant, and is already used in a large amount in flame retardant materials (CN 104194573B and CN107083153B), but the addition amount of an additive type flame retardant is relatively large, and the flame retardant performance is general. As the service time is prolonged, the additive flame retardant is easy to migrate out of the polymer network, and the durability of flame retardance is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of chlorinated paraffin in the application of flame-retardant epoxy resin in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the isocyanurate modified epoxy resin with the flame-retardant function, wherein the molecular side chain of the isocyanurate modified epoxy resin contains chlorinated paraffin molecules.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preparing the flame-retardant epoxy resin, which has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple operation and mild reaction conditions.
The flame-retardant fireproof epoxy coating is characterized by comprising epoxy resin, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and butanone; the epoxy resin has a structure shown in a formula (I):
wherein in the formula (I), R is a chlorinated paraffin chain segment.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the epoxy resin, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): preparation of chlorinated paraffins containing carboxyl groups
Dissolving chlorinated paraffin in butanone, adding a certain amount of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and potassium carbonate, and heating to react under the protection of nitrogen to obtain chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl;
step (2): preparation of chlorinated paraffins containing acid chlorides
Carrying out phosphorus trichloride acylation on the chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl obtained in the step (1) to obtain chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride;
and (3): preparation of chlorinated paraffin modified by isocyanuric ester containing dihydroxy
Slowly dripping the chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride prepared in the step (2) into a mixed system of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and triethylamine serving as an acid-binding agent for esterification reaction to obtain chlorinated paraffin containing hydroxyl;
and (4): preparation of brominated isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid
Reacting the chlorinated paraffin containing the dibasic hydroxyl group obtained in the step (3) with tetrabromophthalic anhydride to obtain brominated isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid;
and (5): preparation of epoxy resins
And (4) reacting the brominated isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid prepared in the step (4) with epoxy chloropropane to prepare the epoxy resin with the flame retardant function.
The preparation method of the epoxy resin with flame-retardant and fireproof functions further comprises the following preferable scheme:
in the preferable scheme, the chlorinated paraffin and the p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the step (1) react at the temperature of 55-80 ℃ for 10-30 h to prepare the chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl.
In the preferable scheme, the chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl in the step (2) reacts with excessive phosphorus trichloride at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ for 4-6h to obtain chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride.
In a preferable scheme, the reaction molar ratio of the chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride and the tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate in the step (3) is 1-1.2: 1.
In a preferable scheme, the esterification reaction in the step (3) is carried out under the reaction condition that chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride is slowly dripped into the mixed solution of the tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and the acid-binding agent in an ice-water bath for reaction, and the reaction is continued in the ice-water bath for 2-4 hours after the dripping is finished.
In a preferred scheme, the reaction molar ratio of the chlorinated paraffin containing the dibasic hydroxyl and the tetrabromophthalic anhydride in the step (4) is 1: 2.
In the preferable scheme, the reaction condition in the step (4) is that the reaction is carried out for 3-7 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃.
In the preferable scheme, the reaction condition in the step (5) is that the brominated isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid and epoxy chloropropane are heated to 80-100 ℃ under stirring, the reaction is carried out for 2-6 h, then the reaction is cooled to room temperature, a proper amount of 50% NaOH solution is dropwise added, and the reaction is continuously carried out for 4-6h under stirring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the traditional chlorinated paraffin molecule is introduced into an isocyanurate molecular chain through a chemical bond for the first time, then reacts with tetrabromophthalic anhydride to form novel binary acid, and then reacts with epichlorohydrin to form the epoxy resin with flame-retardant and heat-resistant functions. The whole preparation process has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost, simple operation, high purity of the obtained product and high yield, and meets the requirements of industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared image of the epoxy resin obtained in example 2.
