CN111647025A - Method for extracting, separating and refining salicin from willow - Google Patents
Method for extracting, separating and refining salicin from willow Download PDFInfo
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- CN111647025A CN111647025A CN202010560448.4A CN202010560448A CN111647025A CN 111647025 A CN111647025 A CN 111647025A CN 202010560448 A CN202010560448 A CN 202010560448A CN 111647025 A CN111647025 A CN 111647025A
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Abstract
A method for extracting, separating and refining salicin from willow relates to the technical field of extraction and separation, quicklime with the weight of 8% of the weight of raw materials is added, the raw materials are fully and uniformly stirred, the moisture of the raw materials is detected by a speedometer, and a proper amount of water is sprayed; adding 7 times of 75% ethanol solution, reflux extracting for two hours, and recovering extractive solution; recovering ethanol from the extractive solution under reduced pressure, standing to room temperature to obtain salicin water solution; filtering the water solution through a rotary ceramic membrane with the membrane aperture of 2 nanometers in a dynamic cross flow manner, and collecting filtrate; feeding into a refrigerating chamber for crystallization; separating with a release machine, collecting crystals, and drying to obtain crude crystal of salicin. It can reduce alcohol consumption, save time, reduce production cost, and the salicin content of the prepared product can reach more than 99.5%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of extraction and separation, in particular to a method for extracting, separating and refining salicin from willow.
Background
Salicin, also known as salicin, is extracted from willow bark or willow branches, or is obtained by condensation of saligenin and glucose. Generally, the salicin content in willow bark or willow branches is between 1.0 and 4.0 percent, and the main purposes are inflammation diminishing, pain easing and fever reducing. Salicin and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) have similar biological activity, and have no irritation to stomach, and are not easy to cause gastrorrhagia. The new research finds that the derivative is an oxidase (NADH oxidase) inhibitor, has the effects of resisting wrinkles, increasing skin glossiness and elasticity, reducing pigmentation, increasing skin moisture and the like, and is WO2009120214-A1 which is applied to medicines, cosmetics and the like.
At present, the method for extracting salicin from willow bark or willow branches is more, and generally, the raw materials and alkaline substances (such as quicklime) are added with a proper amount of water and stirred uniformly, then the mixture is extracted by alcohol or water, the extract is filtered, the filtrate is adsorbed by macroporous adsorption resin, eluted by organic solvent, crystallized and the like, and the finished product is obtained. The purity of the salicin can reach more than or equal to 98 percent, but no literature report that the purity of the salicin can reach 99.5 percent is available.
For example, chinese patent CN1554663A (application No. 200310122212.9) discloses a method for extracting and separating salicin from bark of red willow, which uses fresh branches of small trees, red bark and willow as raw materials, and includes the steps of crushing the raw materials, mixing with calcium lime, stirring uniformly, standing for 30 minutes, extracting with ethanol for three times, recovering ethanol to obtain a thin extract, diluting with water, filtering, adding the clear liquid into macroporous adsorbent resin, combining the effluent liquid and water washing liquid, concentrating, standing for crystallization, recrystallizing the crude crystal, performing suction filtration, and vacuum drying to obtain salicin crystal, but the purity of the final product is not stated in the patent. The process needs to consume a large amount of ethanol during adsorption and elution, has high cost, and the content of the salicin can not meet the production requirement of high-purity salicin.
A process for preparing saligenin (application number is 200310105868.X) from Chinese patent CN1611508A comprises the following steps: preparing materials, namely crushing willow branches and leaves into small-segment raw materials; hydrolysis extraction, adding alkaline substances into the raw materials for hydrolysis, then extracting with an extracting agent, and removing residues; concentrating to obtain semi-finished product containing salicin, and refining to obtain salicin with purity not lower than 95%. The process consumes a large amount of organic solvent in the extraction process, has high cost and is not beneficial to environmental protection, and the content can not reach more than 98 percent.
