CN111644805B

CN111644805B - Hot-fitting tool and method for coupler

Info

Publication number: CN111644805B
Application number: CN202010496057.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 屈二龙; 徐文军; 东占萃; 赵春光; 李修琨; 吴长杰; 穆永超; 唐夙刚
Original assignee: Beijing Shougang Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Shougang Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-03
Filing date: 2020-06-03
Publication date: 2022-02-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-03
Also published as: CN111644805A

Abstract

The invention discloses a hot-assembling tool and a hot-assembling method for a coupler, relates to the technical field of auxiliary tools for assembling mechanical parts, and solves the technical problem that the axis is easy to be skewed when the coupler and a shaft are hot-assembled in the prior art. The hot-assembling tool of the coupler comprises a first centering clamp and a second centering clamp, the axial lead of the first centering clamp is the same as that of the second centering clamp, the first centering clamp is sleeved on the second centering clamp along the axial lead, and the first centering clamp drives the coupler to move along the axial lead to a shaft on the second centering clamp. According to the invention, the first centering fixture is connected with the coupler, the second centering fixture is connected with the shaft, the coupler is hot-mounted on the shaft by moving the first centering fixture along the axial line to the second centering fixture, so that the first centering fixture is ensured to move coaxially relative to the second centering fixture all the time, the coupler is ensured to be hot-mounted on the shaft along the same axial line all the time in the hot-mounting process, and the problem of axial line deflection during hot-mounting of the coupler is avoided.

Description

Hot-fitting tool and method for coupler

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of auxiliary tools for assembling mechanical parts, in particular to a hot-fitting tool and a hot-fitting method for a coupler.

Background

The shaft coupling is mainly used for firmly connecting a driving shaft and a driven shaft in different mechanisms, so that the driving shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate together, and the driving shaft transmits motion and torque to the driven shaft. The size of interference fit is usually designed between the coupler and the shaft, and the coupler and the shaft are connected into a whole in a hot-shrink mode.

In the prior art, the installation of the small-sized coupler is mostly carried out by hot charging in a mode of manual holding after heating. Namely, the coupler is heated firstly, and then the coupler and the shaft are hot-assembled in a manner of manually wearing gloves. Because the coupler is hot-assembled at a high temperature, the coupler is easy to cause scalding danger to workers. And for the installation of the large coupler, the coupler is heated and then hot-assembled by adopting a method of auxiliary hoisting of a crown block. The hot-assembling mode between the two couplings and the shaft is easy to cause the problem of the skew of the axis between the couplings and the shaft in the installation process, and the skew of the axis can often cause the situation that the couplings are not installed in place. In this case, the worker usually uses a hammer to strike the coupling to complete the hot charging, but the uncertainty of the striking direction is likely to cause the deformation of the coupling.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and in a first aspect, a hot-fitting tool for a coupling is provided to solve the technical problem that an axis is prone to be skewed when a coupling and a shaft are hot-fitted in the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

the utility model provides a hot-assembling instrument of shaft coupling, is including the second centering anchor clamps that are used for centering the first centering anchor clamps of clamping shaft coupling and are used for centering the clamping axle, first centering anchor clamps are the same with the axial lead of second centering anchor clamps, first centering anchor clamps are located on the second centering anchor clamps along the axial lead motion ground cover, first centering anchor clamps drive the shaft coupling and remove along the axle on the axial lead second centering anchor clamps.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the hot-assembling tool of the coupler can be further improved as follows.

Optionally, the first centering fixture comprises a first fixture body, the second centering fixture comprises a second fixture body and a guide rod arranged on the second fixture body, a guide hole in sliding fit with the guide rod is formed in the first fixture body, and the axial lines of the first fixture body, the guide rod and the second fixture body are the same.

Optionally, the first fixture body is further provided with a guide pipe, the guide pipe is perpendicular to the first fixture body and is communicated with the guide hole, and the guide rod is in sliding fit with the guide pipe.

Optionally, a plurality of first connecting holes are formed in the first fixture body, each first connecting hole corresponds to a connecting hole in the coupler, the coupler is fastened on the nut through threads after the first bolt penetrates through the first connecting holes and the connecting holes in the coupler, and the first connecting holes are kidney-shaped holes or U-shaped grooves.

Optionally, the second fixture body is provided with a plurality of second connecting holes, each group of second connecting holes correspond to the connecting holes on the shaft, the shaft is fastened on the nut through a second bolt penetrating through the second connecting holes and the connecting holes on the shaft and then is fastened in a threaded manner, and the second connecting holes are kidney-shaped holes or U-shaped grooves.

