CN111644208B - Preparation method and application of oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN111644208B CN111644208B CN202010553349.3A CN202010553349A CN111644208B CN 111644208 B CN111644208 B CN 111644208B CN 202010553349 A CN202010553349 A CN 202010553349A CN 111644208 B CN111644208 B CN 111644208B
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/34—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/24—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles
- C10G47/26—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of an oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst, belonging to the technical field of petroleum processing; the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing metal salt and a surfactant, and fully grinding; putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven, and heating to obtain a catalyst precursor; and fully grinding the catalyst precursor, and dissolving the catalyst precursor in an oil product to obtain the suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst. The preparation method of the oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst adopts a low-temperature solid-phase reaction method, has simple preparation process, avoids using various solvents and has no waste water and waste gas emission. Meanwhile, the energy consumption is low, the requirement on production equipment is low, and the equipment investment is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of an oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst.
Background
With the increasing demand of petroleum and the increasing shrinkage of the reserves of light crude oil easy to be extracted in shallow layer, the crude oil is more and more serious in heavy and inferior quality, wherein the average content of residual oil can reach more than 50 percent. The residual oil consists of saturated components, aromatic components, colloid and asphaltene, and the key to how to improve the conversion rate of the residual oil (especially the colloid and the asphaltene in the residual oil) is to efficiently utilize petroleum resources, improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution and national dependence on international crude oil, and one of the effective ways to break the key is to develop a heavy oil hydrogenation technology. Because the residual oil contains colloid asphaltene and trace metals which are easy to coke, the problems of quick catalyst deactivation, short service life and the like easily occur in the heavy oil hydroconversion process, particularly in the fixed bed heavy oil hydrogenation process due to coking and metal deposition. The heavy oil suspension bed hydrogenation process is a heavy oil lightening process for treating inferior residual oil (high metal, high carbon residue, high sulfur, high nitrogen and high viscosity) by adopting a non-supported catalyst, has high conversion rate and high yield of light oil, and can effectively avoid catalyst deactivation caused by coke deposition.
The heavy oil suspension bed hydrogenation process is not industrialized on a large scale at present, and the technical breakthrough point is mainly focused on the development aspect of high-performance catalysts. In the early heavy oil suspension bed hydrogenation process, solid particles or powder is mainly used as a catalyst, the catalyst is low in activity and large in addition amount, equipment is seriously abraded, and meanwhile, tail oil contains a large amount of solid particles and is difficult to treat and utilize. The oil-soluble catalyst can be uniformly dispersed in the heavy oil and fully contacts with the heavy oil and hydrogen, so that the catalytic activity is high, the addition amount of the catalyst is small, and the operation cost is reduced, thereby being popular with domestic and foreign experts, scholars and enterprises.
Chinese patent CN201410216485.8 discloses that an oil-soluble composite hydrocracking catalyst is prepared by taking a reduced metal element compound as a metal source, heating the metal source, organic amine and carbon disulfide in a reaction medium for reaction, and filtering and washing the obtained product. Chinese patent CN201510848631.3 discloses an oil-soluble catalyst prepared by co-reacting metal salt with carboxylic acid organic, alcohol and vulcanizing agent. Chinese patent CN01106013.1 discloses that oil soluble catalyst is prepared by reacting Mo, W metal with phenylhydroxylamine and its derivatives. Chinese patent 201510275523.1 discloses that nickel nitrate and ammonium molybdate are adopted, a small amount of glycol is added, after the PH value is adjusted, a precipitate is obtained in an aqueous solution, the precipitate is filtered and mixed with oleic acid, and the mixture is heated for reaction to obtain an oil-soluble bimetallic catalyst. Although the oil-soluble catalysts show excellent hydrocracking performance and coke inhibition performance, organic solvents or organic media are used as reactants or reaction sites in the preparation process, the environment is polluted, personal injury is easily caused, operation steps such as filtering, washing, purifying and the like are required, and the preparation process is complicated.
Therefore, the method has important significance in preparing the oil-soluble suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst with higher activity by adopting non-toxic and harmless reactants and simplified reaction steps.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects of the existing oil-soluble catalyst, the invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of an oil-soluble suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst, which can solve the problems of safety and environmental protection and the defect of complicated preparation process in the prior art.