For example, CN102558254B A process for extracting saligenin comprises pulverizing cortex Salicis Babylonicae or fresh branches, adding calx, stirring, standing for 30 min, extracting with water, ultrafiltering, introducing the filtrate into macroporous adsorbent resin, mixing the effluent with water, concentrating, standing for crystallization, decolorizing, and recrystallizing to obtain saligenin with a content of 99%. The production process is too complicated, ultrafiltration, adsorption and technical control points are increased, the product yield is not mentioned in the invention, and the production cost is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting, separating and refining salicin from willow, which is reasonably designed, can reduce alcohol consumption, save time and reduce production cost, and the salicin content of the prepared product can reach more than 99.5 percent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the operation steps are as follows:
1. crushing white willow bark or fresh willow branches serving as raw materials into 20-mesh small particles for later use;
2. adding quicklime accounting for 8% of the weight of the raw materials, fully and uniformly stirring, detecting the moisture of the raw materials by using a speedometer, spraying a proper amount of water to ensure that the total moisture content of the raw materials reaches 55%, and accumulating and alkalizing for 240 minutes;
3. adding 7 times of 75% ethanol solution, reflux-extracting for two hours, recovering the extractive solution, further adding 5 times of 75% ethanol solution, reflux-extracting for one hour, collecting and mixing the extractive solutions, extracting for two times, consuming 3 hours, and adding 12 times of solvent;
4. recovering ethanol from the extractive solution under reduced pressure, standing to room temperature to obtain salicin water solution;
5. the water solution is dynamically filtered in a cross flow mode through a rotary ceramic membrane with the membrane aperture of 2 nanometers, so that water and small molecular substances pass through, and the large molecular substances, micro-particles, chlorophyll and bacteria are retained by the filter membrane, thereby achieving the purposes of separation and purification, and the unfiltered liquid is discarded, and the filtrate is collected;
6. concentrating the filtrate under negative pressure until the density is 1.18-1.2 g/cubic centimeter, and collecting;
7. feeding the mixture into a refrigerating chamber for crystallization for 24 hours at a temperature of between 4 and 10 ℃;
8. separating by a release machine, collecting crystals, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain crude crystals of salicin with the content of 97-98%;
9. carrying out hot melting on the crude crystals by using pure water of which the amount is 5 times that of the crude crystals, and transferring the filtrate into a refrigeration room for crystallization at 4-10 ℃ for 24 hours after the crude crystals are completely dissolved;
10. washing the centrifugal crystal with cold water at 4-10 deg.C for 2 times, collecting crystal, and vacuum drying at 75 deg.C to obtain salicin product with content of 99.7%.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the water solution is filtered in a cross flow mode through centrifugal force, hydraulic shearing force and strong turbulent force of the salicin water solution generated by the rotation motion of the rotary ceramic membrane with the membrane aperture of 2 nanometers, so that water and molecular weight of the salicin (the molecular weight is 18, the molecular weight of the salicin is 286) are all passed through, macromolecular substances with the molecular weight more than 400 and water-insoluble microparticles such as protein, water-soluble high polymer, chlorophyll, bacteria and the like are blocked by the filter membrane, and the purposes of separation and purification are achieved.
After the process is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for extracting, separating and refining salicin from willow, which adopts a water solution to pass through a rotary ceramic membrane with the aperture of 2 nanometers, uses a dynamic cross-flow filtration ceramic membrane, and can greatly slow down membrane pollution and blockage by enabling a membrane component to rotate at high speed; forcing water molecules and salicin molecules (molecular weight 286) to pass through completely, and blocking macromolecular (molecular weight more than 400) substances and microparticles such as protein, water-soluble high polymer, pigment, chlorophyll, bacteria and the like by a filter membrane, thereby achieving the purposes of separation and purification; the content of salicin of the product obtained by matching with the traditional two-time crystallization and other processes can reach 99.5 percent, no decolorization is needed, the yield is high, the cost is low, water and ethanol used in the production can be recycled, the pollution of an organic solvent to the environment is reduced, the process is simplified, and the industrialization is easy to realize.