Optionally, a central groove is formed in the second fixture body, an elastic piece is arranged in the central groove, the elastic piece is connected with a thimble, and the thimble is connected with the central groove in a sliding manner.

Optionally, the centering fixture further comprises a movement locking assembly, the movement locking assembly pushes the first centering fixture to move towards the second centering fixture, and the movement locking assembly locks the first centering fixture on the second centering fixture.

Optionally, the motion locking subassembly includes sliding base and two sets of at least brake valve lever, sliding base can follow the gliding holding of second centering anchor clamps axial on the second centering anchor clamps, and at least two sets of brake valve lever articulates on sliding base through the pin, second centering anchor clamps are provided with the external screw thread, and at least two sets of brake valve lever is last to be provided with the internal thread with the external screw thread adaptation of second centering anchor clamps respectively, and at least two sets of brake valve lever can be around the rotatory ground of pin with second centering anchor clamps thread interlock or keep separating.

Optionally, the second centering fixture is located between the first centering fixture and the shaft.

In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a hot-fitting method of a coupling, which uses the hot-fitting tool of the coupling, including the following steps:

clamping the shaft coupling on a first centering fixture, and clamping the shaft on a second centering fixture;

sleeving the first centering fixture on the second centering fixture;

heating the coupler, moving the first centering fixture to the second centering fixture along the axis, and thermally installing the coupler on the shaft;

and (5) removing the hot-assembling tool of the coupler after the coupler is cooled.

Compared with the prior art, the hot-assembling tool for the coupler has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the first centering fixture is connected with the coupler, the second centering fixture is connected with the shaft, the coupler is hot-mounted on the shaft through the limiting movement of the first centering fixture along the axial line to the second centering fixture, so that the first centering fixture is ensured to move coaxially relative to the second centering fixture all the time, the coupler is ensured to be hot-mounted on the shaft along the same axial line all the time in the hot-mounting process, and the problem of the axial line deflection during the hot-mounting of the coupler is avoided.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a shrink-on tool for the coupling of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the slide base and the control handle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the first fixture body of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the second body of the fixture of FIG. 1;

fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method of shrink-fitting the coupling of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-a first clamp body; 11-a guide tube; 12 — a first connection hole; 2, a guide rod; 3-a second clamp body; 31-an elastic member; 32-a thimble; 33 — second connection hole; 4-a first bolt; 5-a second bolt; 6-a sliding base; 7-pins; 8, a control handle; 9, a coupler; 10-axis.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention and are not to be taken as a comprehensive embodiment. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

a tool for shrink-fitting a coupling, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, includes a first centering jig and a second centering jig. The first centering fixture comprises a first fixture body 1 and a guide tube 11. The first clamp body 1 is of a disc-shaped structure, and a guide hole is formed in the center of the first clamp body 1. The guide tube 11 is of a circular tube structure. The guide tube 11 is vertically welded or bolted to the guide hole. The first clamp body 1 is provided with a plurality of first connecting holes 12, and the common coupler 9 is provided with connecting holes for positioning. Each group of first connecting holes 12 correspond to the connecting holes in the coupler 9 respectively, and the first bolts 4 are adopted to penetrate through the connecting holes in the first connecting holes 12 and the coupler 9 and then fastened with the nut threads, so that the coupler 9 is clamped on the first clamp body 1. Alternatively, the first connecting hole 12 may be a U-shaped slot or a waist-shaped slot to facilitate the alignment of the first bolt 4 with the connecting hole of the coupling 9. Of course, the first connection hole 12 may be a circular hole.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the second centering jig includes a second jig body 3 and a guide bar 2. The second clamp body 3 is of a disc-shaped structure, and the diameter of the second clamp body 3 is smaller than that of the inner cavity of the coupler 9. The guide rod 2 is in a round rod-shaped structure, and the guide rod 2 is in clearance connection with the guide pipe 11. The guide bar 2 is vertically welded or bolted to the center of the second jig body 3. The second fixture body 3 is provided with a plurality of second connecting holes 33, and generally the shaft 10 is also provided with connecting holes for positioning. Each group of second connecting holes 33 respectively correspond to the connecting holes on the shaft 10, and the second bolts 5 penetrate through the second connecting holes 33 and the connecting holes on the shaft 10 and then are fastened with the nuts in a threaded manner, so that the shaft 10 is clamped on the second clamp body 3. Alternatively, the second connecting hole 33 may be a U-shaped slot or a waist-shaped slot to facilitate the alignment of the second bolt 5 with the connecting hole on the shaft 10. Of course, the second connection hole 33 may be a circular hole.