The principle on which the invention is based is as follows: the preparation method of the oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst uses a low-temperature solid-phase reaction method, adopts metal acid salt and long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant to stir and mix uniformly, and fully grinds for a sufficient time to ensure that the metal acid salt and the long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant are in full contact reaction. When in use, the catalyst precursor is ground and dissolved in petroleum fraction, and is directly added into a reactor to generate a catalytic hydrogenation active phase in situ in the reactor without the separation, dispersion and presulfurization processes of the catalyst. On the premise of saving operation cost and simplifying operation steps, the catalyst is well dispersed at the reaction temperature, can achieve molecular-level dispersion, and further is less in use amount when the same treatment effect is achieved.
Based on the principle, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of an oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst, which comprises the following steps:
s101: uniformly mixing the main agent of metal acid salt and the surfactant, and fully grinding to obtain a mixture; the surfactant is long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant; the main agent metallate is one or a combination of several of ammonium heptamolybdate, ammonium tetramolybdate, sodium heptamolybdate, ammonium tungstate, ammonium metatungstate and sodium tungstate;
s102: putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven, and heating and drying to obtain a catalyst precursor;
s103: and fully grinding the catalyst precursor, and dissolving the catalyst precursor in an oil product to obtain the suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst.
Further, the step S101 further includes an auxiliary agent metal acid salt, which is uniformly mixed with the surfactant together with the main agent metal acid salt and is ground; the auxiliary agent metal acid salt is at least one of cobalt acetate, cobalt carbonate, cobalt nitrate, nickel carbonate and nickel nitrate; the molar ratio of the metal in the main agent metal acid salt to the metal in the auxiliary agent metal acid salt is 3:1-1:1.
further, the long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant at least comprises one or a combination of more of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant; more preferably, in the anionic surfactant, the number of carbon atoms in the polycarboalkyl chain is 5 to 18, and the number of the polycarboalkyl chain is 1 to 4; still more preferably, the long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.
Further, the step S101 includes the following steps:
s1011: fully grinding a single main agent metal acid salt or a mixture of the main agent metal acid salt and the auxiliary agent metal acid salt for 10-30 min;
s1012: fully grinding the long-chain alkyl quaternary amine salt surfactant for 10-30 min, wherein the addition of the long-chain alkyl quaternary amine salt surfactant is determined according to the total charge number of metal ions in the main agent metal acid salt, namely the total negative charge number of the long-chain alkyl amine ions is consistent with the total positive charge number of the metal ions, so that the final product is electrically neutral.
S1013: the two are stirred and mixed evenly, and are fully ground for 0.5h to 1h.
Further, in the step S102, the heating and drying temperature is 60 ℃ to 180 ℃, and the heating and drying time is 1h to 5h.
Further, in step S103, the oil product at least includes one of lubricating base oil, straight-run diesel oil, catalytic cracking diesel oil, coking diesel oil, and liquid wax oil.
The second invention provides the oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst obtained by the preparation method.
The third invention provides the application of the oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst in the suspension bed hydrogenation process. When in use, the oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst is takenDirectly adding a certain volume of the catalyst into inferior heavy oil, and generating a hydrogenation active component in situ by utilizing a sulfur-containing compound in the heavy oil in the reaction process, wherein the hydrogenation activity is excellent, and the dosage of the catalyst is 50-2000 mu g/g calculated by metal; the operating conditions of the suspension bed hydrogenation reactor are as follows: the reaction pressure is 5MPa to 25MPa, the reaction temperature is 380 ℃ to 480 ℃, and the volume space velocity is 0.2h -1 -1.5h -1 The volume ratio of hydrogen to oil is 200-1000.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method adopts a low-temperature solid-phase reaction method, namely reactants are all solid phases at normal temperature, no solution system participates, the complicated operations such as filtration, purification and the like are avoided, the synthesis process is simple, the conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, the preparation cost of the catalyst is reduced, and the low-cost large-scale industrial production is facilitated.
(2) The oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst prepared by the invention is dissolved in an oil product in advance, and is directly added for reaction during reaction, so that the molecular level dispersion can be quickly and stably achieved, and the start-up time and the catalyst use amount are reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, but the use and purpose of these exemplary embodiments are only to exemplify the present invention, and do not limit the actual scope of the present invention in any way, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A preparation method of an oil-soluble Mo-based suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst comprises the following steps:
weighing 1.236g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, and forcibly grinding for 10min; weighing 3.519g of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and forcibly grinding for 10min; mixing the above two materials, stirring, and grinding for 0.5 hr.