Description of the drawings:
figure 1 is a data chart for experiment one.
Fig. 2 is a data chart of experiment two.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode adopts the following technical scheme: the operation steps are as follows:
1. crushing white willow bark or fresh willow branches serving as raw materials into 20-mesh small particles for later use;
2. adding quicklime accounting for 8% of the weight of the raw materials, fully and uniformly stirring, detecting the moisture of the raw materials by using a speedometer, spraying a proper amount of water to ensure that the total moisture content of the raw materials reaches 55%, and accumulating and alkalizing for 240 minutes;
3. adding 7 times of 75% ethanol solution, reflux-extracting for two hours, recovering the extractive solution, further adding 5 times of 75% ethanol solution, reflux-extracting for one hour, collecting and mixing the extractive solutions, extracting for two times, consuming 3 hours, and adding 12 times of solvent;
4. recovering ethanol from the extractive solution under reduced pressure, standing to room temperature to obtain salicin water solution;
5. the water solution is dynamically filtered in a cross flow mode through a rotary ceramic membrane with the membrane aperture of 2 nanometers, so that water and small molecular substances pass through the filter membrane (the weight of the small molecular substances is less than 400), and macromolecular substances, micro-particles (such as protein, water-soluble high polymer), chlorophyll, bacteria and the like are blocked by the filter membrane, thereby achieving the purposes of separation and purification, discarding the unfiltered liquid, and collecting the filtrate;
6. concentrating the filtrate under negative pressure (temperature less than 75 deg.C) to density of 1.18-1.2 g/cc, and collecting;
7. feeding the mixture into a refrigerating chamber for crystallization for 24 hours at a temperature of between 4 and 10 ℃;
8. separating by a release machine, collecting crystals, drying at 105 ℃ (separately processing mother liquor) to obtain crude crystals of salicin with the content of 97-98%;
9. carrying out hot melting on the crude crystals by using pure water of which the amount is 5 times that of the crude crystals, and transferring the filtrate into a refrigeration room for crystallization at 4-10 ℃ for 24 hours after the crude crystals are completely dissolved;
10. washing the centrifugal crystal with cold water at 4-10 deg.C for 2 times, collecting crystal, and vacuum drying at 75 deg.C to obtain salicin product with content of 99.7%.
The working principle of the specific embodiment is as follows: the water solution is filtered in a cross flow mode through centrifugal force, hydraulic shearing force and strong turbulent force of the salicin water solution generated by the rotation motion of the rotary ceramic membrane with the membrane aperture of 2 nanometers, so that water and molecular weight of the salicin (the molecular weight is 18, the molecular weight of the salicin is 286) are all passed through, macromolecular substances with the molecular weight more than 400 and water-insoluble microparticles such as protein, water-soluble high polymer, chlorophyll, bacteria and the like are blocked by the filter membrane, and the purposes of separation and purification are achieved.
After the process is adopted, the beneficial effects of the specific implementation mode are as follows: the traditional membrane filtration salicin water solution is static filtration, the flow velocity of a liquid to be treated is promoted by a pump to form cross flow filtration, the pollution of a dirt blocking layer on the surface of a filtration membrane is prevented, the effective filtration time is short, the cleaning is frequent, 20% -30% salicin is wrapped in a filtration membrane retention phase, the product yield is seriously influenced, and when high-viscosity sediment at the bottom of the salicin water solution is encountered, the method is low in efficiency and even infeasible. In the specific embodiment, the water solution passes through a rotary ceramic membrane with the aperture of 2 nanometers, the dynamic cross-flow filtration ceramic membrane is used, and the membrane component rotates at a high speed, so that the membrane pollution and blockage can be greatly reduced; forcing water molecules and salicin molecules (molecular weight 286) to pass through completely, and blocking macromolecular (molecular weight more than 400) substances and microparticles such as protein, water-soluble high polymer, pigment, chlorophyll, bacteria and the like by a filter membrane, thereby achieving the purposes of separation and purification; the content of salicin of the product obtained by matching with the traditional two-time crystallization and other processes can reach 99.5 percent, no decolorization is needed, the yield is high, the cost is low, water and ethanol used in the production can be recycled, the pollution of an organic solvent to the environment is reduced, the process is simplified, and the industrialization is easy to realize.