It will be appreciated that the guide tube 11 moves on the guide bar 2 along the axis, causing the first centring gripper to move along the axis towards the second centring gripper, and thereby causing the coupling 9 to move along the axis towards the shaft 10. The structural form of the guide tube 11 is not limited to the above circular tube structural form, and may also be a plurality of circular ring structures fixed at the center of the first fixture body 1, and the plurality of circular rings are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction of the first fixture body 1, and can also enable the guide rod 2 to move axially along the guide tube 11. Or, a plurality of positioning holes may be formed in the first fixture body 1, guide rods corresponding to the positioning holes are respectively disposed on the guide rods 2, and the guide rods 2 axially move along the center of the first fixture body 1 through the cooperation between the guide rods and the positioning holes. Of course, the shape of the first jig body 1 is not limited to a disc-shaped structure, and may be in the form of a square disc, a cylinder, or a square cylinder. Of course, in the shrink-fitting of the compact coupling 9 and the shaft 10, the guide pipe 11 does not have to be provided, and the guide function of the guide rod 2 can be similarly achieved only by the guide hole of the first jig body 1.

It can be understood that the structural forms of the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 3 are not limited to the above structural forms, and the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 3 may also be designed into connecting structural forms such as a claw, a buckle, or a key, and the like, and the connection of the coupling 9 and the first clamp body 1 and the connection of the shaft 10 and the second clamp body 3 can also be realized.

As shown in fig. 1, a central groove is opened at the center of the second clamp body 3, an elastic member 31 is disposed in the central groove, an ejector pin 32 is connected to the elastic member 31, and the ejector pin 32 is slidably connected to the central groove. The shaft 10 is generally provided with a central hole for positioning at the shaft end, and the guide rod 2 and the shaft 10 can be easily positioned on the axis by the ejector pin 32. The elastic element 31 includes, but is not limited to, a spring or a rubber pad, which allows the thimble 32 to contact the central hole of the shaft 10 and then retract into the central groove, so that the end of the shaft 10 is tightly attached to the surface of the second clamp body 3.

When the hot-assembling device is used, the first clamp body 1 can always move towards the second clamp body 3 along the axis through the clearance connection between the guide rod 2 and the guide pipe 11, so that the hot-assembling process of the coupler 9 and the shaft 10 is ensured to always move along the axis, the problem of axis deflection in the hot-assembling process of the coupler 9 and the shaft 10 is avoided, and the hot-assembling precision of the coupler 9 is improved. The whole hot-assembling process does not need workers to directly embrace the coupler 9 and the shaft 10, so that the risk that the workers are scalded is avoided, and the operation safety is improved. The whole hot-charging tool is low in cost, simple to manufacture and good in universality. The labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the labor efficiency of the workers is improved.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a movement locking assembly is further connected to the guide bar 2 to facilitate the shrink-fitting of the coupling 9 and the shaft 10. Specifically, the motion locking subassembly includes sliding base 6 and two sets of brake valve lever 8, and guide bar 2 is the screw rod that has the external screw thread, is provided with the internal thread with the external screw thread adaptation of guide bar 2 on two sets of brake valve lever 8 respectively. The sliding base 6 is connected on the guide rod 2 in an annular structure clearance, and the two groups of control handles 8 are hinged on the sliding base 6 through pins 7. The staff promotes slide base 6 through control handle 8 and removes to axle 10, and slide base 6 drives first anchor clamps body 1 and removes to axle 10, has further avoided the risk of being scalded.

In the process of shrink-fitting the coupling 9 and the shaft 10, there is a problem that the press-fitting process of the coupling 9 is sometimes hindered. By rotating the control handle 8 about the pin 7, the internal thread of the control handle 8 is engaged with the external thread of the guide rod 2, and the control handle 8 is rotated on the guide rod 2 to move the slide base 6 toward the shaft 10. At this time, the force provides pressure in a rotating mode, so that the coupler 9 is more labor-saving in hot loading. Of course, the number of the groups of the control handles 8 can be set to three, four or more according to the diameter of the guide rod 2, so as to facilitate the operation of the workers.