And putting the product into a vacuum drying oven, and performing vacuum drying for 5 hours at 180 ℃.
And taking out the catalyst precursor, fully grinding, and dissolving in 100mL of white oil (lubricating oil base oil) to obtain the oil-soluble Mo-based suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst.
Example 2
A preparation method of an oil-soluble W-based suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst comprises the following steps:
weighing 1.319g of sodium tungstate dihydrate, and forcibly grinding for 10min; weighing 4.692g of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and forcibly grinding for 10min; mixing the above two materials, stirring, and grinding for 0.5 hr.
And putting the product into a vacuum drying oven, and performing vacuum drying for 5 hours at 180 ℃.
And taking out the catalyst precursor, fully grinding, and dissolving in 100mL of white oil (lubricating oil base oil) to obtain the oil-soluble W-based suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst.
Example 3
A preparation method of an oil-soluble CoMo-based suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst comprises the following steps:
weighing 1.236g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and 0.747g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, and forcibly grinding for 10min; weighing 3.519g of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and forcefully grinding for 10min; mixing the above two materials, stirring, and grinding for 0.5 hr.
And putting the product into a vacuum drying oven, and performing vacuum drying for 5 hours at 180 ℃.
And taking out the catalyst precursor, fully grinding, and dissolving in 100mL of white oil (lubricating oil base oil) to obtain the oil-soluble CoMo-based suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst.
Example 4
A preparation method of an oil-soluble NiW-based suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst comprises the following steps:
weighing 1.319g of sodium tungstate dihydrate and 0.526g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, and forcibly grinding for 10min; weighing 4.692g of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and forcefully grinding for 10min; mixing the above two materials, stirring, and grinding for 0.5 hr.
And putting the product into a vacuum drying oven, and performing vacuum drying for 5 hours at 180 ℃.
And taking out the catalyst precursor, fully grinding, and dissolving in 100mL of white oil (lubricating oil base oil) to obtain the oil-soluble NiW-based suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst.
The oil soluble catalyst can be used for a high-sulfur high-metal high-carbon residue poor heavy oil suspension bed hydrocracking process, and the using method comprises the steps of directly adding the oil soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst into poor heavy oil in a certain volume, generating a hydrogenation active component in situ by utilizing a sulfur-containing compound in the heavy oil in the reaction process, wherein the hydrogenation activity is excellent, and the catalyst dosage is 50-2000 mu g/g calculated by metal. The operating conditions of the suspension bed hydrogenation reactor are as follows: the reaction pressure is 5MPa to 25MPa, the reaction temperature is 380 ℃ to 480 ℃, and the volume space velocity is 0.2h -1 -1.5h -1 The volume ratio of hydrogen to oil is 200-1000.
Taking four oil-soluble suspended bed hydrogenation catalysts in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, taking Qingdao refined vacuum residue as a raw material (properties are shown in Table 1), and in a high-pressure automatic reaction kettle, the reaction temperature is 430 ℃, the initial hydrogen pressure is 6MPa, and the catalyst dosage is respectively: the single metal catalyst is 500 mug/g (calculated by metal mass), the double metal catalyst is 300 mug/g (calculated by main agent metal mass), and the reaction time is 1h. The results of the hydrocracking evaluation of vacuum residuum under the specified conditions on the different oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst precursors are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Qingdao refinery vacuum residue Properties
TABLE 2 results of evaluation of vacuum residuum hydrocracking
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the reaction temperature is 430 ℃, the initial hydrogen pressure is 6MPa, and the vacuum residue generates a large amount of small-molecular hydrocarbon gas without a catalyst, and simultaneously generates severe coke, and the coke on the wall reaches 17.14wt%. After the oil-soluble hydrogenation catalyst is added, the catalyst dissociates hydrogen molecules to generate a large amount of hydrogen radicals, and the alkyl radicals generated by thermal cracking are blocked in time, so that the deep cracking of alkyl chains is prevented, the excessive polymerization of macromolecular radicals is prevented, gasoline and diesel fractions are produced as much as possible, the coke inhibiting effect is obvious, and the wall coke is reduced from 17% to less than 2%. The hydrogenation coking inhibition effect of the Mo-based oil-soluble catalyst is better than that of the W-based oil-soluble catalyst, the hydrogen activation effect of Mo is more remarkable, no wall coking exists in a reaction kettle after the Mo-based oil-soluble catalyst and the CoMo-based oil-soluble catalyst participate in the reaction, the coking inhibition effect is excellent, and the continuous start requirement of an industrial device is met; the hydrogenation coke-inhibiting effect of the bimetallic oil-soluble hydrogenation catalyst is stronger than that of a single metal catalyst, probably because a synergistic effect occurs between the two metals, and a CoMoS active phase or a NiWS active phase is generated, so that the medium effect of combining hydrogen free radicals and alkyl free radicals can be better played.