Comparative experiment:
1000 kg of fresh white willow branches (the tail end diameter is less than 10MM, and the water content of raw materials is 38%) in northern village (elevation 1700) of Mayangxiang bear in Huizian county of Longnan city in 12 months in 2020. 1080L of aqueous solution with the density of 1.02 g/cubic centimeter and the temperature of 26 ℃ is obtained after strictly performing the steps 1 to 4. RP-HPLC method of Huiyehu et al, content determination method of salicin in white willow bark extract, Chinese herbal medicine, 2004, volume 35 (stage 5), reference substance is 99.8% salicin identified by Shanghai-sourced leaf Biotech company. The content of salicin in the water solution is detected to be 26 g/L. In the following experiments referred to as stock solutions.
Experiment one: the raw liquid is respectively filtered by the membrane with the area of 2 square meters, the membrane aperture is respectively filtered by the rotary ceramic membrane dynamic cross flow with the diameters of 1 nanometer, 2 nanometers, 3 nanometers and 4 nanometers (the experimental serial numbers are respectively marked as No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4), the experimental data is shown in figure 1, the practical membrane aperture is that the recovery rate of the ceramic membrane with the diameters of 2 nanometers reaches 95 percent, and the amount of the intercepted macromolecular impurities is maximum as shown in figure 1.
Experiment two: after the filtrates of nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 obtained in the first experiment are respectively processed through the steps 6 to 10, the obtained data are shown in fig. 2, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the total recovery rate of the aqueous solution crystallization after filtration by using the nano ceramic membrane with the membrane pore size of 2 is 92%, and the product content is 98.7%.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for extracting, separating and refining salicin from willow is characterized in that: the operation steps are as follows:
(1) crushing the white willow bark or the fresh willow branch which is taken as a raw material into 20-mesh small particles for later use;
(2) adding quicklime accounting for 8% of the weight of the raw materials, fully and uniformly stirring, detecting the moisture of the raw materials by using a speedometer, spraying a proper amount of water to ensure that the total moisture content of the raw materials reaches 55%, and accumulating and alkalizing for 240 minutes;
(3) adding 7 times of 75% ethanol solution of the raw materials, performing reflux extraction for two hours, recovering the extracting solution, continuously adding 5 times of 75% ethanol solution of the raw materials, performing reflux extraction for one hour, collecting and combining the extracting solutions, performing total extraction twice, consuming 3 hours, and taking 12 times of the total amount of the solvent;
(4) recovering ethanol from the extractive solution under reduced pressure, standing to room temperature to obtain salicin water solution;
(5) the water solution is dynamically filtered in a cross flow mode through a rotary ceramic membrane with the membrane aperture of 2 nanometers, so that water and small molecular substances pass through, and the large molecular substances, micro-particles, chlorophyll and bacteria are retained by the filter membrane, thereby achieving the purposes of separation and purification, and the unfiltered liquid is discarded, and the filtrate is collected;
(6) concentrating the filtrate under negative pressure until the density is 1.18-1.2 g/cubic centimeter, and collecting;
(7) feeding the mixture into a refrigerating chamber for crystallization at 4-10 ℃ for 24 hours;
(8) separating by a release machine, collecting crystals, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain crude crystals of salicin with the content of 97-98%;
(9) carrying out hot melting on the crude crystals by using 5 times of pure water, and transferring the filtrate into a refrigeration room for crystallization at 4-10 ℃ for 24 hours after the crude crystals are completely dissolved;
(10) washing the centrifugal crystal with cold water at 4-10 deg.C for 2 times, collecting crystal, and vacuum drying at 75 deg.C to obtain salicin product with content of 99.7%.
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