At the beginning, the resistance that shaft coupling 9 pressed into axle 10 is little, and the staff passes through control handle 8 and pushes slide base 6 to the direction of axle 10, makes first anchor clamps body 1 drive shaft coupling 9 and move and push in to the direction of axle 10. When the press-in of the coupler 9 is blocked or the resistance is large, the two groups of control handles 8 are respectively rotated by taking the pin 7 as the center, so that the internal threads on the control handles 8 are meshed with the external threads on the guide rod 2. At this point, the coupling 9 is pressed further towards the shaft 10 by means of the rotation of the control handle 8. Meanwhile, the coupler 9 is guaranteed to be in place in a hot-assembling mode, a hammer is not needed to knock the coupler 9, and the problems that the coupler 9 is deformed or damaged due to knocking are solved. After the coupler 9 is assembled in place by heating, the coupler 9 can be locked at the fixed position of the shaft 10 due to the fact that the internal thread on the control handle 8 is meshed with the external thread on the guide rod 2, and the problem that the coupler 9 is not assembled in place by heating due to cold contraction is solved.

The motion latch assembly of the present invention has three functions:

firstly, at the beginning, the resistance of pressing in the coupler 9 is small, the coupler 9 can be quickly pressed into the shaft 10 through the sliding base 6, and at the moment, the internal thread on the control handle 8 and the external thread of the guide rod 2 are in a separated state;

secondly, when the coupler 9 is blocked from being pressed in, the internal thread on the control handle 8 can be meshed with the external thread of the guide rod 2, the coupler 9 is pressed into the shaft 10 in a mode of rotating the control handle 8, and the pressure of the coupler 9 can be greatly improved;

thirdly, after the coupler 9 is installed in place, the fixed position of the movement locking assembly can be kept through the occlusion of the internal thread on the control handle 8 and the external thread of the guide rod 2, and the problem that the coupler 9 is not installed in place due to cold contraction is solved.

It will be appreciated that the second clamp body 3 of the present invention is located between the coupling 9 and the shaft 10. If the shaft 10 is a hollow shaft, the second clamp body 3 may be disposed at the distal end of the shaft 10. In this case, the entire guide rod 2 is in clearance connection with the inner cavity of the shaft 10 to center the shaft 10, and the thimble 32 may be omitted. The diameter of the second clamp body 3 is larger than the diameter of the coupling 9. When the guide pipe 11 moves along the guide rod 2, the coupler 9 can be hot-mounted on the shaft 10, the hot-mounting process of the coupler 9 is always kept coaxial, and the problem of axial deflection during hot-mounting is avoided.

Example 2:

the invention also provides a hot-charging method of the coupling, which is shown in fig. 1 to 5 and uses the hot-charging tool of the coupling. The coupling 9 is attached to the first clamp body 1 by the first bolt 4. The shaft 10 is connected to the second jig body 3 by the second bolt 5. At the same time, the thimble 32 is aligned with the central hole of the shaft 10, and the guide rod 2 and the shaft 10 are both located on the axial line. The guide pipe 11 is sleeved on the guide rod 2, the sliding base 6 is pushed through the control handle 8 to enable the coupler 9 to move towards the shaft 10 along the axis, when the coupler 9 and the shaft 10 are close to each other, the first bolt 4 is loosened, the relative position of the coupler 9 and the shaft 10 is adjusted, and the coupler 9 is enabled to be right opposite to the shaft 10 and then the first bolt 4 is screwed down. The coupling 9 is removed and the coupling 9 is heated, including but not limited to electrical, acetylene flame, or hot oil heating.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the slide base 6 is pushed by the control handle 8, so that the first jig body 1 moves the coupling 9 in the direction of the shaft 10 and presses the same. In this case, the resistance to press-fitting of the coupling 9 is small, and the shaft 10 can be quickly press-fitted into the coupling 9. When the press-in of the coupler 9 is blocked or the resistance is large, the two groups of control handles 8 are respectively rotated by taking the pin 7 as the center, so that the internal threads on the control handles 8 are meshed with the external threads on the guide rod 2. At this point, the coupling 9 is pressed further towards the shaft 10 by means of the rotation of the control handle 8. The pressure on the coupler 9 can be greatly improved through a rotating mode, and the coupler 9 is guaranteed to be hot-assembled in place. And finally, keeping the meshed state of the internal thread on the control handle 8 and the external thread on the guide rod 2 until the first bolt 4 and the second bolt 5 are removed after the coupler 9 is cooled, and finishing the hot charging work of the coupler 9.