FIG. 1: 2920cm-1And 2860cm-1Is the absorption peak of stretching vibration of methyl and methylene, 1470cm-1And 1370cm-1Bending vibration absorption peak of methyl group, 1745cm-1Is the absorption peak of stretching vibration of C ═ O in the ester group, 1690cm-1And 1420cm-1Is the expansion vibration absorption peak of C ═ O in isocyanurate, 1150cm-1At the stretching vibration peak of the C-N single bond, 1230cm-1And 1050cm-1Is a characteristic absorption peak of a C-O-C ether bond of 910cm-1Is a characteristic absorption peak of the epoxy group, 710cm-1Is the stretching vibration peak of C-Cl bond, 550cm-1And (b) is a stretching vibration peak of the C-Br bond.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the content of the invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of chlorinated paraffin 42 containing carboxyl group: 20g of chlorinated paraffin 42 is dissolved in 210mL of acetone, stirred and dissolved, and then 20g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 28g of potassium carbonate are added to react for 30h at 55 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen. After the reaction is finished, hydrochloric acid is used for adjusting the pH value to 3.0, then ethanol is used for extraction, and the product is dried in vacuum at 100 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain chlorinated paraffin 42 containing carboxyl.
(2) Preparation of acid chloride-containing chlorinated paraffin 42: adding 70mol of chlorinated paraffin 42 containing carboxyl into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding 85mol of phosphorus trichloride, stirring, heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature, standing and layering to obtain chlorinated paraffin 42 containing acyl chloride.
(3) Preparation of isocyanurate-modified chlorinated paraffin 42: adding 100mol of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and a proper amount of acid-binding agent anhydrous triethylamine into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle, dropwise adding a dichloromethane solution containing 101mol of chlorinated paraffin 42 containing acyl chloride at 0 ℃, reacting the reactants at 0 ℃ for 2h, washing the reaction product with 4% sodium bicarbonate solution until the pH value is 7, transferring the reaction product to ethyl acetate for extraction and separation, washing the organic phase with distilled water, drying the organic phase with anhydrous calcium chloride, drying the organic phase for 8h, filtering the organic phase under reduced pressure, and distilling the filtrate to remove the solvent to obtain the hydroxyl-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 42.
(4) Preparing bromine-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 42 dibasic acid: adding 100mol of carbon tetrachloride, 50mol of hydroxyl-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 42 and 100mol of tetrabromophthalic anhydride into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle, stirring and heating to 60 ℃, reacting for 7h, cooling, extracting and separating by using ethyl acetate, drying an organic phase by using anhydrous calcium chloride, filtering under reduced pressure after drying for 8h, and distilling the filtrate to remove the solvent to obtain the bromine-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 42 dibasic acid.
(5) Preparation of epoxy resin: 100g of isocyanuric acid ester-containing modified chlorinated paraffin 42 dibasic acid, 200g of epoxy chloropropane and a proper amount of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide are heated to 85 ℃ under stirring, reacted for 6 hours, cooled to room temperature, dropwise added with a proper amount of 50% NaOH solution, and continuously stirred and reacted for 6 hours. Cooling, filtering, extracting with ethyl acetate, and rotary evaporating to obtain epoxy resin H1.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of chlorinated paraffin 52 containing carboxyl group: 20g of chlorinated paraffin 52 is dissolved in 220mL of acetone, stirred and dissolved, and then 20g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 29g of potassium carbonate are added to react for 10 hours at 80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen. After the reaction is finished, hydrochloric acid is used for adjusting the pH value to 3.0, then ethanol is used for extraction, and the product is dried in vacuum at 100 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain chlorinated paraffin 52 containing carboxyl.
(2) Preparation of chlorinated paraffin 52 containing acid chloride: adding 70mol of carboxyl-containing chlorinated paraffin 52 into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding 85mol of phosphorus trichloride, stirring, heating to 50 ℃, reacting for 6 hours, cooling to room temperature, standing and layering to obtain the chlorinated paraffin 52 containing acyl chloride.
(3) Preparation of isocyanurate-modified chlorinated paraffin 52: adding 100mol of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and a proper amount of acid-binding agent anhydrous triethylamine into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle, dropwise adding dichloromethane solution containing 102mol of chlorinated paraffin 52 containing acyl chloride at 0 ℃, reacting the reactants at 0 ℃ for 4h, washing the reaction product with 4% sodium bicarbonate solution until the pH value is 7, transferring the reaction product to ethyl acetate for extraction and separation, washing the organic phase with distilled water, drying with anhydrous calcium chloride, drying for 8h, filtering under reduced pressure, and distilling the filtrate to remove the solvent to obtain the hydroxyl-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 52.