Therefore, the oil-soluble suspended bed hydrogenation agent prepared by the method has excellent hydrogenation performance, and is particularly suitable for the suspended bed hydrogenation process of the poor-quality heavy oil with high sulfur, high metal and high carbon residue. The preparation method is extremely simple and practical, has certain universality for preparation raw materials, and has great potential for industrial application of the catalyst in the suspension bed hydrogenation process.
The preparation method of the oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method adopts a low-temperature solid-phase reaction method, namely reactants are all solid phases at normal temperature, no solution system participates, the complicated operations such as filtration, purification and the like are avoided, the synthesis process is simple, the conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, the preparation cost of the catalyst is reduced, and the low-cost large-scale industrial production is facilitated.
(2) The oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst prepared by the invention is dissolved in an oil product in advance, and is directly added for reaction during reaction, so that the molecular level dispersion can be rapidly and stably achieved, and the start-up time and the catalyst use amount are reduced.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of an oil-soluble suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: uniformly mixing the main agent of metallate and the surfactant, and fully grinding to obtain a mixture; the surfactant is a long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant; the main agent metallate is one or a combination of several of ammonium heptamolybdate, ammonium tetramolybdate, sodium heptamolybdate, ammonium tungstate, ammonium metatungstate and sodium tungstate; the addition of the long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is determined according to the total charge number of metal ions in the main agent metal acid salt, namely the total negative charge number of the long-chain alkyl ammonium ions is kept consistent with the total positive charge number of the metal ions, so that the final product is electrically neutral;
s102: putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven, and heating and drying to obtain a catalyst precursor;
s103: fully grinding the catalyst precursor, and dissolving the catalyst precursor in an oil product to obtain a suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst;
the step S101 also comprises an auxiliary agent metal acid salt which is uniformly mixed with the surfactant and ground together with the main agent metal acid salt; the auxiliary agent metal acid salt is at least one of cobalt acetate, cobalt carbonate, cobalt nitrate, nickel carbonate and nickel nitrate; the molar ratio of the metal in the main agent metal acid salt to the metal in the auxiliary agent metal acid salt is 3:1-1:1;
the step S101 includes the steps of:
s1011: fully grinding the mixture of the main agent metal acid salt and the auxiliary agent metal acid salt for 10-30 min;
s1012: fully grinding the long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant for 10-30 min, wherein the addition of the long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is determined according to the total charge number of metal ions in the main agent of the metal acid salt, namely the total negative charge number of the long-chain alkyl ammonium ions is consistent with the total positive charge number of the metal ions, so that the final product is electrically neutral;
s1013: stirring and mixing the two uniformly, and fully grinding for 0.5h-1h;
in the step S102, the heating and drying temperature is 60-180 ℃, and the heating and drying time is 1-5 h;
in the step S103, the oil product at least includes one of lubricant base oil, straight-run diesel oil, catalytic cracking diesel oil, coker diesel oil, and liquid wax oil.
2. The method for preparing the oil-soluble suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant comprises at least one or a combination of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and zwitterionic surfactant.
3. The method for preparing the oil-soluble suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst according to claim 2, wherein the anionic surfactant has a polycarboalkyl chain with a carbon number of 5-18 and a polycarboalkyl chain with a chain number of 1-4.
4. The preparation method of the oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.
5. An oil soluble suspended bed hydrogenation catalyst obtainable by the process of any of claims 1 to 4.
6. Use of the oil soluble hydrocracking catalyst of claim 5 in a slurry hydrogenation process.
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| CN112934245B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2024-01-23 | 福州大学 | Oil-soluble molybdenum-based composite hydrogenation catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112916041B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-08-04 | 福州大学化肥催化剂国家工程研究中心 | Oil-soluble molybdenum-based ionic liquid catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
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