The hot-assembling method of the coupler enables the coupler 9 to be quickly pressed into the shaft 10 at the initial stage, and improves the hot-assembling working efficiency of the coupler 9. When the coupler 9 is blocked, the coupler 9 is changed into a rotating mode for hot charging, so that the larger pressure of the coupler 9 is provided, and the hot charging of the coupler 9 is ensured to be in place. The coupler 9 does not need to be knocked by a sledge hammer, so that the problems of deformation or damage and the like of the coupler 9 caused by knocking are avoided. When the coupler 9 is installed in place, the internal threads on the control handle 8 are simultaneously locked at the end part of the guide pipe 11, so that the cooling and returning of the coupler 9 can be effectively prevented, and the installation of the coupler 9 in place is further ensured.

It can be understood that, for the hot charging of the small-sized coupler 9 and the shaft 10, the problem of the obstructed pressing-in of the coupler 9 does not occur in the whole process, and at this time, the guide rod 2 is a smooth rod-shaped structure, and an external thread does not need to be arranged on the guide rod 2.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The hot-assembling tool for the coupler is characterized by comprising a first centering clamp and a second centering clamp, wherein the first centering clamp is used for centering and clamping the coupler (9), the second centering clamp is used for centering and clamping a shaft (10), the axial leads of the first centering clamp and the second centering clamp are the same, the first centering clamp is movably sleeved on the second centering clamp along the axial lead, and the first centering clamp drives the coupler (9) to move along the axial lead to the shaft (10) on the second centering clamp;

the first centering fixture is pushed to move towards the second centering fixture by the motion locking assembly, and the first centering fixture is locked on the second centering fixture by the motion locking assembly;

the movement locking assembly comprises a sliding base (6) and at least two groups of control handles (8), the sliding base (6) can slide along the axial direction of a second centering fixture and is kept on the second centering fixture, the at least two groups of control handles (8) are hinged to the sliding base (6) through pins (7), the second centering fixture is provided with external threads, the at least two groups of control handles (8) are respectively provided with internal threads matched with the external threads of the second centering fixture, and the at least two groups of control handles (8) can be meshed with the second centering fixture in a threaded manner or kept separated in a rotating manner around the pins (7);

the first centering fixture comprises a first fixture body (1), the second centering fixture comprises a second fixture body (3) and a guide rod (2) arranged on the second fixture body (3), a guide hole in sliding fit with the guide rod (2) is formed in the first fixture body (1), and the axial leads of the first fixture body (1), the guide rod (2) and the second fixture body (3) are the same;

the first clamp body (1) is further provided with a guide pipe (11), the guide pipe (11) is perpendicular to the first clamp body (1) and is communicated with the guide hole, and the guide rod (2) is in sliding fit with the guide pipe (11);

the guide rod (2) is a screw rod with external threads, at least two groups of control handles (8) are respectively provided with internal threads matched with the external threads of the guide rod (2), and the sliding base (6) is in annular structure gap connection with the guide rod (2).

2. The coupler hot-fitting tool according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of first connecting holes (12) are formed in the first clamp body (1), each group of the first connecting holes (12) corresponds to a connecting hole in the coupler (9), the coupler (9) is fastened on a nut through first bolts (4) penetrating through the first connecting holes (12) and the connecting holes in the coupler (9) in a threaded manner, and the first connecting holes (12) are kidney-shaped holes or U-shaped grooves.

3. The hot-assembling tool for the shaft coupling according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of second connecting holes (33) are formed in the second fixture body (3), each group of second connecting holes (33) corresponds to a connecting hole in the shaft (10), the shaft (10) is fastened to a nut through a second bolt (5) penetrating through the second connecting holes (33) and the connecting holes in the shaft (10) in a threaded manner, and the second connecting holes (33) are kidney-shaped holes or U-shaped grooves.

4. The hot-assembling tool for the shaft coupling according to claim 1, wherein the second clamp body (3) is provided with a central groove, an elastic member (31) is arranged in the central groove, the elastic member (31) is connected with a thimble (32), and the thimble (32) is slidably connected with the central groove.

5. A tool for shrink-fitting of a shaft coupling according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the second centering clamp is located between the first centering clamp and the shaft (10).

6. A shrink-fitting method of a coupling, characterized in that a shrink-fitting tool of a coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, comprising the steps of:

clamping a coupler (9) on a first centering fixture, and clamping a shaft (10) on a second centering fixture;

sleeving the first centering fixture on the second centering fixture;

heating the coupler (9), moving the first centering fixture to the second centering fixture along the axis, and thermally mounting the coupler (9) on the shaft (10);

and (4) removing the hot-assembling tool of the coupler after the coupler (9) is cooled.