(4) Preparation of brominated isocyanurate-containing modified chlorinated paraffin 52 dibasic acid: adding 100mol of carbon tetrachloride, 50mol of hydroxyl-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 52 and 100mol of tetrabromophthalic anhydride into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle, stirring and heating to 80 ℃, reacting for 3h, cooling, extracting and separating by using ethyl acetate, drying an organic phase by using anhydrous calcium chloride, filtering under reduced pressure after drying for 8h, and distilling the filtrate to remove the solvent to obtain the bromine-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 52 dibasic acid.
(5) Preparation of epoxy resin: 100g of isocyanuric acid ester-containing modified chlorinated paraffin 52 dibasic acid, 250g of epichlorohydrin and a proper amount of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide are heated to 100 ℃ under stirring, reacted for 5 hours, cooled to room temperature, dropwise added with a proper amount of 50% NaOH solution, and continuously stirred and reacted for 4 hours. Cooling, filtering, extracting with ethyl acetate, and rotary evaporating to obtain epoxy resin H2.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of carboxyl group-containing chlorinated paraffin 70: dissolving 20g of chlorinated paraffin 70 in 200mL of acetone, stirring to dissolve, adding 20g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 30g of potassium carbonate, and reacting at 65 ℃ for 24h under the protection of nitrogen. After the reaction is finished, hydrochloric acid is used for adjusting the pH value to 3.0, then ethanol is used for extraction, and the product is dried in vacuum at 100 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain chlorinated paraffin 70 containing carboxyl.
(2) Preparation of acid chloride-containing chlorinated paraffin 70: adding 70mol of carboxyl-containing chlorinated paraffin 70 into a reaction kettle, dropwise adding 85mol of phosphorus trichloride, stirring, heating to 60 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, cooling to room temperature, standing and layering to obtain the chlorinated paraffin 70 containing acyl chloride.
(3) Preparation of isocyanurate-modified chlorinated paraffin 70: adding 100mol of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and a proper amount of acid-binding agent anhydrous triethylamine into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle, dropwise adding dichloromethane solution containing 105mol of chlorinated paraffin 70 containing acyl chloride at 0 ℃, reacting the reactants at 0 ℃ for 3h, washing the reaction product with 4% sodium bicarbonate solution until the pH value is 7, transferring the reaction product to ethyl acetate for extraction and separation, washing the organic phase with distilled water, drying with anhydrous calcium chloride, drying for 8h, filtering under reduced pressure, and distilling the filtrate to remove the solvent to obtain the hydroxyl-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 70.
(4) Preparing the brominated isocyanurate-containing modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid: adding 100mol of carbon tetrachloride, 50mol of hydroxyl-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 70 and 100mol of tetrabromophthalic anhydride into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle, stirring and heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 5h, cooling, extracting and separating by using ethyl acetate, drying an organic phase by using anhydrous calcium chloride, filtering under reduced pressure after drying for 8h, and distilling the filtrate to remove the solvent to obtain the bromine-containing isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin 70 dibasic acid.
(5) Preparation of epoxy resin: 100g of isocyanuric acid ester-containing modified chlorinated paraffin 70 dibasic acid, 240g of epichlorohydrin and a proper amount of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide are heated to 100 ℃ under stirring, reacted for 4 hours, cooled to room temperature, dropwise added with a proper amount of 50% NaOH solution, and continuously stirred and reacted for 5 hours. Cooling, filtering, extracting with ethyl acetate, and rotary evaporating to obtain epoxy resin H3.
Comparative example
Preparation of diglycidyl tetrabromophthalate: heating 100g of tetrabromophthalic acid, 240g of epichlorohydrin and a proper amount of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to 100 ℃ under stirring, reacting for 4 hours, then cooling to room temperature, dropwise adding a proper amount of 50% NaOH solution, and continuously stirring and reacting for 5 hours. Cooling, filtering, extracting with ethyl acetate, and rotary steaming to obtain tetrabromophthalic acid diglycidyl ester E1.
Preparation and test of epoxy resin flame-retardant material
Epoxy resin, triethylene tetramine, chlorinated paraffin and cyclohexanone are mixed and stirred uniformly according to the weight parts of the raw materials in the composition shown in the table 1 to obtain the epoxy flame-retardant coating. The epoxy coatings were then tested for adhesion, hardness, weatherability and heat and flame resistance, with the test results shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 flame retardant epoxy coating formulations
TABLE 2 test results of epoxy resin flame-retardant fireproof coating
Note: v-0 and V-1 are fire test ratings of class V, where V-0 is better than V-1 and NR indicates failure of the test.
In conclusion, the chlorinated paraffin and the tetrabromophthalic anhydride are introduced into the novel epoxy resin through the isocyanurate molecular ring, and the prepared epoxy coating has good flame-retardant and heat-resistant properties.
Claims (9)
1. The flame-retardant fireproof epoxy coating is characterized by consisting of epoxy resin, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and butanone; the epoxy resin has a structure shown in a formula (I):
wherein, in the formula (I), R1、R2Is a chlorinated paraffin chain segment.
2. The preparation method of the epoxy resin with the flame-retardant and fireproof functions is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): preparation of chlorinated paraffins containing carboxyl groups
Dissolving chlorinated paraffin in butanone, adding a certain amount of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and potassium carbonate, and heating to react under the protection of nitrogen to obtain chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl;
step (2): preparation of chlorinated paraffins containing acid chlorides
Carrying out phosphorus trichloride acylation on the chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl obtained in the step (1) to obtain chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride;
and (3): preparation of chlorinated paraffin modified by isocyanuric ester containing dihydroxy
Slowly dripping the chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride prepared in the step (2) into a mixed system of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and triethylamine serving as an acid-binding agent for esterification reaction to obtain chlorinated paraffin containing hydroxyl;
and (4): preparation of brominated isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid
Reacting the chlorinated paraffin containing the dibasic hydroxyl group obtained in the step (3) with tetrabromophthalic anhydride to obtain brominated isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid;
and (5): preparation of epoxy resins
And (4) reacting the brominated isocyanurate modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid prepared in the step (4) with epoxy chloropropane to prepare the epoxy resin with the flame retardant function.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl group is prepared by reacting the chlorinated paraffin with p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the step (1) at a temperature of 55-80 ℃ for 10-30 hours.
4. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein the chlorinated paraffin containing carboxyl in the step (2) reacts with excess phosphorus trichloride at a temperature of 50-70 ℃ for 4-6h to obtain chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mole ratio of the chlorinated paraffin containing the acid chloride to the tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate in the step (3) is 1 to 1.2: 1.
6. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein the esterification reaction in the step (3) is carried out under the reaction conditions that chlorinated paraffin containing acyl chloride is slowly added dropwise into the mixed solution of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and the acid-binding agent in an ice-water bath for reaction, and after the dropwise addition is completed, the reaction is continued in the ice-water bath for 2-4 hours.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the reaction molar ratio of the chlorinated paraffin containing a dibasic hydroxyl group to tetrabromophthalic anhydride in the step (4) is 1: 2.
8. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the reaction conditions in the step (4) are reaction at a temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 3-7 h.
9. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein the reaction conditions in the step (5) are that the brominated isocyanurate-modified chlorinated paraffin dibasic acid and epichlorohydrin are heated to 80-100 ℃ under stirring to react for 2-6 h, then cooled to room temperature, a proper amount of 50% NaOH solution is added dropwise, and the stirring reaction is continued for 4-6 h.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112760009A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-07 | 徐松波 | Flame-retardant epoxy coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN112795275A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-14 | 李艳艳 | Steel structure fireproof epoxy coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN112812679A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-18 | 张雪飞 | Polyurethane flame-retardant floor coating |
| CN112852267A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-28 | 徐松波 | Single-component antifouling corrosion-resistant coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN112876943A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 李艳艳 | Steel structure fireproof epoxy coating |
| CN112876938A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-01 | 徐松波 | Antifouling corrosion-resistant epoxy coating and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112795275A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-14 | 李艳艳 | Steel structure fireproof epoxy coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN112812679A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-18 | 张雪飞 | Polyurethane flame-retardant floor coating |
| CN112876943A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 李艳艳 | Steel structure fireproof epoxy coating |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |